Surgery: Pathophysiological Bases and Perioperative Management

Surgery · Clinical Specialties

How it begins

Estudio exhaustivo de la respuesta sistémica a la agresión quirúrgica, la evaluación y optimización del riesgo perioperatorio, y el manejo racional del paciente quirúrgico desde la valoración preoperatoria hasta la recuperación postoperatoria.

What it covers

1. Pathophysiological Bases and Perioperative Management
2. The Surgical Patient as a Model of Physiological Stress
3. Metabolic Phases of the Surgical Response: Cuthbertson and Moore
4. · Cuthbertson's two-phase model: "Ebb and Flow"
5. Neuroendocrine Response to Surgical Aggression
6. · Sympathetic nervous system and catecholamines
7. · Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
8. Systemic Inflammatory Response to Surgical Trauma
9. · Cytokine cascade
10. · Acute phase proteins
11. · SIRS and its relationship with surgical trauma
12. Catabolism and Substrate Metabolism in the Surgical Patient
13. · Stress hyperglycemia
14. · Protein catabolism and nitrogen balance
15. · Lipid metabolism
16. Perioperative Hydroelectrolyte Balance Alterations
17. · The "third space" phenomenon
18. · Sodium and water retention
19. · Potassium alterations
20. Perioperative Thermoregulation and Inadvertent Hypothermia
21. · Clinical consequences of perioperative hypothermia
22. Coagulation and Postoperative Prothrombotic State
23. · VTE risk stratification and prophylaxis
24. Preoperative Surgical Risk Assessment
25. · ASA Classification (American Society of Anesthesiologists)
26. · Assessment of cardiovascular risk
27. · Pulmonary risk assessment
28. Preoperative Optimization of Comorbidities
29. · Perioperative management of diabetes mellitus
30. · Management of chronic anticoagulation (bridging)
31. · Correction of preoperative anemia
32. · Surgical prehabilitation
33. Perioperative Fluid Therapy
34. · Crystaloids vs. colloids
35. · Fluid therapy strategies: restrictive vs. liberal vs. goal-directed
36. · Replacement of blood loss
37. Intraoperative Hemodynamic Management and Monitoring
38. · Intraoperative hypotension and organ damage
39. · Advanced hemodynamic monitoring
40. · Management of blood pressure and vasopressors
41. Postoperative Multimodal Analgesia
42. · Components of multimodal analgesia
43. ERAS Programs (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery)
44. · Key components of an ERAS protocol
45. Systemic Postoperative Complications
46. · Respiratory complications
47. · Kidney complications
48. · Complications of the surgical wound
49. · Postoperative delirium
50. Postoperative Ileus and Nutritional Support
51. · Perioperative nutritional support
52. Postoperative Fever: The "5 W" Approach