Acid-Base Balance and Body Fluids

Physiology · Basic Sciences

How it begins

Guía completa sobre la distribución de fluidos corporales, los sistemas amortiguadores del pH, la regulación respiratoria y renal del equilibrio ácido-base, los trastornos clínicos y el manejo de electrolitos.

What it covers

1. Body Fluid Compartments
2. · Distribution in Compartments
3. · Ionic Composition of the Compartments
4. · Osmolarity, Osmolality and Tonicity
5. Regulation of Volume and Osmolality
6. · Thirst and Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH/AVP)
7. · Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
8. Fundamentals of Acid-Base Balance
9. · Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
10. Shock Absorber Systems (Buffers)
11. · 1. Bicarbonate-CO₂ Buffer System
12. · 2. Protein Buffers
13. · 3. Phosphate Buffer System
14. · 4. Bone Tampon
15. Respiratory pH Regulation
16. · Chemoreceptors and Ventilatory Control
17. · Kussmaul's Breath
18. Renal pH Regulation
19. · HCO₃⁻ reabsorption Filtering
20. · Excretion of H⁺ and Generation of HCO₃⁻ New
21. · Ammonia System: The Most Adaptable Renal Buffer
22. Metabolic Acidosis
23. · The Anion Gap (AG): Diagnostic Key
24. · Clinical Consequences of Acidemia
25. Metabolic Alkalosis
26. · Generation vs. Maintenance
27. · Classification by Response to Chloride (Urinary Chlorine)
28. · Clinical Consequences of Alkalemia
29. Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis
30. · Respiratory Acidosis
31. · Respiratory Alkalosis
32. Mixed Acid-Base Disorders
33. Analysis of Arterial Gases
34. · Summary Compensation Formulas
35. Regulation of Sodium and Water
36. · Hyponatremia (Na⁺ 135 mEq/L)
37. · Hypernatremia (Na⁺ 145 mEq/L)
38. Potassium Regulation
39. · Hypokalemia (K⁺ 3.5 mEq/L)
40. · Hyperkalemia (K⁺ 5.0 mEq/L)
41. Regulation of Calcium and Phosphorus
42. · Calcium Regulation: PTH, Calcitriol and Calcitonin
43. Magnesium Regulation
44. Clinical Integration and Summary
45. · Rapid Clinical Cases for Integration
46. · High Performance Points Summary
47. · Global Table of Acid-Base Disorders