Epistemis

Orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Specialty: Cardiovascular.

  • orthopnea
  • DPN
  • choking when lying down

Why it occurs

  • Heart failure
  • Volume Overload
  • COPD/nocturnal asthma

Initial workup

Auscultation, ECG, BNP/NT-proBNP, chest X-ray, echocardiogram.

red flags

Orthopnea with edema, crackles and rapid weight gain.

Standard management

  • Asa diuretics — furosemide in congestion
  • Optimize HF treatment — ACEI/ARNI, beta blocker…

Educational guidance for study. It is NOT a prescription recommendation. The actual choice depends on the cause, the patient, and current guidelines.

PreviousPrerenal oliguria of cardiogenic cause
Area
Cardiovascular
Listed causes
3
Treatment options
2
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