Neoplasms — General Pathology

General Pathology · Basic Sciences

How it begins

Biología tumoral, carcinogénesis molecular, nomenclatura, patogénesis de la invasión y metástasis, síndromes hereditarios, clasificación TNM y marcadores tumorales — nivel experto con correlación clínica integrada.

What it covers

1. Definition and Nomenclature
2. · Systematic Nomenclature
3. · Benign Tumors vs. Malignant: Differentiating Characteristics
4. Biological Characteristics of the Tumor
5. · Differentiation and Anaplasia
6. · Dysplasia and Carcinoma In Situ
7. · Tumor Growth Rate and Kinetics
8. Hallmarks of Cancer
9. · The 6 Original Capabilities (2000/2011)
10. · Emerging Features (2022 Update)
11. Molecular Carcinogenesis
12. · Multistage Model: Initiation → Promotion → Progression
13. · Paradigm: Colon Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequence (Fearon-Vogelstein, 1990)
14. · Epigenetics and Cancer
15. Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes
16. · Oncogenes and Proto-oncogenes
17. · Tumor Suppressor Genes
18. Cell Cycle and Proliferation Control
19. · Cell Cycle Checkpoints (Checkpoints)
20. · Senescence and Apoptosis as Antitumor Barriers
21. Invasion and Metastasis
22. · The Metastatic Cascade
23. · Metastatic Tropism — "Seed and Soil" Hypothesis
24. Tumor Angiogenesis
25. · Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Angiogenesis
26. · Characteristics of Tumor Vessels
27. Tumor Microenvironment and Immunity
28. · Cellular Components of the TME
29. · Immune Evasion and Checkpoint Therapy
30. Carcinogenic Agents
31. · Chemical Carcinogens
32. · Mutational Signatures — COSMIC
33. · Physical Carcinogens
34. · Viral Carcinogenesis
35. Hereditary Cancer Syndromes
36. TNM Classification, Grade and Histology
37. · TNM System (UICC/AJCC 8th Edition)
38. · Histological Grade (Differentiation)
39. Tumor Markers
40. Paraneoplastic Syndromes
41. Tumor Stem Cells (CSC)
42. · Evidence of the CSC
43. · CSC Signaling Routes
44. · CSC, Chemoresistance and Tumor Recurrence
45. Tumor Immunity and Immunoescapism
46. Diagnostic Methods in Oncology
47. Epidemiology and Risk Factors