Digestive Bleeding — Expert Level Emergency Reference

Emergency Room · Clinical Specialties

How it begins

Abordaje clínico de nivel experto para el diagnóstico, la reanimación hemodinámica, la terapéutica endoscópica, farmacológica y endovascular de la hemorragia digestiva alta y baja en el escenario de urgencias.

What it covers

1. Definitions, classification and epidemiology of digestive bleeding
2. · Epidemiology and Global Burden of Disease
3. · Emerging Risk Factors and Vulnerable Populations
4. Pathophysiology of hypovolemic shock and the systemic response
5. · Hemodynamic and Neurohumoral Compensation Mechanisms
6. · Pathophysiology at the Cellular Level, Ischemia and Lactic Acidosis
7. · The Triad of Death in Hemorrhagic Shock
8. Etiology of non-varicose upper gastrointestinal bleeding
9. · Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
10. · Mucous Erosions and Stress Injuries
11. · Mallory-Weiss syndrome
12. · Dieulafoy injury
13. · Other Vascular and Neoplastic Causes
14. Etiology of varicose upper gastrointestinal bleeding
15. · Pathophysiology of Portal Hypertension and Varicose Vein Formation
16. · Varicose Rupture Factors
17. · Salin Classification for Gastric Varicose Veins
18. Etiology of lower gastrointestinal bleeding
19. · Diverticular Colon Disease
20. · Angiodysplasias (Vascular Ectasias)
21. · Ischemic Colitis
22. · Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Anorectal Pathology
23. Initial evaluation, triage and hemodynamic stabilization in the emergency room
24. · Systematic Hemodynamic Evaluation
25. · Airway Securement (ABCDE of Resuscitation)
26. · Fluid Resuscitation and Hemodynamic Objectives
27. · Transfusion Strategy: Restrictive versus Liberal
28. · Correction of Coagulopathy
29. Risk stratification scales
30. · Glasgow-Blatchford Score (GBS)
31. · Rockall Scale
32. · AIMS65
33. · Oakland Score for Low Gastrointestinal Bleeding
34. Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to non-varicose upper gastrointestinal bleeding
35. · Acid Suppressive Pharmacological Therapy with PPI
36. · Appropriate Timing of Endoscopy (Timing)
37. · Use of Prokinetics: Erythromycin and Metoclopramide
38. · Endoscopic Hemostasis Techniques
39. · Refractory Management: Angioembolization and Surgical
40. Specific approach to varicose upper gastrointestinal bleeding
41. · Early Vasoactive Therapy
42. · Prophylactic Antibiotherapy
43. · Endoscopic Therapeutics: Band Ligation versus Tissue Adhesives
44. · Emergency Rescue Strategies
45. Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to lower gastrointestinal bleeding
46. · Emergency versus Elective Colonoscopy
47. · Stratification of Diagnostic Imaging Tests: CT Angio
48. · Superselective Rescue Angiography and Embolization
49. · Emergency Surgical Indications: Segmental Colectomy versus Subtotal
50. Digestive bleeding from the middle intestine (obscure origin)
51. · Definition and Change of Nomenclature
52. · Etiology of Midgut Bleeding
53. · Middle Intestine Diagnostic Testing Algorithm
54. Perioperative management of anticoagulated and antiplatelet patients
55. · Anticoagulation Reversal Protocols
56. · Management and Suspension of Antiplatelet Therapy
57. · Criteria for Safe Restart of Anticoagulation
58. Systemic complications, monitoring and intensive care
59. · Prerenal Acute Renal Failure (AKI) and Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
60. · Myocardial Ischemia Type 2 (Secondary Myocardial Infarction)
61. · Hepatic Encephalopathy in Varicose Hemorrhage
62. Detailed emergency pharmacological protocols
63. Integrated decision-making algorithms and on-call checklist
64. · Decision Making Algorithm in Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (UGIB)
65. · Decision Making Algorithm in Lower Digestive Bleeding (HDB)
66. · Safety and Quality of Care Checklist for the Emergency Department