Anorectal abscess Purulent collection located in the anatomical spaces surrounding the rectum and anal canal, originating in a cryptoglandular manner after obstruction of the anal glands.

Also: deep perianal suppuration · cryptoglandular perianal phlegmon · anal pericolic abscess

Ampulla of Vater abscess Purulent collection located in the biliary and pancreatic confluence of the duodenum, frequently secondary to stone obstruction or periampullary tumor.

Also: periampullary abscess · duodenal suppuration of the blister · from the ampoule of Vater

Ischiorectal abscess Deep and painful purulent collection located in the ischioanal fossa, which typically spreads easily through the deep anatomical perianal spaces.

Also: of suppurated ischioanal fossa · deep perianal fossa · of ischiorectal abscess

Dehydrocholic acid Synthetic bile acid used for its choleretic properties to increase the volume of bile secretion and facilitate the emptying of the bile ducts.

Also: dehydrocholate · dehydrocholic synthetic biliary · biliary dehydrocolic

Obeticholic acid Potent and selective agonist of the farnesoid X receptor that inhibits the synthesis of bile acids and promotes their bile clearance, reducing hepatotoxicity.

Also: by FXR · obeticholic acid for cholestasis · Bile Synthesis FXR

Chenodeoxycholic acid Primary bile acid synthesized directly in the liver from cholesterol, a fundamental component of human bile for the emulsification of fats.

Also: primary biliary chenodeoxycholic · chenodeoxycholate · biliary chenodeoxycholic

Ursodeoxycholic acid Secondary bile acid of a hydrophilic nature used as a drug for the treatment of cholestatic liver diseases due to its hepatocellular protective action.

Also: AUDC · ursodeoxycholate · biliary ursodiol

Colorectal adenoma with villous architecture Epithelial neoplasia of the mucosa of the rectum or colon that associates a histological growth pattern with long villi.

Also: type colorectal villous adenoma · rectal hairy with cellular atypia

Colorectal adenoma with villous mucosa architecture Epithelial neoplasia of the mucosa that associates a histological growth pattern with long mucosal villi.

Also: colorectal villous adenoma of mucosal type · villous rectum with mucosal cellular atypia · colorectal villous adenomatous polyp of mucosa

Colorectal adenoma with villous architecture of the rectal mucosa Epithelial neoplasia of the rectal mucosa that associates a histological growth pattern with villi.

Also: colorectal villous adenoma of rectal mucosa type · villous rectum with cellular atypia rectal mucosa · colorectal villous adenomatous polyp of rectal mucosa

Colorectal adenoma with villous-type architecture of deep rectal mucosa Epithelial neoplasia of the rectal mucosa that associates a deep villous growth pattern.

Also: colorectal villous adenoma of deep rectal mucosa type · villous rectum with deep rectal mucosa cellular atypia · colorectal villous adenomatous polyp of deep rectal mucosa

Colorectal adenoma with villous architecture Epithelial neoplasia of the mucosa of the rectum or colon that associates a histological growth pattern of a digitiform type.

Also: colorectal villous adenoma · rectal hairy with dysplasia · of colorectal villous adenomatous polyp with atypia

Villous architecture adenoma Epithelial neoplasia of the colonic mucosa constituted by long finger-like projections that presents a high rate of dysplasia and potential for malignancy.

Also: of colonic villous adenoma · villous colon · rectal villous polyp

Colon adenoma with villous architecture Epithelial neoplasia of the colorectal mucosa consisting mainly of finger-like projections of stroma and epithelium with dysplasia of variable grade.

Also: of classic colonic villous adenoma · villous colon with dysplasia · rectal villous adenomatous polyp

Adenoma of the colonic mucosa of the villous type Epithelial neoplasia of the colonic mucosa characterized by a histological pattern of long, digitiform papillary projections.

Also: of rectal villous adenomatous polyp with atypia

Sessile serrated adenoma Flat or slightly raised epithelial colonic neoplasm that presents a serrated histological pattern and has the potential to progress to malignancy.

Also: sessile serrated adenoma · sessile serrated colonic · sessile serrated lesion of the colon

Villous adenoma of the colon Type of colonic adenomatous polyp characterized by digitiform or villus-like histological projections, associated with the potential for transformation.

