Epistemis

Expectoration (sputum)

Specialty: Respiratory.

  • phlegm
  • sputum
  • bronchial secretion

Why it occurs

  • Bronchitis/COPD
  • Pneumonia
  • Bronchiectasis
  • Tuberculosis
  • Pulmonary edema (pink sputum)

Initial workup

Characteristics of sputum; Chest x-ray; culture/baciloscopy if chronic or purulent.

red flags

Persistent or purulent hemoptoic sputum with fever and dyspnea.

Standard management

  • Antibiotic if bacterial — according to focus and severity
  • Hydration / mucolytics — limited evidence

Educational guidance for study. It is NOT a prescription recommendation. The actual choice depends on the cause, the patient, and current guidelines.

PreviousStridor
Area
Respiratory
Listed causes
5
Treatment options
2
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