CNS Demyelinating Diseases

Demyelinating CNS Diseases — Expert Level Reference

How it begins

Del oligodendrocito y la arquitectura molecular del nódulo de Ranvier a la placa, el brote y la progresión silente. Esclerosis múltiple, neuromielitis óptica, MOGAD, encefalomielitis aguda diseminada y las desmielinizaciones metabólico-tóxicas e infecciosas, con su biología, inmunopatología, criterios diagnósticos detallados, neuroimagen, líquido cefalorraquídeo, biomarcadores y el arsenal terapéutico moderno…

What it covers

1. Concept, terminology and classification of demyelinating diseases
2. · Operational etiopathogenic classification
3. · An essential historical note
4. Myelin: cell biology, biochemistry and the architecture of the node of Ranvier
5. · The oligodendrocyte versus the Schwann cell
6. · Biochemistry: lipids and proteins of central myelin
7. · The molecular architecture of the node of Ranvier
8. · Myelin as trophic support of the axon
9. Pathophysiology of demyelination, conduction block and remyelination
10. · From healthy fiber to clinical deficit
11. · Clinical correlates of altered physiology
12. · Remyelination: why it exists and why it fails
13. Multiple sclerosis: epidemiology
14. · Distribution by age, sex and time
15. · The latitudinal gradient and migration studies
16. Etiology and risk factors of multiple sclerosis
17. · Genetic susceptibility
18. · Environmental factors
19. Immunopathology of multiple sclerosis
20. · The immunological cascade: from outside to inside the CNS
21. · Lassmann-Lucchinetti patterns
22. Neuropathology: plaque and gray matter pathology
23. · Classification of plates according to their activity
24. · The revolution in gray matter pathology
25. Clinical manifestations: the topographic syndromes of the outbreak
26. · Optic neuritis
27. · Myelitis (partial)
28. · Brainstem and cranial nerve syndromes
29. · Cerebellar syndromes
30. Symptoms throughout the disease: fatigue, cognition, mood and paroxysmal phenomena
31. · Fatigue
32. · Cognitive impairment
33. · Psychiatric symptoms
34. · Bladder, intestinal and sexual dysfunction
35. · Pain, spasticity and paroxysmal phenomena
36. Phenotypes and evolutionary course
37. · From subclinical risk to progressive forms
38. · Disability measurement and prognosis
39. Diagnosis: McDonald's criteria
40. · Operational definitions
41. · The contribution of oligoclonal bands (McDonald 2017)
42. · Diagnostic scenarios according to clinical presentation
43. Complementary tests: MRI, cerebrospinal fluid, evoked potentials and OCT
44. · Magnetic resonance: the paraclinical pillar
45. · Cerebrospinal fluid
46. · Evoked potentials and optical coherence tomography
47. · Biomarkers in blood
48. Differential diagnosis and red flags
49. · Main imitators (“MS mimics”)
50. Treatment of acute outbreak
51. · Corticosteroids at high doses
52. · Plasmapheresis and rescue options
53. Disease-modifying therapies (TME/DMT)
54. · Pharmacological overview
55. · Screening, monitoring and the threat of PML
56. Symptomatic treatment and rehabilitation
57. · Management by symptoms
58. Special situations: pregnancy, pediatric MS, vaccination and comorbidity
59. · MS and pregnancy
60. · Pediatric MS
61. · Vaccination and immunization
62. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD)
63. · Immunopathology
64. · Cardinal clinical syndromes
65. · Diagnosis (international criteria 2015)
66. Anti-MOG antibody disease (MOGAD)
67. · Clinical phenotypes according to age
68. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and post-infectious demyelination
69. · Clinical and differential features
70. Focal demyelinating syndromes and variants of multiple sclerosis
71. · "Isolated" demyelinating syndromes
72. · Fulminant and atypical variants of MS
73. Metabolic, toxic and infectious demyelination
74. · Osmotic demyelination syndrome (myelinolysis)
75. · Other non-immune acquired demyelination
76. Diagnostic integration and demyelinating emergencies
77. · Mental approximation algorithm
78. · Comparison of the three major immune-mediated entities
79. · Demyelinating emergencies that do not allow delay