Valvulopathies and Endocarditis

Valvulopathies and Endocarditis — Internal Medicine

How it begins

Fisiopatología, diagnóstico ecocardiográfico, criterios de intervención y tratamiento exhaustivo de las enfermedades valvulares y la endocarditis infecciosa, basados en las guías ESC 2021 y AHA/ACC 2021.

What it covers

1. Valvulopathies and Endocarditis
2. Classification and Epidemiology
3. · Global Epidemiology
4. · Etiological Classification
5. · Carpentier's Functional Classification (Valvular Dysfunction)
6. General Pathophysiology of Valvulopathies
7. · Fundamental Hemodynamic Principles
8. · Laplace's Law and Wall Stress
9. · Pressure Gradient and Valve Area (Gorlin's Formula)
10. · Pressure Gradient vs. Flow: "Low Flow EA Paradox"
11. · Special Pathophysiology of the Upstream Chamber
12. Aortic Stenosis (AS)
13. · Echocardiographic Severity Criteria (ESC/AHA 2021)
14. · Pathophysiology and Natural History
15. · Physical Exploration Feature
16. · Indications for Valve Intervention — EA
17. · TAVI vs. SAVR — Intervention Selection
18. Aortic Insufficiency (AI)
19. · Pathophysiology: Acute IA vs. Chronicle
20. · Peripheral Signs of Severe Chronic AI
21. · Echocardiographic (AI) Severity Criteria
22. · Indications for Surgery in Chronic AI
23. Mitral Stenosis (MS)
24. · Severity Criteria (EM)
25. · Wilkins Score (Echocardiographic Morphology)
26. · Complications of MS
27. · Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty (PMBC)
28. Mitral Insufficiency (MI)
29. · IM Primary (Organic)
30. · Secondary IM (Functional)
31. · Echocardiographic Diagnosis — Severity Parameters
32. · Intervention Indications — Primary MI
33. · Indications — Secondary IM (Functional IM in IC)
34. Right and Multivalvular Valve Diseases
35. · Tricuspid insufficiency (TR)
36. · Tricuspid Stenosis
37. · Pulmonary valve disease
38. · Combined Valvular Disease ("Double Injury")
39. Valvular Prostheses
40. · Classification of Valve Prostheses
41. · Anticoagulation in Valve Prostheses
42. · Complications of Valve Prostheses
43. Infectious Endocarditis — Diagnosis
44. · Pathogenesis
45. · Modified Duke Criteria 2023 (ESC)
46. · Diagnosis by Imaging in IE
47. · Blood cultures: Technique and Interpretation
48. EI: Microbiology and Antibiotic Treatment
49. · Microbiological Epidemiology of IE
50. · Antibiotic Schemes by Microorganism (ESC 2023)
51. · Transition IV-Oral (Oral Consolidation)
52. EI: Complications and Surgery
53. · Cardiac Complications of IE
54. · Extracardiac Complications
55. · Indications for Urgent Surgery in IE
56. · Surgery in IE with Previous Stroke
57. · The Endocarditis Team
58. Surgical Timing in Valvulopathies
59. · General Principle of Optimal Timing
60. · Summary of Timing for Valvulopathy
61. · Surgical Risk Stratification
62. · Preoperative Multimodal Evaluation
63. Special Situations
64. · Valvulopathies in Pregnancy
65. · EI in Parenteral Drug Users (ADVP)
66. · Nosocomial and Device-Related IE
67. · Valvulopathy and Atrial Fibrillation
68. Prophylaxis and Prevention
69. · Prophylaxis of Infectious Endocarditis
70. · Prevention of Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Valve Disease
71. · Follow-up of Patients with Valvulopathies
72. · Dental Hygiene and Skin Care in Patients with Valve Disease