ENT: Introduction and General Principles

Otolaryngology · Clinical Specialties

How it begins

La otorrinolaringología integra la anatomía funcional del oído, la nariz, la garganta, el cuello y la base del cráneo con la neurología de los sentidos especiales. Dominar sus fundamentos es prerequisito para entender la patología, la exploración y los procedimientos diagnóstico-terapéuticos de esta disciplina.

What it covers

1. Introduction and General Principles
2. Definition and Scope of Otorhinolaryngology
3. · Subspecialties and Areas of Competence
4. Head and Neck Embryology: Basis for Understanding Pathology
5. · Pharyngeal Arches and their Derivatives
6. · Pharyngeal Bags and Their Derivatives
7. · Otic Placode and Development of the Inner Ear
8. · Thyroid and Thyroglossal Duct
9. Topographic Organization of the ENT Field
10. Hearing: External, Middle and Internal
11. · External Ear
12. · Middle Ear
13. · Inner Ear
14. Nose and Paranasal Sinuses: Functional Anatomy
15. · Internal Anatomy of the Nasal Fossa
16. · Paranasal Sinuses: Anatomy and Function
17. Pharynx, Lymphoid Tissue and Tonsils
18. · Waldeyer's ring: Pharyngeal lymphoid tissue
19. Larynx and Proximal Trachea: Anatomy and Function
20. · Cartilaginous Structure of the Larynx
21. · Compartments of the Larynx
22. · Intrinsic Muscles of the Larynx and Innervation
23. Neck: Triangles, Fascias and Deep Spaces
24. · Cervical Triangles
25. · Cervical Ganglionic Levels (Memorial Sloan Kettering Classification)
26. Physiology of Hearing: From Sound to the Cortex
27. · Physical Properties of Sound
28. · Auditory Transduction: From Sound to Electrical Signal
29. Physiology of Balance and Vestibular System
30. · Trifountain of Balance Integration
31. · Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) and Vestibulo-Spinal Reflex (VER)
32. Smell, Taste and Swallowing: Integrated Physiology
33. · Physiology of Smell
34. · Swallowing Physiology
35. Physiology of Voice and Speech
36. · Laryngeal Sound Production Mechanism
37. ENT Innervation: Relevant Cranial Nerves
38. ENT Semiology: Guiding Symptoms and Their Meaning
39. ENT Physical Examination: Techniques and Instruments
40. · Basic ENT Examination Material
41. · Fingerboard Tests: Weber and Rinne
42. Diagnostic Methods in ENT: Audiology, Imaging and Endoscopy
43. · Clinical Audiology
44. · Imaging Techniques in ENT
45. General Surgical Principles in ENT
46. · Difficult Airway: The Most Critical Scenario in ENT
47. · Principles of the Main ENT Surgeries