General Pathology — Immunopathology, Neurodegenation and More

General Pathology · Basic Sciences

How it begins

Documento de referencia exhaustivo que cubre los mecanismos de hipersensibilidad (Gell & Coombs), autoinmunidad, microbiota, síndrome metabólico, hallmarks del envejecimiento, iatrogenia, patología ambiental, bases comunes de la neurodegenación, enfermedad de Alzheimer, enfermedad de Parkinson y metodología de la autopsia — con correlaciones clínicas, clasificaciones vigentes y evidencia actualizada.

What it covers

1. Immunopathology I — Hypersensitivity
2. · Type I — Immediate Hypersensitivity (Anaphylactic, IgE Mediated)
3. · Type II — Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity (Mediated by IgG/IgM Antibodies against Cellular Antigens)
4. · Type III — Hypersensitivity due to Immune Complexes (IC)
5. · Type IV — Delayed Hypersensitivity (DTH, T Lymphocyte Mediated)
6. Immunopathology II — Autoimmunity
7. · Immunological Tolerance: Central and Peripheral Mechanisms
8. · Tolerance Breaking Mechanisms
9. · SLE: Systemic Autoimmune Disease Prototype
10. · Spectrum of Autoimmune Diseases: Organ-Specific vs. Systemic
11. · Rheumatoid Arthritis: Molecular Physiopathology
12. Microbiota — Composition, Function and Dysbiosis
13. · Composition of the Intestinal Microbiome
14. · Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA): The Language of the Microbiome
15. · Gut-Brain Axis
16. · Dysbiosis and Associated Diseases
17. Metabolic Syndrome
18. · Pathophysiology: Insulin Resistance as a Central Link
19. · NAFLD / NASH: From Fatty Liver to Cirrhosis
20. Aging — Hallmarks and Biology of Senescence
21. · The 12 Hallmarks of Aging (López-Otín et al., Cell 2023)
22. · Cellular Senescence and SASP: Aging as an Inflammatory Process
23. Iatrogenesis and Malpractice — Patient Safety
24. · Taxonomy of Medical Error
25. · Model of James Reason's "Swiss Cheese"
26. · Iatrogenic Categories of Clinical Relevance
27. Environmental Pathology
28. · Physical Agents: Ionizing Radiation
29. · Heavy Metal Toxicology
30. · Smoking: The Deadliest Carcinogen
31. · Alcohol: Metabolism and Organic Toxicity
32. · Pneumoconiosis: Occupational Pulmonary Pathology
33. Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration
34. · The Concept of Proteinopathy
35. · The Prion-like Propagation Hypothesis
36. · Common Pathogenic Pathways in Neurodegeneration
37. Alzheimer's disease
38. · Neuropathology: The Defining Lesions
39. · Braak Staging for Tau Pathology (AD)
40. · Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis (Hardy and Higgins, 1992)
41. · Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease
42. · NIA-AA 2018 Diagnostic Framework: A/T/(N)
43. · Treatments: From Symptomatic to Disease Modifying
44. Parkinson's disease
45. · Neuropathology: The Substantia Nigra and Lewy Bodies
46. · Braak stages for PD (α-synuclein)
47. · Genetics of PD
48. · MDS 2015 Diagnostic Criteria (Movement Disorder Society)
49. · Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Treatment
50. Autopsy — Types, Technique and Legal Framework
51. · Types of Autopsy
52. · Autopsy Techniques
53. · Systematic Protocol for the Complete Clinical Autopsy
54. · Perinatal Autopsy
55. · Virtual Autopsy (Virtopsy)