Major Neurological Syndromes

Major Neurological Syndromes — Expert Level Reference

How it begins

Los patrones sindrómicos cardinales con que la enfermedad neurológica se presenta ante el internista: conciencia, HTIC, meningitis, ictus, crisis, delirium, encefalopatías, síndromes motores, sensitivos, medulares, neuromusculares, de pares craneales, vestibulares, corticales, demencia y cefalea — con pruebas complementarias e integración diagnóstica.

What it covers

1. The concept of major neurological syndrome
2. · The temporal profile as the axis of reasoning
3. Altered consciousness and coma syndrome
4. · Clinical gradation of level of consciousness
5. · Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
6. · Examination of the comatose patient: signs of location of the trunk
7. · Structural comma vs. toxic-metabolic
8. · Systematic approach to coma of unknown cause
9. · FOUR scale and limitations of the GCS
10. · Prognosis of coma and brain death
11. Intracranial hypertension syndrome
12. · Clinical manifestations
13. · Brain herniation syndromes
14. · Management of HTIC and correlation with etiologies
15. Meningeal syndrome
16. · Exploration: signs of meningeal irritation
17. · CSF analysis: the diagnostic key
18. · Etiological correlation and management
19. · Encephalitis: when the parenchyma becomes inflamed
20. · Subarachnoid hemorrhage as meningeal syndrome
21. Cerebrovascular syndrome (stroke)
22. · Pathophysiology: ischemic penumbra
23. · Etiological classification of ischemic stroke (TOAST)
24. · Vascular topographic syndromes
25. · Hemorrhagic stroke
26. · Acute management and therapeutic correlation
27. · Classic brainstem syndromes (alternating syndromes)
28. · NIHSS scale and quantification of the deficit
29. · Oxford Clinical Classification (Bamford / OCSP)
30. Convulsive syndrome and status epilepticus
31. · Classification of crises (ILAE)
32. · Differential diagnosis: the great trap of syncope
33. · Acute symptomatic crises: the internist approach
34. · The postcritical period and Todd's paralysis
35. · Study of the first crisis and considerations of chronic management
36. Acute confusional syndrome (delirium)
37. · Clinical subtypes
38. · Delirium vs. dementia: the critical distinction
39. · Etiology: the predisposing-precipitating model
40. · Management
41. Encephalopathic and dysautonomic syndromes
42. · Major metabolic and toxic encephalopathies
43. · Dysautonomic syndromes
44. Pyramidal syndrome: upper motor neuron vs. lower
45. · Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: the paradigmatic mixed syndrome
46. · Addressing weakness: locating the level
47. Extrapyramidal and cerebellar syndromes
48. · Extrapyramidal syndromes
49. · Cerebellar syndrome
50. Spinal cord syndrome
51. · Topographic spinal syndromes
52. Neuromuscular syndrome (PNS, junction and muscle)
53. · Polyneuropathy and Guillain-Barré syndrome
54. · Neuromuscular junction disorders
55. · Myopathies
56. Sensitive syndromes
57. · Topographic patterns of sensory deficit
58. · Semiology of neuropathic pain
59. Cranial nerve and brainstem syndromes
60. · Oculomotor and gaze syndromes
61. · Facial paralysis: central vs. peripheral
62. · Low torques and skull base syndromes
63. Vestibular syndrome and vertigo
64. · The great peripheral causes
65. Cortical syndromes and aphasias
66. · Brain lobes and their syndromes
67. · Classification of aphasias
68. Dementia syndrome
69. · Etiological classification of dementia
70. · Reversible dementias: the obligation of the internist
71. Headache syndrome
72. · Primary headaches
73. · Secondary alarm headaches
74. Complementary tests in neurological syndromes
75. · Neuroimaging: CT vs. RM
76. · Lumbar puncture and CSF analysis
77. · Neurophysiology
78. Diagnostic integration and synthesis
79. · Syndromic decision map
80. · The five closing principles