Internal Medicine — Adrenal Pathology

Internal Medicine · Clinical Specialties

How it begins

Insuficiencia suprarrenal, síndrome de Cushing, hiperaldosteronismo primario, feocromocitoma, hiperplasia congénita, incidentaloma y tumores malignos adrenales.

What it covers

1. Anatomy and physiology of the adrenal gland
2. · Adrenal cortex — Three areas with different hormones
3. · Adrenal medulla
4. Steroid hormone synthesis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
5. · Adrenal steroidogenesis
6. · The HPA axis and cortisol regulation
7. · The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
8. Primary adrenal insufficiency: Addison's disease
9. · Etiology
10. · Clinical manifestations of primary ISR
11. Secondary and tertiary ISR: central cortisol deficiency
12. Adrenal crisis: endocrine emergency
13. · Precipitating factors of adrenal crisis
14. · Clinic and treatment of adrenal crisis
15. Diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency
16. · Diagnostic algorithm
17. · Chronic SRI replacement therapy
18. Cushing syndrome: pathophysiology and clinical presentation
19. · Etiopathogenic classification
20. · Clinical manifestations of Cushing's syndrome
21. Diagnosis of Cushing syndrome: three-stage algorithm
22. · Stage 1 — Demonstration of hypercortisolism
23. · Stage 2 — Determination of ACTH dependence
24. · Stage 3 — Location in the ACTH-dependent (pituitary vs. ectopic differentiation)
25. Treatment of Cushing's syndrome
26. · Treatment by etiology
27. · Steroidogenesis inhibitor drugs
28. Primary hyperaldosteronism (PAH): Conn syndrome and variants
29. · Etiology
30. · Diagnosis of PAH — Three stages
31. · Treatment of PAH
32. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: the tumor of hypertensive crises
33. · The "rule of 10" (updated)
34. · Clinical presentation
35. · Biochemical diagnosis and imaging
36. · Treatment
37. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH): 21-hydroxylase deficiency
38. · Pathophysiology of 21-hydroxylase deficiency
39. · Treatment of CAH due to 21-OHase deficiency
40. Adrenal incidentaloma: evaluation and management criteria
41. · Evaluation of adrenal incidentaloma
42. · Surgical criteria in incidentaloma
43. Adrenocortical carcinoma (AAC)
44. · Diagnostic and staging characteristics
45. · Treatment of CAC
46. Clinical correlations and highly complex differential diagnosis
47. · Hypokalemia of endocrine cause — Differential diagnosis
48. · Resistant HTN of endocrine etiology — When to suspect and study
49. · Differential diagnosis of "pseudo-Cushing"