Emergencies: Pleural Pathology

Emergencies: Pleural Pathology — Expert Level Reference

How it begins

Un compendio exhaustivo y de nivel experto sobre la fisiología del espacio pleural, la dinámica de fluidos y gases en situaciones críticas, la ecografía a pie de cama, el análisis bioquímico complejo de derrames, el manejo escalonado del empiema, y los algoritmos intervencionistas ante neumotórax, hemotórax y complicaciones asociadas.

What it covers

1. Surgical anatomy, physiology and intrapleural pressure
2. · Histology and filtration barrier
3. · Blood irrigation and lymphatic drainage
4. · Sensory innervation and the clinical translation of pain
5. · Pleural fluid physiology and Starling forces
6. Physiopathology of the pleural space in emergency situations
7. · Mechanisms of pleural fluid accumulation (Genesis of effusion)
8. · Gas dynamics and lung collapse in pneumothorax
9. Systematic clinical approach in the emergency department
10. · Clinical semiology: the pillars of suspicion
11. · Systematic physical examination of the chest
12. · Red flags and instability criteria
13. Bedside pleural ultrasound (LUS) and BLUE protocol
14. · Technical aspects of ultrasound examination
15. · Ultrasound semiotics of normality
16. · Ultrasound Semiotics of Pneumothorax
17. · Ultrasound Semiotics of Pleural Effusion
18. Advanced diagnostic imaging: radiography and computed tomography
19. · Conventional chest x-ray
20. · Computed Tomography (CT) of the chest with contrast
21. Pleural effusion in the emergency room: initial approach algorithm
22. · Indications for Urgent Thoracentesis
23. · Safety Criteria and Contraindications
24. · Step-by-step technique guided by ultrasound
25. Pleural fluid analysis: Light criteria and biomarkers
26. · The classic Light Criteria
27. · Essential and Second Line Biochemical Markers
28. · Cellular and cytological study
29. Parapneumonic pleural effusion and pleural empyema
30. · Physiopathological evolution in three stages
31. · Changing microbiology
32. · Stepped Therapeutic Strategy in Emergencies
33. Primary and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax
34. · Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax (PSP)
35. · Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax (NES)
36. · Size classification and controversies in guides
37. · Updated Management Algorithms
38. Tension and traumatic/iatrogenic pneumothorax
39. · Tension Pneumothorax: Clinical Diagnosis
40. · Open Pneumothorax (Penetrating Trauma)
41. · Iatrogenic Pneumothorax
42. Acute hemothorax: evaluation and thoracotomy criteria
43. · Biochemical Diagnostic Criteria
44. · Etiopathogenesis of Bleeding
45. · Clinical Management and Surgical Criteria for Emergency Thoracotomy
46. · Late complications: Organized Hemothorax and Empyema
47. Chylothorax and pseudochylothorax
48. · Chylothorax: Pathophysiology and Biochemical Definition
49. · Differentiation with Pseudochylothorax (Cholesterol Chylothorax)
50. · Etiology of Chylothorax
51. · Stepped Therapeutic Approach
52. Pleural effusions of systemic origin common in emergencies
53. · Pleural Effusion from Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
54. · Hepatic Hydrothorax
55. · Lupus Pleuritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
56. · Pleural Effusion due to Pulmonary Thromboembolism (PTE)
57. Chest drainage devices and aspiration systems
58. · Drain Caliber Selection (French)
59. · Anatomy of the "Safety Triangle"
60. · Physical dynamics of the classic three-chamber drainage system
61. · Chest Tube Clamping Rules
62. Serious complications of pleural management and reexpansion
63. · Pulmonary Edema due to Reexpansion (RPE)
64. · Subcutaneous Emphysema
65. · Bronchopleural Fistula (BPF)
66. · Synthesis of the Integrated Diagnostic-Therapeutic Algorithm