Neurosciences — Embryology of the Nervous System

Embryology · Basic Sciences

How it begins

Del ectodermo al encéfalo: neurulación, regionalización, histogénesis, sinaptogénesis y malformaciones congénitas del desarrollo neural.

What it covers

1. Gastrulation, ectoderm formation and neural induction
2. · Gastrulation (week 3)
3. Primary neurulation: formation of the neural tube
4. · Stages of primary neurulation
5. · Cellular and molecular mechanisms of neural tube closure
6. Secondary neurulation
7. Neural crest: origin, transition, migration and derivatives
8. · Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the neural crest
9. · Neural crest migration: molecular guides
10. · Neural crest subpopulations and their derivatives
11. Brain vesicles: expansion and subdivision of the cranial neural tube
12. · Primary vesicles (day 28) and secondary vesicles (day 36)
13. · Formation of the telencephalon and cerebral cortex
14. Anteroposterior regionalization: morphogenetic gradients and Hox code
15. · Morphogenetic gradients of the A-P axis
16. · Hox genes and rhombic identity
17. Dorsoventral regionalization: gradients of BMP and Sonic Hedgehog
18. · Sonic Hedgehog Gradient (Shh) — Ventral spec
19. · BMP Gradient — Back Specification
20. Proliferation and neurogenesis: from the progenitor to the neuron
21. · Germinal zones of the neural tube
22. · Symmetric division vs. asymmetric: the neurogenic switch
23. Neural migration: radial and tangential
24. · Radial migration guided by radial glia
25. · Tangential migration of cortical interneurons
26. Neural differentiation: identity, axon and dendritic tree
27. · Neural type specification
28. · Establishment of axon-dendrite polarity and axonal growth
29. Programmed cell death in neural development
30. · Neurotrophic trophic factor hypothesis and competition theory
31. · Other roles of apoptosis in neural development
32. Synaptogenesis, synaptic pruning and circuit formation
33. · Synaptogenesis — phases
34. · Activity- and microglia-dependent synaptic pruning
35. · Critical periods of neural development
36. Myelination in development: chronology and regulation
37. · Chronology of myelination in the human CNS
38. · Molecular regulation of myelination
39. Neurotrophic factors: neurotrophin family
40. Neural tube defects (NTD): types, pathophysiology and prevention
41. · Classification and clinical descriptions
42. · Chiari malformation — types
43. Malformations of the cerebral cortex: lissencephaly, polymicrogyria and heterotopias
44. · Classification of cortical malformations
45. Other CNS malformations: holoprosencephaly, hydrocephalus and agenesis of the corpus callosum
46. · Holoprosencephaly (HPE)
47. · Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC)
48. · Congenital hydrocephalus
49. Teratogens of the nervous system: environmental and pharmacological agents
50. · Main neural teratogens
51. Genetics of neural development: chromosomal, monogenic and epigenetic
52. · Chromosomopathies with major neurological involvement
53. · Monogenic diseases of neural development
54. · Epigenetics and neural development