Microbiota — General Pathology · Expert Level

General Pathology · Basic Sciences

How it begins

Ecología microbiana del hospedador, mecanismos de homeostasis, fisiopatología de la disbiosis y correlaciones clínicas en el contexto de la patología moderna.

What it covers

1. The Human Microbiota
2. 1. Introduction and Fundamental Definitions
3. · 1.1 Fundamental Quantitative Data
4. · 1.2 Study Methodology
5. 2. Microbial Composition and Diversity
6. · 2.1 Predominant Bacterial Phyla
7. · 2.2 Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio (F/B)
8. · 2.3 Non-Bacterial Components of the Microbiome
9. · 2.4 Microbial Diversity — Ecological Metrics
10. 3. Factors that Modulate the Microbiota
11. · 3.1 Early Establishment (Critical Window)
12. · 3.2 Breastfeeding vs. Formula
13. · 3.3 Diet
14. · 3.4 Antibiotics
15. · 3.5 Other Modulatory Factors
16. 4. Physiological Functions of the Microbiota
17. · 4.1 Metabolic Functions
18. · 4.2 Resistance to Colonization
19. · 4.3 Development and Maturation of the Immune System
20. 5. Intestinal Microbiota by Segments
21. · 5.1 The Mucus Layer — Microbial Interface
22. · 5.2 Small Intestine Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO)
23. 6. Oral Microbiota
24. · 6.1 Composition
25. · 6.2 Systemic Connection of the Oral Microbiota
26. 7. Lung Microbiota
27. · 7.1 Composition
28. · 7.2 Pulmonary Dysbiosis in Chronic Respiratory Diseases
29. · 7.3 Intestine-Lung Axis
30. 8. Skin Microbiota
31. · 8.1 Cutaneous Niches and Predominant Taxa
32. · 8.2 Atopic Dermatitis and Skin Microbiota
33. · 8.3 Other Dermatoses Associated with Dysbiosis
34. 9. Vaginal Microbiota
35. · 9.1 Four Types of Communities (CSTs)
36. · 9.2 Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
37. · 9.3 Hormonal Modulation
38. 10. Microbiota in Other Compartments
39. · 10.1 Urinary Microbiota
40. · 10.2 Brain Microbiota
41. · 10.3 Placental and Neonatal Microbiota
42. 11. Dysbiosis: Concept, Types and Mechanisms
43. · 11.1 Three Functional Types of Dysbiosis (Petersen & Round)
44. · 11.2 Keystone Species
45. · 11.3 Homeostasis vs. Dysbiosis — Protective Factors
46. 12. Intestinal Barrier and Increased Permeability
47. · 12.1 Components of the Intestinal Barrier
48. · 12.2 Mechanisms of Increased Intestinal Permeability
49. · 12.3 Measurement of Intestinal Permeability
50. 13. Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis
51. · 13.1 Communication Routes
52. · 13.2 Microbiota and Neuropsychiatric Pathology
53. 14. Microbiota and Immunology
54. · 14.1 Innate Immunity — Microbial Recognition
55. · 14.2 Treg–Th17 Axis and the Microbiota
56. · 14.3 Hygiene Hypothesis and "Old Friends"
57. · 14.4 Microbiota and Oncological Immunotherapy
58. 15. Dysbiosis and Systemic Diseases
59. · 15.1 Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
60. · 15.2 Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
61. · 15.3 Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
62. · 15.4 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
63. · 15.5 Liver Disease and Intestine-Liver Axis
64. · 15.6 Autoimmune Diseases
65. 16. Clostridioides difficile — The Paradigmatic Pathobiont
66. · 16.1 Epidemiology and Pathophysiology
67. · 16.2 Diagnosis
68. · 16.3 Step Treatment
69. 17. Probiotics, Prebiotics and Symbiotics
70. · 17.1 Mechanisms of Action of Probiotics
71. · 17.2 Probiotic Strains with Established Clinical Evidence
72. · 17.3 Prebiotics
73. · 17.4 Synbiotics, Postbiotics and Parabiotics
74. 18. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT)
75. · 18.1 Effectiveness Mechanism
76. · 18.2 Procedure and Routes of Administration
77. · 18.3 Approved and Emerging Indications
78. 19. Emerging Microbiota-Based Therapies
79. · 19.1 Next Generation Therapeutic Bacteria (NGLBs)
80. · 19.2 Bacteriophages as Precision Therapy
81. · 19.3 Precision Postbiotics
82. · 19.4 CRISPR and Microbiome Editing
83. · 19.5 Diet as a Therapeutic Intervention