Myelodysplastic Syndromes · Internal Medicine

Internal Medicine · Clinical Specialties

How it begins

Compendio experto de los síndromes mielodisplásicos (SMD): patogenia molecular, clasificación OMS 2022, sistemas de estratificación pronóstica (IPSS-R e IPSS-M), y el arsenal terapéutico completo — desde el soporte transfusional hasta el trasplante alogénico y las nuevas terapias moleculares.

What it covers

1. Introduction and Epidemiology
2. · Natural History and Clinical Course
3. Molecular Pathogenesis of MDS
4. · 1. Epigenetic Modifiers (the most frequent)
5. · 2. Pre-mRNA Splicing Factors (specific for MDS)
6. · 3. Transcription Factors and Tumor Suppressors
7. · 4. Signaling of Proliferation
8. Ineffective Hematopoiesis and Dysplastic Morphology
9. · Mechanisms of Ineffective Hematopoiesis
10. · Morphological Dysplasia Criteria
11. Clinical Presentation of MDS
12. · Symptoms Related to Anemia
13. · Symptoms Related to Neutropenia and Thrombocytopenia
14. · Presentation in the Emergency Room
15. Laboratory and Hemogram in MDS
16. · Hemogram
17. · Peripheral Blood Smear
18. · Complementary Laboratory Studies
19. Bone Marrow Biopsy and Aspirate
20. · Cellularity and Architecture
21. · Blast Count
22. · Medullary Fibrosis (Myelofibrosis in MDS)
23. · ALIP (Abnormal Localization of Immature Precursors)
24. Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology
25. · Conventional Cytogenetics (G-Band Karyotype)
26. · IPSS-R Cytogenetic Classification
27. · FISH and SNP Arrays
28. · NGS Sequencing (Next Generation Sequencing)
29. WHO 2022 Classification of MDS
30. IPSS-R and IPSS-M: Prognostic Stratification
31. · IPSS-R (Revised International Prognostic Scoring System)
32. · Adjustment for Age in the IPSS-R
33. · IPSS-M: The Molecular Version
34. Support Treatment in SMD
35. · Transfusion of Concentrated Red Blood Cells (CH)
36. · Iron Chelation
37. · Platelet Transfusion
38. · Antimicrobial Prophylaxis
39. Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agents (ASE)
40. · Selection Criteria for ASE
41. · Posology
42. Luspatercept: TGF-β Superfamily Ligand Trap
43. · Indications and Efficacy
44. Lenalidomide in MDS with of the(5q)
45. · Mechanism of Action in SMD-of the(5q)
46. · Clinical Efficacy
47. · Dosage, Precautions and the Risk of TP53
48. Hypomethylating Agents (HMA): Azacitidine and Decitabine
49. · Azacytidine (5-Azacytidine, AZA)
50. · Decitabine (5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine)
51. · Prediction of Response to AHM
52. · Combinations with AHM in Clinical Trial or Approved
53. Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Transplantation (HCT)
54. · Selection Criteria for TCH
55. · Conditioning Modalities
56. · Role of AHM as a Bridge to Transplantation
57. · Post-Transplant Maintenance with AHM
58. New Therapies and Clinical Trials in MDS
59. Secondary/Therapy-Related MDS (t-MDS)
60. · Differential Diagnosis: SMD-t vs. CHIP related to treatment
61. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Algorithms
62. · Algorithm: Diagnosis of Unexplained Cytopenias in the Elderly
63. · Algorithm: Therapeutic Decision According to Risk