Tubulointerstitial Diseases — Internal Medicine · Expert Reference

Internal Medicine · Clinical Specialties

How it begins

Fisiopatología, diagnóstico diferencial y manejo clínico de las nefropatías tubulointersticiales: desde la nefritis aguda hasta la progresión a enfermedad renal crónica.

What it covers

1. Tubulointerstitial physiology: bases for understanding the pathology
2. · Organization of the renal interstitium
3. · Tubular functions: reabsorption, secretion and regulation
4. Classification of tubulointerstitial diseases
5. Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN): pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment
6. · Pathophysiology — Immune-mediated mechanism
7. · Etiology — Drugs most frequently involved
8. · Clinical — The "classical triad" is present in less than 10%
9. · Diagnosis — Criteria and kidney biopsy
10. · Treatment — Evidence and indications for corticosteroids
11. Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (CTN): fibrosis and progression to ACKD
12. · IFTA pathophysiology — The activated fibroblast
13. · Etiology of NICT — Main causes
14. Autoimmune and immunoallergic NTI: TINU, IgG4-RD and Sjögren
15. · TINU syndrome (Tubulointerstitial Nephritis with Uveitis)
16. · IgG4 nephropathy (IgG4-related disease, IgG4-RD)
17. · Sjögren's syndrome and kidney involvement
18. Analgesic nephropathy: papillary necrosis and urothelial carcinoma
19. · Pathophysiology — Mechanism of tubular damage and papillary ischemia
20. · Clinical and diagnostic findings
21. Lithium nephropathy: nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and IFTA
22. · Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DIN) due to lithium
23. · Chronic ICT and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
24. Heavy metal nephropathy: lead, cadmium and mercury
25. · Saturnine nephropathy (lead)
26. · Cadmium nephropathy
27. Aristolochic acid nephropathy: the most devastating of nephrotoxins
28. · Physiopathological mechanism
29. · Associated clinical entities
30. Contrast-induced nephropathy: pathophysiology and prevention
31. · Physiopathology
32. · Prevention — Evidence-based strategies
33. Renal tubular acidosis (RTA): types, pathophysiology and treatment
34. · ATR type 1 — Distal (acidification failure)
35. Fanconi syndrome: global dysfunction of the proximal tubule
36. · Clinical-analytical manifestations
37. Hereditary tubular channelopathies: Bartter, Gitelman and Liddle
38. · Syndromes that mimic treatment with loop or thiazide diuretics
39. Infectious nephropathies: pyelonephritis, renal TB and others
40. · Acute pyelonephritis (ANP)
41. · Renal tuberculosis — Insidious presentation
42. Reflux nephropathy: renal scar due to vesicoureteral reflux
43. · Pathophysiology — Intrarenal reflux
44. · Clinical and follow-up
45. NTI in systemic diseases: sarcoidosis, myeloma and amyloidosis
46. · Renal sarcoidosis
47. · Multiple myeloma and the kidney
48. Diagnosis of ILI: laboratory, imaging and renal biopsy
49. · Diagnostic algorithm for tubular dysfunction
50. · Renal biopsy — Indications, technique and findings
51. Progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and nephroprotection
52. · The IFTA as a final common way
53. · Nephroprotection strategies in chronic ILI
54. Clinical correlations of high diagnostic relevance
55. · Problem cases and differential diagnostic clues