Neurosciences: Sensory Systems

Neurosciences · Basic Sciences

How it begins

Los sistemas sensoriales constituyen la interfaz fundamental entre el organismo y su entorno externo e interno. Su función esencial es capturar formas específicas de energía física o química del ambiente, transducirlas en señales electroquímicas —potenciales de acción y potenciales de receptor— y transmitirlas a través de vías neuronales jerarquizadas hasta la corteza cerebral, donde se produce la percepción…

What it covers

1. · Table of Contents
2. General Principles of Sensory Systems
3. · 1.1 Classification of Sensory Modalities
4. · 1.2 Sensory Transduction: Molecular Mechanisms
5. · 1.3 Principles of Sensory Coding
6. · 1.4 Sensory Adaptation
7. · 1.5 Hierarchical and Topographic Organization
8. Somatosensory System
9. · 2.1 Somatosensory Receptors
10. · 2.2 Primary Afferent Fibers
11. · 2.3 The Medial Lemniscal Pathway (Dorsal Column)
12. · 2.4 The Anterolateral System
13. · 2.5 The Trigeminal Way
14. · 2.6 The Somatosensory Cortex: Laminar and Columnar Organization
15. Nociceptive System and Pain Mechanisms
16. · 3.1 Nociceptors: Types and Properties
17. · 3.2 Peripheral Sensitization and Inflammatory Soup
18. · 3.3 Processing in the Dorsal Horn: Central Sensitization
19. · 3.4 Descending Inhibitory Control of Pain
20. · 3.5 Gate Control Theory (Melzack & Wall, 1965)
21. · 3.6 Types of Pain and Clinical Correlations
22. Visual System
23. · 4.1 Ocular Optics and Image Formation
24. · 4.2 Photoreceptors: Cones and Rods
25. · 4.3 Retinal Processing
26. · 4.4 Optic Pathways: From the Optic Nerve to the Visual Cortex
27. · 4.5 Visual Cortex: Hierarchy and Processing Flows
28. Auditory System
29. · 5.1 Functional Anatomy of the Ear
30. · 5.2 The Organ of Corti and Hair Cells
31. · 5.3 The Principle of Cochlear Tonotopia
32. · 5.4 Central Auditory Pathway
33. Vestibular System
34. · 6.1 The Vestibular Labyrinth
35. · 6.2 Central Vestibular Pathway
36. Olfactory System
37. · 7.1 Olfactory Receptor Neurons (NRO)
38. · 7.2 The Olfactory Bulb and the Olfactory Cortex
39. Gustatorio System (Gusto)
40. · 8.1 Taste Buds and Receptor Cells
41. · 8.2 Gustatory Transduction Mechanisms
42. · 8.3 Central Gustative Route
43. Multisensory Integration and Plasticity
44. · 9.1 The Inverse Efficiency Rule and the Principle of Superadditivity
45. · 9.2 Bayes' Least Variance Principle (Multisensory Bayesian Integration)
46. · 9.3 Somatosensory Plasticity: Experience-Dependent Cortical Reorganization
47. · 9.4 The Thalamus as a Sensory Gate and Attentional Control
48. Clinical-Neurobiological Synthesis