Pain Medicine — Clinical Pharmacology of Pain

Pain Medicine · Clinical Specialties

How it begins

Un estudio profundo y exhaustivo de la farmacología aplicada a la medicina del dolor. Desde la fisiología sináptica y la modulación de canales iónicos hasta la complejidad molecular de los ligandos opioides, interacciones de citocromos, manejo de toxicidades y las dianas biotecnológicas del futuro.

What it covers

1. Neurobiology of Nociception and Pain Pathways
2. · Transduction: Activation of Nociceptors and Inflammatory Soup
3. · Transmission: Axonal Conduction and Synapses in the Dorsal Horn
4. · Modulation: The Descending Inhibitory and Facilitating System
5. · Central Sensitization and Synaptic Plasticity
6. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Applied to Pain
7. · Bioavailability and Blood Brain Barrier
8. · Hepatic Metabolism: Phase I (CYP450) and Phase II (Conjugation)
9. · Renal Elimination and Accumulation of Active Metabolites
10. Physiopathological Classification of Pain and Therapeutic Targets
11. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatories (NSAIDs) and Paracetamol
12. · Mechanism of Action of NSAIDs: The Cyclooxygenase Cascade
13. · The Coxib Cardiovascular Paradox
14. · Renal Toxicity and Pharmacodynamic Interactions
15. · Paracetamol (Acetaminophen): Mechanism and Liver Toxicity
16. Calcium and Sodium Channel Modulators: Gabapentinoids and Anticonvulsants
17. · Gabapentinoids: Ligands of the α₂δ Subunit
18. · Voltage Dependent Sodium Channel Blockers
19. Antidepressants as Analgesics: Tricyclics, SNRIs and Reuptake Mechanisms
20. · Synaptic Mechanism of Action: NET and SERT Blockade
21. · Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA): Classic Efficacy and Receptor Loading
22. · Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
23. Weak Opioids and Receptor Modifiers
24. · Codeine and Dihydrocodeine: The Risk of Prodrugs
25. · Tramadol: Dual and Hybrid Mechanism of Action
26. Potent Opioids Pure Agonists: Morphine, Fentanyl and Oxycodone
27. · Signal Transduction Mechanism of the MOR Receiver
28. · Morphine: The Classical Comparative Pattern
29. · Fentanyl: Extreme Potency and Pharmaceutical Flexibility
30. · Oxycodone: Semisynthetic Profile and Predictable Absorption
31. · Opioid Rotation and Equianalgesic Calculation
32. Opioids with Special Mechanisms: Methadone and Tapentadol
33. · Methadone: Opioid Agonist, NMDA Antagonist and Reuptake Inhibitor
34. · Tapentadol: The MOR-NRI Concept
35. Opioids Partial Agonists and Mixed Agonists-Antagonists
36. · Buprenorphine: A Partial Agonist with an Atypical Profile
37. · Mixed Agonists-Antagonists: Pentazocine and Nalbuphine
38. Adverse Effects of Opioids and Their Pharmacological Management
39. · Opioid-Induced Constipation (OIO) and PAMORAs
40. · Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression (ORID)
41. · Pharmacological Tolerance vs. Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia (OIH)
42. NMDA Receptor Antagonists and Systemic Local Anesthetics
43. · Ketamine: Non-Competitive Blocking of the NMDA Channel
44. · Systemic Intravenous Lidocaine
45. Nociplastic Pain Pharmacotherapy and Cannabinoid Systems
46. · Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN): Glial and TLR4 Receptor Modulator
47. · The Endocannabinoid System in Pain Modulation
48. Emerging Therapies, Monoclonal Antibodies and Precision Medicine
49. · Monoclonal Antibodies against Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)
50. · Monoclonal Antibodies against CGRP and its Receptor in Migraine
51. · Precision Medicine: Pharmacogenomics and Biomarkers