Clinical Biochemistry of Exosomes and Extracellular Vesicles | Treaty of Critical Medicine and Surgery

Biochemistry · Basic Sciences

How it begins

Estudio detallado y exhaustivo de la biología celular, estructural y molecular de las vesículas extracelulares. Análisis metodológico para su aislamiento, caracterización analítica mediante técnicas biofísicas de última generación, y su profunda relevancia clínica en oncología traslacional, enfermedades cardiovasculares, neurodegeneración y medicina regenerativa.

What it covers

1. Extracellular Vesicles
2. Taxonomy, General Classification and Cellular Origin of Extracellular Vesicles (EV)
3. · 1.1 · Taxonomic Classification of Vesicular Populations
4. · 1.2 · Evolutionary Importance of Vesicular Intercellular Communication
5. Exosome Biogenesis Mechanisms: The ESCRT-Dependent Pathway
6. · 2.1 · Sequential Recruitment and Cargo Sorting
7. · 2.2 · ESCRT-III Polymerization and Cleavage Mechanism (Abscission)
8. ESCRT-Independent Biogenesis Pathways and Direct Ectosome Budding
9. · 3.1 · Ceramide Dynamics and Spontaneous Curvature of the Bilayer
10. · 3.2 · The Role of Tetraspanins in the Organization of Membrane Microdomains
11. · 3.3 · Biochemistry of Ectosome Budding in the Plasma Membrane
12. The Lipid Bilayer of Extracellular Vesicles: Composition and Biophysical Properties
13. · 4.1 · Lipid Enrichment and Structure in "Rafts" or Lipid Rafts
14. · 4.2 · Biophysical Properties: Transition Temperature and Stability
15. The Proteomic Landscape of Extracellular Vesicles: Key and Signature Proteins
16. · 5.1 · Signature Tetraspanins and their Molecular Interaction
17. · 5.2 · Rab Family GTPases and SNARE Fusion Machinery
18. The Nucleic Acid Cargo of EVs: Interference RNA and DNA
19. · 6.1 · RNA Selection and Classification Mechanisms (RNA Sorting)
20. · 6.2 · Characterization of Intratumoral RNA Species and Epigenetic Functionality
21. EV Physical Isolation Methodologies: Differential Ultracentrifugation
22. · 7.1 · Sequential Differential Ultracentrifugation Protocol (dUC)
23. · 7.2 · Density Gradient Fractionation (Sucrose vs. Iodixanol)
24. Advanced Purification Techniques: Molecular Exclusion Chromatography
25. · 8.1 · Biophysical Principle of Chromatographic Separation
26. · 8.2 · Comparison of Performance and Purity of Isolation Methods
27. · 8.3 · Innovative Isolation Methodologies
28. Biophysical and Biochemical Characterization Techniques of EVs
29. · 9.1 · NTA Principle and the Stokes-Einstein Equation
30. · 9.2 · High Resolution Microscopy (TEM, Cryo-TEM, AFM)
31. Mechanisms of Intercellular Communication and EV Internalization
32. · 10.1 · Primary Interaction Pathways on the Cell Surface
33. Role of EVs in Oncogenesis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT)
34. · 11.1 · Reprogramming of the Tumor Microenvironment
35. · 11.2 · Modulation of E-Cadherin Loss and Snail/Twist Activation
36. Construction of the Pre-Metastatic Niche and Organotropism
37. · 12.1 · Metastatic Organotropism Mediated by Vesicular Integrins
38. · 12.2 · Systemic Immunosuppression and Remote Immune Evasion
39. Cardiovascular Physiopathology and Thrombogenesis
40. · 13.1 · EV of Platelet Origin as Initiators of Thrombus and Atherosclerosis
41. · 13.2 · Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) Cardiac Remodeling
42. Neurobiology and Propagation of Proteopathies in the CNS
43. · 14.1 · Propagation of Beta-Amyloid and Tau Protein Oligomers in Alzheimer's
44. Clinical Biochemistry and Applications of EVs in Liquid Biopsy
45. · 15.1 · Characterization of Clinical Diagnostic Biofluids
46. Analytical Interferences, Standardization and MISEV Guides
47. · 16.1 · Interferences from Chylomicrons, VLDL, Albumin and Tamm-Horsfall
48. · 16.2 · Marker Categories According to the MISEV Guides
49. Exosomes as Therapeutic Delivery Vectors
50. · 17.1 · Advantages of EVs over Synthetic Liposomes
51. · 17.2 · Surface Engineering Modifications (Surface Engineering)
52. Pharmaceutical Regulation, Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Clinical Challenges
53. · 18.1 · Challenges in Mass Production: Hollow Fiber Bioreactors
54. · 18.2 · Regulatory Challenges and Biological Potency Testing
55. · 18.3 · Key Principles in the Clinical Biochemistry and Pathophysiology of EVs