Emergency Semiology — Expert Clinical Reference

Semiology · Clinical Bases

How it begins

Exploración clínica sistemática en el paciente crítico y urgente: anamnesis dirigida, signos vitales, hallazgos físicos y correlación diagnóstica.

What it covers

1. Concept, theoretical framework and specificities of semiology in emergencies
2. · Distinctive characteristics of urgent semiology
3. · The ABCDE method as a primary structuring framework
4. Triage and classification of urgent patients
5. · Spanish Triage System (SET) — Manchester Scale (MTS)
6. · Triage semiology: general high-risk discriminators
7. Anamnesis in emergencies: directed and efficient clinical history
8. · Mnemonic SAMPLE — Minimum clinical history in the emergency room
9. · OPQRST Mnemonics — Characterization of the main symptom
10. · Additional critical aspects of the urgent anamnesis
11. Vital signs in the emergency room: advanced interpretation and clinical correlation
12. · Blood pressure (BP)
13. · Heart rate (HR)
14. · Respiratory rate (RR)
15. · Temperature (Tª)
16. · Oxygen saturation (SpO₂) and capnography
17. · Capillary blood glucose
18. Systematic and directed physical examination in the emergency room
19. · General appearance — The impression of gravity
20. · Head and neck
21. · Cardiovascular examination in the emergency room
22. · Respiratory examination in the emergency room
23. · Abdominal examination in the emergency room
24. Level of consciousness and urgent neurological examination
25. · Glasgow Scale (GCS) — Detailed description
26. · Urgent pupillary examination
27. · Differential diagnosis of coma in the emergency room — Mnemonics AEIOU-TIPS
28. · Neurological focus: simplified NIHSS scale (Face-Arm-Speech-Time)
29. Semiology of acute chest pain
30. · Semiological differential diagnosis of chest pain
31. · Specific semiology of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
32. Semiology of acute dyspnea
33. · Clinical-semiological correlation of the most frequent causes
34. · Severity indices of acute dyspnea
35. Semiology of acute neurological syndrome
36. · Sudden onset headache — The diagnosis that cannot be missed
37. · Syncope vs. seizure — Semiological differential diagnosis
38. Semiology of acute abdomen
39. · Topographic classification of abdominal pain and differential diagnosis
40. · Acute mesenteric ischemia — The great simulator
41. Semiology of shock
42. · Physiopathological classification and hemodynamic profile
43. · Clinical semiology of shock by stages
44. Semiology of hydroelectrolyte alterations and acid-base balance
45. · Sodium alterations — Clinical-neurological correlation
46. · Potassium alterations
47. · Arterial blood gases — Urgent systematic interpretation
48. Metabolic emergencies: ketoacidosis, hyperglycemic syndrome and hypoglycemia
49. · Diabetic ketoacidosis (DAC)
50. · Acute hypoglycemia — Clinic and thresholds
51. Cardiovascular emergencies: arrhythmias and clinical syndromes
52. · Palpitations — Semiological differential diagnosis
53. · Wide QRS tachycardias — Distinction VT vs. SVT with aberration
54. Semiology of the polytraumatized patient
55. · Primary examination in polytrauma — ABCDE with simultaneous intervention
56. · Specific injury signs in trauma
57. Clinical scales and risk scores in emergencies
58. Red flags, non-missable diagnoses and critical clinical correlations
59. · The 10 diagnoses that should never be missed in the emergency room
60. · Semiological-physiopathological correlations of high clinical density
61. · Frequent cognitive errors in emergencies and their prevention