Geriatrics: Introduction and General Principles

Geriatrics: Introduction and General Principles — Clinical Reference

How it begins

La Geriatría es la especialidad médica dedicada al estudio, la prevención, el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y la rehabilitación de las enfermedades en el adulto mayor, con especial atención a las características diferenciales que el envejecimiento impone sobre la presentación, la evolución y el manejo de la enfermedad, así como a la preservación de la funcionalidad, la autonomía y la calidad de vida.

What it covers

1. 1. Definition, Scope and History
2. · 1.1 Historical Review
3. · 1.2 The Elderly: Age Definition and Heterogeneity
4. 2. Demographics of Aging
5. · 2.1 Global Epidemiology
6. · 2.2 Demographic and Epidemiological Transition
7. 3. Biology of Aging
8. · 3.1 Theories of Aging
9. 4. Hallmarks of Aging
10. · 4.1 Epigenetics of Aging: Biological Clocks
11. 5. Physiological Changes of Aging
12. · 5.1 Cardiovascular System
13. · 5.2 Respiratory System
14. · 5.3 Renal System
15. · 5.4 Nervous System
16. · 5.5 Musculoskeletal System
17. · 5.6 Endocrine System
18. · 5.7 Immunosenescence
19. 6. Geriatric Syndromes
20. 7. Fragility
21. · 7.1 Conceptual Models of Fragility
22. · 7.2 Pathophysiology of the Frailty Cycle
23. · 7.3 Frailty Screening Tools
24. 8. Sarcopenia
25. · 8.1 Diagnostic Criteria (EWGSOP2, 2018)
26. · 8.2 Pathophysiology
27. · 8.3 Interventions
28. 9. Delirium
29. · 9.1 Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-5)
30. 10. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (VGI)
31. 11. Functional Evaluation
32. · 11.1 Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL)
33. · 11.2 Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)
34. · 11.3 Gait and Balance Assessment
35. 12. Cognitive and Affective Evaluation
36. · 12.1 Cognitive Evaluation
37. · 12.2 Affective Evaluation
38. 13. Nutritional Evaluation
39. · 13.1 Nutritional Changes of Aging
40. · 13.2 Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)
41. · 13.3 Nutritional Biomarkers
42. 14. Pharmacology in the Elderly
43. · 14.1 Pharmacokinetic Changes
44. · 14.2 Pharmacodynamic Changes
45. 15. Polypharmacy and Deprescription
46. · 15.1 Beers Criteria (AGS 2023)
47. · 15.2 STOPP/START Criteria (v3, 2023)
48. · 15.3 The Prescription Cascade
49. · 15.4 Deprescription
50. 16. Ethical Principles in Geriatrics
51. · 16.1 Bioethical Principles in the Geriatric Context
52. · 16.2 Advance Directives / Advance Wills
53. · 16.3 Therapeutic Effort Limitation (LET)
54. 17. Prevention and Health Promotion
55. · 17.1 Levels of Prevention in the Elderly
56. · 17.2 Vaccination in the Elderly
57. · 17.3 Physical Activity in the Elderly: Prescription
58. 18. Geriatric Care Models