Functional Neuroanatomy — Expert Reference Atlas

Neurosciences · Basic Sciences

How it begins

Organización estructural y funcional del sistema nervioso: corteza cerebral, sistemas sensoriales y motores, circuitos de integración subcortical, vías autónomas y soporte vascular.

What it covers

1. Cerebral cortex: cytoarchitecture, Brodmann areas and columnar organization
2. · Types of cortex: isocortex, allocortex and mesocortex
3. · Laminar organization of the neocortex — The six layers
4. · Columnar organization: the cortical column as a functional unit
5. · Brodmann Cytoarchitectonic Map — Key Functional Areas
6. · Large-Scale Networks
7. Limbic system: hippocampus, amygdala and Papez circuit
8. · Hippocampal formation — Substrate of episodic memory
9. · Amygdala — Center for emotional processing
10. · Papez Circuit — The anatomical basis of emotions
11. Basal ganglia: functional organization and circuits
12. · Parallel circuits of the basal ganglia
13. · Direct, indirect and hyperdirect routes
14. · Nucleus accumbens and the mesolimbic reward system
15. Thalamus: nuclear organization and sensory relay function
16. · Functional classification of the thalamic nuclei
17. Hypothalamus: nuclei, neuroendocrine axes and autonomic regulation
18. · Topographic and functional organization
19. · Hypocretin/orexin system and narcolepsy
20. Cerebellum: olive-cerebellar circuits and modules
21. · Cerebellar cortical circuit — Structure and computation
22. · Mossy fibers vs. climbing fibers — Context and error signals
23. Brain stem: functional organization by levels
24. · Tegmental and basal organization
25. · Periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) — Endogenous pain center
26. Spinal cord: Rexed's laminae, tracts and segmental organization
27. · Rexed Sheets — Cytoarchitectural organization of the antler
28. · Ascending and descending tracts — Functional synthesis
29. Somatosensory system: receptors, pathways and cortex
30. · Skin receptors and mechanoreceptors
31. · Penfield's sensory and motor homunculus
32. Visual system: from the retina to cortical processing streams
33. · Retina — Cellular organization and local processing
34. · Visual pathway — Retinotopic organization
35. · The two streams of cortical visual processing
36. Auditory system: cochlea, ascending pathways and cortex
37. · Cochlea — Mechano-electrical transduction
38. · Ascending auditory pathway — Multiple crossings and relay nuclei
39. Vestibular system: organs, nuclei and vestibulo-ocular reflex
40. · Vestibular labyrinth — Receptive organs
41. · Vosocular-ocular reflex (VOR) — Image stabilization
42. Olfactory and gustatory system
43. · Olfactory system — The only sensory pathway that does not pass through the thalamus
44. · Gustatory system — The 5 qualities
45. Descending motor pathways: pyramidal and extrapyramidal system
46. · Corticospinal tract — Organization and topography
47. · Extrapyramidal pathways — Tone control and automatic movements
48. Integrated motor control: the reflex arc, the CPG and the feedback loops
49. · The myotatic (monosynaptic) reflex and its modulation
50. · Central Pattern Generators (CPG) — Locomotion as a core program
51. Autonomous nervous system: sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric
52. · Higher autonomous control centers
53. · Autonomic reflex arc — Baroreflex
54. Functional vascularization of the CNS: neurovascular coupling and autoregulation
55. · Neurovascular coupling and the neurovascular unit
56. · Brain self-regulation
57. Ventricular system and CSF: circulation, barriers and glymphatic space
58. · Production and circulation of CSF
59. · Glymphatic system — The brain cleaning system
60. Topographic correlations — Anatomical syndromes of high clinical relevance
61. · Symptoms as anatomical coordinates — Correlation table