Neurodegeneration — General Pathology · Expert Level

General Pathology · Basic Sciences

How it begins

Mecanismos moleculares de la muerte neuronal progresiva, patología de las proteinopatías, vías de señalización patogénica y correlaciones clínico-patológicas en las principales enfermedades neurodegenerativas.

What it covers

1. Neuro degeneration
2. 01 —— Introduction and Fundamental Concepts
3. · 1.1 Classification Based on Accumulated Protein
4. · 1.2 Selective Neural Vulnerability
5. 02 —— Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Death
6. · 2.1 Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress and Unfolded Protein Response (UPR)
7. · 2.2 Dysfunction of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS)
8. · 2.3 Autophagy — Macroautophagy, Microautophagy and CMA
9. · 2.4 Synaptic Toxicity and Loss of Plasticity
10. · 2.5 Oxidative Stress and Redox Dysfunction
11. · 2.6 Excitotoxicity
12. 03 —— Proteostasis and Proteinopathies
13. · 3.1 Thermodynamics of Protein Misfolding
14. · 3.2 Aggregation Sequence: Monomer → Oligomer → Fiber → Plate
15. · 3.3 The Key Proteins in Neurodegeneration
16. 04 —— Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegeneration
17. · 4.1 Respiratory Chain Complexes as Targets
18. · 4.2 The Role of Mitochondrial Calcium
19. · 4.3 Mitochondrial Biogenesis — PGC-1α
20. 05 —— Neuroinflammation and Gliopathy
21. · 5.1 Microglia — From Homeostatic State to Pathological Activation
22. · 5.2 Reactive Astrocytes (Astrogliosis)
23. · 5.3 NLRP3 Inflammasome — The Pathological Turn of Inflammation
24. · 5.4 The Blood-Brain Barrier in Neurodegeneration
25. 06 —— Alzheimer's disease
26. · 6.1 Neuropathology — The Two Defining Injuries
27. · 6.2 The Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis (Hardy & Higgins, 1992)
28. · 6.3 Genetics of AD
29. · 6.4 Biomarkers — AT(N) Framework
30. · 6.5 Treatment — From Symptoms to Disease Modification
31. 07 —— Parkinson's disease
32. · 7.1 Neuropathology
33. · 7.2 Braak staging for PD
34. · 7.3 Genetics of PD
35. · 7.4 Pharmacological Treatment of PD
36. 08 —— Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
37. · 8.1 Genetics of ALS
38. · 8.2 Specific Pathogenic Mechanisms of ALS
39. · 8.3 Treatment of ALS
40. 09 —— Huntington's disease
41. · 9.1 Neuropathology
42. · 9.2 Mechanisms of Toxicity of Mutated Huntingtin (mHTT)
43. · 9.3 Treatment
44. 10 —— Prion Diseases
45. · 10.1 Diagnosis of Prion Diseases
46. 11 —— Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
47. · 11.1 Clinical Variants
48. 12 —— Lewy Body Dementia (Lewy Body Dementia)
49. 13 —— PSP, MSA and Other Synucleinopathies/Tauopathies
50. 14 —— Spinocerebellar Ataxias (SCAs)
51. 15 —— Genetics and Epigenetics of Neurodegeneration
52. · 15.1 Types of Genetic Variants
53. · 15.2 Epigenetics in Neurodegeneration
54. 16 —— Biomarkers in Neurodegeneration
55. · 16.1 Biomarkers in CSF
56. · 16.2 Biomarkers in Plasma — The New Frontier
57. 17 —— Prion Propagation — The Pan-Neurodegenerative Concept
58. · 17.1 Intercellular Transfer Mechanisms
59. 18 —— Transversal Therapeutic Strategies
60. · 18.1 Active and Passive Immunotherapy
61. · 18.2 Gene Therapies and Antisense Oligonucleotides
62. · 18.3 Proteostasis Targets
63. · 18.4 Metabolic Neuroprotection
64. 19 —— Frontiers of Knowledge in Neurodegeneration
65. · 19.1 Cellular Senescence in the CNS
66. · 19.2 Liquid Phase Condensates and Phase Transitions
67. · 19.3 Intestinal Microbiota and Neurodegeneration
68. · 19.4 Artificial Intelligence and Neurodegeneration