Also: villous adenoma · of colonic villous polyp · villous adenomatous colon

Villous adenoma of the rectum with dysplasia Epithelial neoplasia of the rectal mucosa that associates a long papillary and digitiform histological growth pattern with cellular atypia.

Also: rectal villous adenoma with dysplasia · rectum hairy with atypia · of rectal villous adenomatous polyp with cellular dysplasia

Pancreatic amylase Enzyme synthesized and secreted by the exocrine pancreas into the duodenum to hydrolyze the bonds of starches and complex carbohydrates.

Also: pancreatic exocrine amylase · starch digestive · of pancreatic secretion

Ampuloma Neoplasia of variable behavior that originates in the epithelium of the ampulla of Vater or in the main duodenal papilla, obstructing bile flow.

Also: ampullary tumor · of the blister

Colon angiodysplasia Acquired degenerative vascular lesion of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by dilated and tortuous blood vessels in the mucosa and submucosa, a common cause of bleeding in the elderly.

Also: of colon angiodysplasia · senile colonic · ectatic colonic angiodysplasia

Schatzki Ring Concentric and benign mucosal narrowing located in the distal esophagus, right at the squamocolumnar junction, which causes intermittent dysphagia for solid foods.

Also: lower esophageal ring of Schatzki · distal mucosal ring · mucosal stenosis of the lower esophagus

Circular mucosal anopexia Treatment of prolapsed internal hemorrhoids by circular stapling of a band of redundant rectal mucosa above the dentate line.

Also: mechanical hemorrhoidopexy · Longo procedure · circular hemorrhoidal stapling

Aprepitant Selective high-affinity neurokinin type one receptor antagonist that centrally inhibits substance P signaling involved in emesis.

Also: of NK1 receptors · oral aprepitant · central substance P

Chylous ascites Accumulation of peritoneal fluid with a milky appearance due to the presence of extravasated lymph, characterized by a high concentration of triglycerides.

Also: milky-looking ascites · peritoneal chylocyst · chylous ascites effusion

Atrophy of gastric mucosal glands Loss of the population of parietal and principal cells in the body of the stomach due to a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory process.

Also: of histological autoimmune atrophic gastritis · of autoimmune gastric atrophy with gastritis · of chronic atrophic gastritis type A

Villus atrophy due to gluten enteropathy Flattening of the duodenal mucosa with crypt hyperplasia due to inflammatory immune response to gluten.

Also: villus atrophy due to celiac disease enteropathy · due to gluten-sensitive enteropathy of atrophy

Villus atrophy due to celiac sprue Flattening of the mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum with intraepithelial lymphoid infiltration due to gluten ingestion.

Also: of celiac disease with atrophy · classical celiac villous atrophy · due to atrophic gluten enteropathy

Villus atrophy due to tropical sprue Alteration of the mucosa of the small intestine with loss of villi caused by a chronic infection acquired in regions with a warm climate.

Also: of tropical sprue with atrophy · of tropical atrophic enteropathy · malabsorption due to tropical sprue

Gastric glandular atrophy of autoimmune cause Destruction of the oxyntic glands of the body and fundus of the stomach mediated by autoantibodies against parietal cells.

Also: of classic autoimmune atrophic gastritis · type A gastritis with atrophy · of autoimmune gastric atrophy

Mucosal atrophy due to celiac disease in adults Severe histological alteration characterized by flattening of the small intestine mucosa with crypt hyperplasia due to gluten intolerance.

Also: adult celiac villus atrophy · mucosa due to gluten-sensitive enteropathy · atrophic celiac disease

Villous mucosal atrophy due to celiac sprue Flattening of the villi and crypt hyperplasia in the duodenum due to an immune response to gluten.

Also: of celiac disease with villous atrophy · villus atrophy due to celiac disease · due to gluten-sensitive enteropathy

Villous atrophy due to celiac disease Loss of normal height and structure of the villi of the small intestine mucosa due to the inflammatory response induced by gluten.

Also: of celiac mucosal atrophy · destruction of villi by gluten · celiac villus atrophy

Villous atrophy due to gluten enteropathy in adults Flattening of the duodenal mucosa with crypt hyperplasia due to immune response in adult patients with celiac disease.

