Principles of Cardiovascular Regulation and Receptive Dynamics

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Physiological Modeling of Blood Pressure

The fundamental relationship that governs systemic hemodynamics responds to the principle of conservation of flow and energy, expressed in a simplified manner as:

PA = GC × RVP = (FC × VS) × RVP

Where HR represents the heart rate, VS the stroke volume of ejection, and PVR the peripheral vascular resistance. Stroke volume is directly conditioned by preload (venous return and intravascular volume), intrinsic myocardial contractility and afterload (forces opposed to ventricular ejection, dominated by the impedance of the aorta and the tone of the resistance arterioles).

Clearance, receptor affinity, and dissociation rate constants of cardiovascular drugs modulate these mechanical variables dynamically, represented under pharmacodynamic models that describe long-term neurohumoral hysteresis and accommodation.

This vademecum offers a systematic breakdown of the main cardiovascular pharmacological families, analyzing their molecular targets, kinetic profiles and the clinical implications of their most representative interactions and toxicities.