Cellular Injury — General Pathology

General Pathology · Basic Sciences

How it begins

Las células se encuentran en un estado de homeostasis dinámica , manteniendo su estructura y función dentro de un rango fisiológico a través de mecanismos de adaptación continuos. Cuando el estrés supera la capacidad adaptativa de la célula, ocurre la lesión celular .

What it covers

1. Cellular Injury
2. Concept and Spectrum of Cellular Injury
3. · The Cellular Response Spectrum
4. · Cellular Adaptations — Sublethal Stress Responses
5. Causes of Cellular Injury
6. Cellular Stress Response
7. · Folding Stress Response (UPR — Unfolded Protein Response)
8. · Response to Heat Shock Proteins (HSP)
9. Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Injury
10. · 1. ATP depletion
11. · 2. Alteration of Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis
12. · 3. Oxidative Stress and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
13. · 4. Membrane Damage
14. · 5. Damage to DNA and Proteins
15. Reversible Lesion — Morphology
16. · Reversible vs. Irreversible Injury Markers
17. Necrosis — Pathological Cell Death
18. · Morphological Changes in Necrosis
19. · Morphological Types of Necrosis
20. · Programmed Necrosis — Regulated Forms of Necrotic Death
21. Apoptosis — Programmed Cell Death
22. · Caspases — The Engine of Apoptosis
23. · Intrinsic Pathway (Mitochondrial)
24. · Extrinsic Pathway (Death Receptors)
25. · Physiological Apoptosis — When the Cell Should Die
26. · Pathological Apoptosis — Excess or Defect
27. Autophagy — The Cell Devours Itself
28. Other Forms of Cell Death
29. Intracellular Accumulations
30. · Steatosis — Lipid Accumulation
31. · Protein Accumulation
32. · Glycogen Accumulation
33. · Pathological Pigments
34. Pathological Calcification
35. Cellular Aging
36. · Theories and Molecular Mechanisms of Aging
37. · Integrative Summary — Cellular Injury
38. · Bibliographical References