Neurosciences — Introduction and General Principles

Neurosciences · Basic Sciences

How it begins

Organización del sistema nervioso, células nerviosas, neurofisiología de membrana, sinapsis, neurotransmisión y neuroanatomía funcional.

What it covers

1. History, definition and scope of neurosciences
2. · Levels of analysis in neuroscience
3. General organization of the nervous system
4. · Central Nervous System (CNS)
5. · Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
6. The neuron: the structural and functional unit of the nervous system
7. · Neural morphology: compartments and functions
8. · Morphological and functional classification of neurons
9. · Neural cytoskeleton
10. · Axonal transport
11. Glial cells: types, functions and pathology
12. · Astrocytes
13. · Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells
14. · Microglia
15. · Ependymal cells and choroid plexus
16. Rest membrane potential: electrochemical foundations
17. · Ionic distribution and electrochemical gradients
18. · Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (GHK) equation
19. · Ion channels: general biophysics
20. Action potential: generation, propagation and modulation
21. · Phases of the action potential
22. · Action potential propagation
23. Synapses: transmission and modulation mechanisms
24. · Electrical synapses: gap junctions
25. · Chemical synapse: transmission mechanism in 7 stages
26. · Short- and long-term synaptic plasticity
27. Neurotransmitters and receptors: chemical signaling systems
28. · Main neurotransmitters of the CNS
29. · Ionotropic receptors vs. metabotropic
30. Myelination, saltatory conduction and classification of nerve fibers
31. · Structure of the myelin sheath and the node of Ranvier
32. · Classification of nerve fibers
33. Spinal cord: functional organization
34. · Organization in cross sections: gray and white matter
35. · Medullary hemisection syndrome (Brown-Séquard)
36. Brain stem: organization and cranial nerves
37. · Cranial nerves and their functional organization
38. · Ascending activating reticular system (SARA)
39. Cerebellum: organization, circuits and function
40. · Anatomical and functional organization
41. · Cortical circuit of the cerebellum
42. Diencephalon: thalamus and hypothalamus
43. · Thalamus: cortical entry gate
44. · Hypothalamus: master of homeostasis and behavior
45. Telencephalon: cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and limbic system
46. · Cerebral cortex: laminar organization and functional areas
47. · Basal ganglia: motor control and reward circuits
48. · Limbic system: emotion, memory and motivation
49. CNS vascularization and blood-brain barrier
50. · Polygon (circle) of Willis and vascular territories
51. · Blood-brain barrier (BBB)
52. Cerebrospinal fluid, meninges and meningeal spaces
53. · Meninges
54. · Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
55. Neuroplasticity: mechanisms and cellular bases
56. · Forms of neuroplasticity
57. Development of the nervous system
58. · Phases of neural development
59. Highly relevant clinical correlations
60. · Excitotoxicity and neuroprotection in ischemic stroke
61. · Chanalopathies: diseases of the ion channels
62. · Neurodegenerative diseases: comparative molecular pathophysiology
63. · Dopaminergic system and neuropsychiatry