Diagnostic Methods in Pulmonology

Diagnostic Methods in Pulmonology | Internal Medicine

How it begins

Guía de referencia experta para el estudio sistemático de las enfermedades respiratorias. Integra exploración clínica, fisiología pulmonar, imagen avanzada, técnicas endoscópicas, análisis de biofluidos y microbiología molecular con correlación clínica continua.

What it covers

1. Initial Assessment
2. Pneumological Clinical History
3. · Cardinal Respiratory Symptoms
4. · 1. Dyspnea
5. · 2. Cough
6. · 3. Expectoration
7. · 4. Hemoptysis
8. · 5. Chest pain
9. · 6. Wheezing and stridor
10. · Directed Etiological History
11. Initial Assessment
12. Physical Examination of the Chest
13. · General and Thoracic Inspection
14. · Pathological thoracic forms
15. · Signs of chronic hypoxemia
16. · Palpation
17. · Percussion
18. · Pulmonary Auscultation
19. · Normal noises
20. · Pathological noises added
21. Applied Physiology
22. Pulmonary Function Tests: Overview
23. Pulmonary Function
24. Spirometry
25. · Fundamental Parameters
26. · Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
27. · Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV₁)
28. · FEV₁/FVC ratio (Tiffeneau index)
29. · FEF 25-75% (MMEF)
30. · Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF)
31. · Obstruction Severity Classification (GOLD 2023)
32. · Bronchodilator Test
33. · Bronchial Provocation Test (Hyperreactivity)
34. · Methacholine test
35. · Bronchial stress test
36. · Occupational exposure test
37. Pulmonary Function
38. Static Lung Volumes
39. · Body Plethysmography
40. · Gas Dilution Methods
41. · Helium dilution (Closed circuit)
42. · Nitrogen flushing (Open circuit)
43. · Interpretation of Pathological Volumes
44. Pulmonary Function
45. Lung Diffusion Capacity (DLCO)
46. · Single-Breath Technique
47. · DLCO Correction Factors
48. Pulmonary Function
49. Arterial Gasometry and Pulse Oximetry
50. · Arterial Gasometry (GAB)
51. · Alveolar-Arterial Oxygen Gradient (P(A-a)O₂)
52. · Classification of Respiratory Failure
53. · Pulse Oximetry (Pulsioximetry)
54. Pulmonary Function
55. Cardiopulmonary Stress Tests
56. · 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT)
57. · Cardiopulmonary Stress Test (CPET)
58. Diagnostic Imaging
59. Chest X-ray
60. · Technique and Quality of Radiography
61. · Complementary projections
62. · Systematic Analysis of Chest X-ray
63. · Pulmonary radiological patterns and differential diagnosis
64. Diagnostic Imaging
65. Chest Computed Tomography and HRCT
66. · High Resolution CT (HRCT / HRCT)
67. · Fundamental tomographic patterns in EPI
68. · Peripheral tomographic patterns and distribution
69. · Low Dose CT (LDCT) in Lung Cancer Screening
70. Diagnostic Imaging
71. Pulmonary CT Angio-CT and V/Q Scan
72. · Pulmonary CT Angiography (CTPA)
73. · PTE diagnostic algorithm (ESC 2019)
74. · CTPA findings in acute and chronic PE
75. · Ventilation/Perfusion Lung Scan (V/Q)
76. Diagnostic Imaging
77. Thoracic Ultrasound · MRI · PET-CT
78. · Thoracic Ultrasound (Pulmonary POCUS)
79. · Lung ultrasound artifacts and their clinical significance
80. · Chest Magnetic Resonance (MRI)
81. · PET-CT (Positron Emission Tomography)
82. · Indications in pulmonology
83. Endoscopic Techniques
84. Flexible and Rigid Bronchoscopy
85. · Flexible Bronchoscopy (Fibrobronchoscopy)
86. · Diagnostic indications
87. · Sample collection techniques in bronchoscopy
88. · Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL): Cellular Interpretation
89. · Rigid Bronchoscopy
90. Advanced Endoscopic Techniques
91. EBUS · Cryobiopsy · Navigation
92. · EBUS — Endobronchial Ultrasound
93. · Radial EBUS (R-EBUS)
94. · Linear EBUS (CP-EBUS)
95. · Transbronchial Cryobiopsy (TBLC)
96. · Bronchial Electromagnetic Navigation (ENB)
97. Invasive Procedures
98. Thoracentesis and Pleural Biopsy
99. · Thoracentesis
100. · Basic technique
101. · Relative contraindications
102. · Pleural Biopsy
103. · Blind pleural biopsy (Abrams/Cope needle)
104. · Pleural biopsy guided by CT or ultrasound
105. · Medical Thoracoscopy (Pleuroscopy)
106. · Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS)
107. Biofluid Analysis
108. Pleural Fluid Analysis
109. · Light Criteria
110. · Complete Biochemical Analysis
111. · Cytological and Microbiological Analysis
112. · Pleural fluid cytology
113. · LP cell count and formula
114. · Microbiology of pleural fluid
115. Respiratory Microbiology
116. Microbiological Methods in Pulmonology
117. · Sputum Analysis
118. · Sputum quality criteria (Murray-Washington)
119. · Techniques for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
120. · Urinary Antigens
121. · Biomarkers of Fungal Infection
122. · Galactomannan (GM) serum and BAL
123. · Serum β-D-Glucan (BDG)
124. · Fungal PCR and other molecular techniques
125. · Hemocultures and Cultures of Other Samples
126. Sleep Diagnosis
127. Sleep Studies and Nocturnal Respiratory Disorders
128. · Polysomnography (PSG)
129. · PSG key parameters
130. · Definition of Apneas and Hypopneas (AASM 2012)
131. · Home Respiratory Polygraphy (RP)
132. · Obesity-Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS)
133. Immunological and Molecular Diagnosis
134. Immunological, Genetic and Molecular Tests
135. · Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis (LTBI)
136. · Tuberculin test (TST / Mantoux)
137. · IGRA (Interferon-Gamma Release Assays)
138. · α₁-Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency
139. · Biomarkers in Thoracic Oncology
140. · Liquid biopsy (ctDNA)
141. · Serum Markers in Specific Lung Diseases
142. Clinical Integration
143. Integrated Diagnostic Algorithms
144. · Approach to Pleural Effusion
145. · Approach to the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule
146. · Approach to Chronic Dyspnea of Unknown Etiology
147. · Synthesis: Integration of Diagnostic Methods