Clinical Biochemistry · The Vascular Endothelium

Biochemistry · Basic Sciences

How it begins

El endotelio no es un mero revestimiento inerte, sino el órgano endocrino y paracrino más grande y dinámico del organismo. Este tratado desglosa sus vías bioquímicas , la regulación del tono vascular, la homeostasis hemostática y las implicaciones patológicas de su disfunción molecular .

What it covers

1. Endothelial ultrastructure and selective barrier
2. · Structural heterogeneity of the endothelium
3. · Endothelial junction complexes
4. · Transcellular transport (Transcytosis)
5. Biochemistry of Nitric Oxide (NO): Synthesis and cGMP cascade
6. · Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS / NOS3)
7. · Post-translational Regulation of eNOS
8. · Mechanism of action: The cGMP cascade
9. The cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway: Prostacyclin vs Thromboxane
10. · Prostacyclin Biosynthesis ($PGI_2$)
11. Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor (EDHF)
12. · Mechanism of endothelium-myocyte coupling
13. Endothelin System: Synthesis, receptors and signaling
14. · Endothelin-1 (ET-1) Biosynthetic Pathway
15. · Endothelin Receptors and Transducer Mechanism
16. Surface Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System: ECA and ECA2
17. · Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE / CD143)
18. · The counterregulatory pathway: ACE2 and Angiotensin-(1-7)
19. Regulation of hemostasis and fibrinolysis by the endothelium
20. · Constitutive Antithrombotic Mechanisms
21. · Regulation of the Fibrinolytic System
22. Leukocyte adhesion and endothelial inflammation
23. · The sequential cascade of leukocyte extravasation
24. Angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and growth factors (VEGF)
25. · VEGF-R2 receptor signaling
26. · Hair sprout mechanism: "Tip" cell versus "Stalk" cell
27. The Endothelial Glycocalyx: Composition and mechanotransduction
28. · Macromolecular composition of the Glycocalyx
29. · Mechanotransduction: The Glycocalyx as a shear sensor
30. Endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress
31. · Mechanisms of generation of Vascular Oxidative Stress
32. · The phenomenon of eNOS Uncoupling (eNOS Uncoupling)
33. Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis and lipid recruitment
34. · Importance of the hemodynamic profile: Laminar vs. Turbulent Flow
35. · The temporal progression of the atherosclerotic lesion
36. Thrombotic microangiopathies and sepsis
37. · Molecular Mechanisms of the main MAT
38. · Immunoendothelial dysfunction in Sepsis and ARDS
39. Hypertension, vascular remodeling and preeclampsia
40. · Mechanism of remodeling and vascular stiffness
41. · Biochemistry of Preeclampsia: The angiogenic imbalance
42. Clinical biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction
43. · Main plasma and urinary biomarkers
44. Endothelial Pharmacology: Statins, ACEIs and cGMP modulators
45. · Pleiotropic Effects of Statins
46. · Modulators of the cGMP and nitric oxide pathway
47. Synthesis: Atlas of targets and molecular interactions of the endothelium