Diagnostic Methods in Endocrinology

Diagnostic Methods in Endocrinology — Internal Medicine

How it begins

Análisis exhaustivo de los métodos diagnósticos endocrinológicos: principios de laboratorio hormonal, pruebas dinámicas de estimulación y supresión, técnicas de imagen funcional y molecular, e interpretación clínica integrada de todos los ejes hormonales.

What it covers

1. General Principles of Endocrinological Diagnosis
2. · Analytical techniques in hormonal laboratories
3. Basal Hormonal Laboratory: Extraction Conditions
4. Dynamic Tests: General Principles
5. Somatotropic Axis: GH and IGF-1
6. · Diagnosis of GH Deficiency in adults
7. · Diagnosis of GH Excess: Acromegaly
8. Gonadal Axis: FSH, LH and GnRH Test
9. · GnRH (or Leuprorelin) Stimulation Test
10. Corticotropic Axis: ACTH, Cortisol and HPA Axis Tests
11. · HPA Axis Laboratory
12. · Metyrapona test
13. Prolactin: Diagnosis and Screening of Macroprolactinemia
14. · Causes of hyperprolactinemia and its differential diagnosis
15. ADH / Vasopressin: Diagnosis of Diabetes Insipidus and SIADH
16. · Water Restriction Test (Water Deprivation Test — WDT)
17. · SIADH Diagnosis
18. Thyroid Function: Systematic Interpretation of the Thyroid Axis
19. · Situations that dissociate the TSH-T4L axis (non-standard interpretation)
20. Thyroid Autoimmunity: Antibodies and Their Interpretation
21. Thyroid Imaging and Biopsy: Ultrasound and FNAC
22. · Ultrasound classification systems for thyroid nodules
23. · FNAC (Fine Needle Puncture-Aspiration) and Bethesda System
24. Thyroid Uptake, Scintigraphy and PET
25. · Radioactive Iodine Uptake (RaIU)
26. · Scintigraphy with Technetium-99m (⁹⁹ᵐTc-pertechnetate)
27. · PET/CT with ¹⁸F-FDG and ¹²⁴I in Thyroid Cancer
28. Study of the Adrenal Cortex: Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Axis
29. · Adrenal Androgens
30. Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome
31. · Stage 1: Confirmation of hypercortisolism
32. · Stage 2: Etiological Diagnosis of Cushing's Syndrome
33. Adrenal Insufficiency: Diagnosis and Stimulation Tests
34. · Synthetic ACTH Stimulation Test (Synacthen®) — Gold test for primary IS
35. · Diagnosis of Primary IS vs. Secondary
36. Primary Hyperaldosteronism (PAH): Stepwise Diagnosis
37. Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Biochemical Diagnosis and Imaging
38. · Biochemical diagnosis: choice of analyte
39. · Image in pheochromocytoma
40. Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Prediabetes
41. · Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): Indications and Technique
42. · HbA1c: Limitations and Situations Requiring Blood Glucose
43. Insulin, C Peptide and Assessment of β Cell Function
44. Hypoglycemia Study: Prolonged Fasting Test and Others
45. · 72 Hour Fasting Test (Insulinoma Gold Standard)
46. Calcium Metabolism and Diagnosis of its Disorders
47. Intact PTH, Vitamin D and Differential Diagnosis of Hypercalcemia
48. · Parathyroid hormone (PTH) intact (1–84)
49. · Vitamin D: 25(OH)D and 1.25(OH)₂D
50. Bone Densitometry (DXA) and Clinical Interpretation
51. · Interpretation of the T-score and Z-score
52. · Measurement locations and their clinical relevance
53. Bone Remodeling Markers
54. Image in Endocrinology: Indications by System
55. · Adrenal CT: incidentaloma characterization criteria
56. Endocrine Nuclear Medicine: Key Scans
57. · Parathyroid scan with ⁹⁹ᵐTc-MIBI
58. · Octreotide / ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATATE PET scintigraphy
59. Genetic Diagnosis in Endocrinology