Endocrinological Emergencies

Endocrinological Emergencies | Internal Medicine

How it begins

Reconocimiento, fisiopatología y manejo inmediato de las emergencias hormonales: desde la cetoacidosis diabética y la crisis tirotóxica hasta la apoplejía hipofisaria y la hipercalcemia maligna.

What it covers

1. Endocrinological Emergencies
2. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
3. · 1.1 · Pathophysiology
4. · 1.2 · Classification by severity
5. · 1.3 · Clinical presentation
6. · 1.4 · Diagnosis and laboratory
7. · 1.5 · Treatment
8. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS)
9. · 2.1 · Key differences EHH vs. CAD
10. · 2.2 · Pathophysiology and clinical manifestations
11. · 2.3 · Treatment
12. Severe hypoglycemia
13. · 3.1 · Causes
14. · 3.2 · Symptoms: counterregulatory response
15. · 3.3 · Urgent treatment
16. Insulinoma and Whipple Syndrome
17. · 4.1 · Insulinoma
18. · 4.2 · Location and treatment
19. Thyrotoxic Crisis (Thyroid Storm)
20. · 5.1 · Pathophysiology
21. · 5.2 · Diagnostic criteria — Burch-Wartofsky Score (BWPS)
22. · 5.3 · Treatment — Simultaneous multitarget protocol
23. Myxedematous Coma
24. · 6.1 · Clinical manifestations
25. · 6.2 · Treatment
26. Acute Adrenal Crisis
27. · 7.1 · Recognition in Emergencies
28. · 7.2 · Emergency Protocol — Adrenal Crisis
29. Pheochromocytoma in Hypertensive Crisis
30. · 8.1 · Presentation of the crisis
31. · 8.2 · Urgent crisis management
32. Pituitary Apoplexy
33. · 9.1 · Clinical manifestations
34. · 9.2 · Immediate treatment
35. Severe hypercalcemia
36. · 10.1 · Etiology: the two causes that explain 90%
37. · 10.2 · Clinical manifestations — "Stones, Bones, Groans, Thrones and Psychic Moans"
38. · 10.3 · Treatment of severe hypercalcemia
39. Acute Hypocalcemia
40. · 11.1 · Clinical manifestations
41. · 11.2 · Urgent treatment
42. Severe hyponatremia and SIADH
43. · 12.1 · Recognition of urgency: acute vs. chronic
44. · 12.2 · Urgent treatment protocol
45. Severe Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia
46. · 13.1 · Severe hyperkalemia (K⁺ 6.5 mEq/L or with changes in ECG)
47. · 13.2 · Severe hypokalemia (K⁺ 2.5 mEq/L or with symptoms)
48. Integrated Protocols and Differential Diagnosis
49. · 14.1 · Differential diagnosis of coma in the emergency room: endocrinological perspective
50. · 14.2 · Capillary blood glucose: always the first step
51. · 14.3 · Common errors in endocrinological emergencies
52. · 14.4 · Summary of endocrinological emergencies: life-saving medications
53. · 14.5 · Universal clinical principles in endocrinological emergencies