Clinical Biochemistry: Prediction of Cardiovascular Risk

Biochemistry · Basic Sciences

How it begins

Análisis exhaustivo y de alta resolución analítica sobre los biomarcadores lipídicos, inflamatorios, genéticos y hemodinámicos aplicados a la estratificación y manejo terapéutico de la enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica.

What it covers

1. Structure and Biophysical Classification of Lipoproteins
2. Dynamics of Plasma Lipid Metabolic Pathways
3. · The Exogenous Route (Enterohepatic)
4. · The Endogenous Way
5. Reverse Cholesterol Transport and HDL Biology
6. Pathophysiology of Atherosclerotic Plaque
7. Classic Lipid Profile: Cholesterol, Triglycerides and HDL-c
8. · Total Cholesterol (TC)
9. · Triglycerides (TG)
10. · High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-c)
11. Analytical Stratification of LDL: Mathematical Estimation vs. Direct Measurement
12. · Classical Friedewald Equation (1972)
13. · Martin-Hopkins Adaptive Equation (2013)
14. · Sampson equation (2020)
15. Non-HDL Cholesterol and Remnant Lipoprotein Cholesterol
16. · Non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-c)
17. · Remnant Lipoprotein Cholesterol (c-RLP)
18. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB): Immunological Determination and Clinical Advantage
19. · ApoB-100 vs. ApoB-48: Biogenesis and Distribution
20. · Analytical Quantification Methods
21. Apolipoprotein A-I and the ApoB/ApoA-I Ratio
22. Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)]: An Independent Genetic Risk Factor
23. · Tripartite Pathogenicity Mechanism
24. · Standardization and Measurement Challenges
25. High Sensitivity C Reactive Protein (hs-CRP)
26. · Kinetics and Biochemical Regulation
27. · Analytical Differentiation: conventional PCR versus hs-PCR
28. Plaque Destabilizing Enzymes: Lp-PLA2 and Myeloperoxidase
29. · Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2)
30. · Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
31. Soluble Adhesion Molecules and Hyperhomocysteinemia
32. · Soluble Adhesion Molecules
33. · Hyperhomocysteinemia
34. High Sensitivity Cardiac Troponins (hs-cTn): Its role in long-term prediction
35. · Analytical Definition of "High Sensitivity"
36. Natriuretic Peptides (BNP and NT-proBNP) in Cardiovascular Prediction
37. · Biogenesis and Molecular Synthesis
38. · Risk Stratification and Subclinical Heart Failure
39. Markers of Myocardial Fibrosis and Remodeling: sST2 and Galectin-3
40. · ST2 soluble (sST2)
41. · Galectin-3
42. The Cardiorenal Axis: Kidney Function and Urinary Albumin
43. · Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) using Creatinine and Cystatin C
44. · Microalbuminuria and Urinary Albumin/Creatinine Ratio (UACR)
45. Family Hypercholesterolemia (FH): Molecular Diagnosis
46. · Genetic Bases and Driver Mutations
47. Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS)
48. Pharmacogenomics Applied to Cardiovascular Therapeutics
49. · Clopidogrel Metabolism and CYP2C19 Variants
50. · Pharmacogenetics of Statins and Myopathy associated with SLCO1B1
51. Mathematical Risk Prediction Models: SCORE2 and ASCVD
52. · European SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP Model (2021)
53. · ASCVD Grouped Cohort Equations (AHA/ACC)
54. Preanalytical, Analytical and Intraindividual Variables
55. · Effect of Fasting against the Postprandial State
56. · Intraindividual Biological Variability and Critical Difference (RCV)
57. Coronary Calcium and Risk Reclassification Strategies (CAC)
58. · The Coronary Calcium Scale (Agatston Score)
59. Advanced Pharmacological Modulators: PCSK9 Inhibition
60. · Molecular Physiology of the PCSK9-LDLR Axis
61. · Innovative Therapeutic Approaches
62. New Therapeutic Frontiers and Gene Silencing
63. · ANGPTL3 inhibition: Evinacumab
64. · APOC3 silencing: Volanesorsen and Olezarsen
65. · Pelacarsen: Antisense Oligonucleotide against Lp(a)