Internal Medicine: Modalities and Principles of Oncological Treatment

Internal Medicine · Clinical Specialties

How it begins

El tratamiento del cáncer ha evolucionado desde la extirpación quirúrgica hacia un paradigma multimodal e individualizado, sustentado en la comprensión molecular de cada tumor: cirugía, radioterapia, quimioterapia, terapia dirigida, inmunoterapia y trasplante actúan en coordinación bajo un objetivo único — el control o erradicación de la enfermedad neoplásica con la menor toxicidad posible.

What it covers

1. · Therapeutic Intention: the Fundamental Conceptual Framework
2. · Classification of Therapeutic Modalities
3. · Key Quantitative Concepts: Kinetics of Cell Death
4. · Functional Status (Performance Status): Determinant of Eligibility
5. · Hallmarks of Cancer (Hanahan & Weinberg)
6. · Cell Cycle and Phases of Action of Antineoplastic Agents
7. · Mechanisms of Resistance to Chemotherapy
8. · General Principles of Oncological Surgery
9. · Types of Surgical Resection
10. · Sentinel Ganglion: Technique and Relevance
11. · Physical and Biological Bases
12. · The 4R + 1R of Radiobiology: The Basis of Fractionation
13. · Linear-Quadratic (LQ) Model and the α/β Relation
14. · Radiotherapy Modalities
15. · Fractionation: Clinically Relevant Variants
16. · Leasing Agents
17. · Antimetabolites
18. · Topoisomerase Inhibitors
19. · Anti-Microtubule Agents
20. · Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Inhibitors (RTKi)
21. · VEGF Inhibitors / Angiogenesis
22. · PARP inhibitors (PARPi)
23. · CDK4/6 inhibitors
24. · BCR-ABL Inhibitors: The Targeted Therapy Success Model
25. · Tumor Microenvironment Biology and Immunoediting
26. · Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI)
27. · Immuno-Related Toxicities (irAEs)
28. · CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor) Cells
29. · Ca. RH+ / HER2- Breast: Estrogen Deprivation
30. · Ca. Prostate: Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT)
31. · Types of HSCT and its Basis
32. · Conditioning Regimes
33. · Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD)
34. · Toxicity Classification: CTCAE
35. · Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV)
36. · Myelotoxicity: The Chemotherapy Toxicity Paradigm
37. · Mucositis: Management and Prevention
38. · Oncological Cardiotoxicity
39. · RECIST 1.1 Criteria
40. · iRECIST Criteria and Pseudoprogression by ICI
41. · Other Specific Response Criteria
42. · Predictive vs. Prognostic Biomarkers
43. · Liquid Biopsy
44. · Clinical Trial Phases
45. · Endpoints in Oncology
46. · Early Palliative Care: The NEJM 2010 Paradigm
47. · Oncological Pain Control: WHO Analgesic Ladder
48. · Oncological Symptoms and Treatment