Also: adult celiac disease with atrophy · of villus atrophy due to celiac disease in adults · due to gluten-sensitive enteropathy in adults

Villous atrophy due to gluten enteropathy in adults with celiac disease Flattening of the duodenal mucosa with crypt hyperplasia due to immune response to gluten in adults.

Also: adult celiac disease with villous atrophy · of villus atrophy due to celiac disease in adults · due to gluten-sensitive enteropathy in adults with celiac disease

Villous atrophy due to gluten enteropathy in adults with celiac colon Flattening of the duodenal mucosa with crypt hyperplasia due to immune response to gluten in adults.

Also: adult celiac disease with colon villous atrophy · villus atrophy due to celiac disease in adults of the colon · due to gluten-sensitive enteropathy in adults with celiac colon

Villous atrophy due to gluten enteropathy in adults with celiac disease of the small intestine Flattening of the duodenal mucosa with crypt hyperplasia due to immune response to gluten in adults with celiac disease.

Also: of celiac disease in adults with villous atrophy of the small intestine · of villus atrophy due to celiac disease in adults of the small intestine · due to gluten-sensitive enteropathy in adults with celiac disease of the small intestine

Bacterascytis Presence of bacteria in the ascitic fluid culture in the absence of a systemic inflammatory response or a significant increase in peritoneal neutrophils.

Also: bacterial colonization of ascites · non-neutrophilic monomicrobial bacteriacitis · positive culture of ascites without peritonitis

Posterior pharyngeal pulsion pouch Mucosal herniation that occurs at the level of the posterior wall of the hypopharynx due to the lack of coordination of the cricopharyngeal muscle during swallowing.

Also: of classic Zenker diverticulum · post by Zenker · Killian's posterior pharyngeal

Zenker's pharyngoesophageal pouch Inpulsion herniation of the mucosa and submucosa through the area of least resistance of the posterior wall of the pharynx, located above the cricopharyngeus muscle.

Also: Zenker's pharyngoesophageal diverticulum · Killian's pharyngeal pouch · posterior pharyngeal herniation

Congenital Meckel's ileal pouch Congenital anomaly consisting of a blind sac located in the distal ileum, caused by incomplete obliteration of the omphalomesenteric duct during fetal development.

Also: Meckel's diverticulum · Meckel's ileal sac · remnant of the vitelline duct

Fecal calprotectin Protein complex that binds calcium and zinc secreted by neutrophils, used in feces as a specific marker of inflammation of the intestinal mucosa.

Also: calprotectin in feces · fecal inflammatory · calprotectin

Portal Cavernoma Collateral network of tortuous and dilated venous vessels that forms around a chronically obstructed portal vein in an attempt to permeabilize portal flow to the liver.

Also: of portal cavernoma · of periportal collaterals · cavernomatous transformation of the portal

Intestinal Cajal cell Specialized interstitial cell of the gastrointestinal tract that acts as a natural pacemaker for the generation of slow electrical waves of muscle contraction.

Also: interstitial cell of Cajal · intestinal motor pacemaker · of slow digestive waves

Gastric parietal cell Highly specialized epithelial cell located in the oxyntic glands of the stomach responsible for the synthesis of hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.

Also: oxyntic cell · secretor of hydrochloric acid · gastric intrinsic factor

Main cell of the gastric mucosa Glandular cell that secretes pepsinogen and gastric lipase in response to vagal and hormonal stimulation during protein digestion.

Also: gastric zymogenic cell · from gastric pepsinogen · of the gastric mucosa

Cinitapride Prokinetic drug, agonist of type four serotonergic receptors and antagonist of type two receptor, which increases the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter.

Also: cinitapride tartrate · serotonergic prokinetic · gastroesophageal motility

Splanchnic circulation Vascular network that irrigates the stomach, intestines, spleen and liver, whose blood finally drains through the hepatic portal circulation.

Also: splanchnic · arterial gastrointestinal · splanchnic artery

Pancreatic serous cystadenoma Benign cystic neoplasia of the pancreas characterized histologically by multiple microcysts filled with clear fluid and cells rich in glycogen.

Also: serous cystic tumor of the pancreas · benign pancreatic microcyst · clear cell pancreatic

Primary biliary cholangitis Chronic cholestatic liver disease of autoimmune etiology characterized by the progressive destruction of the interlobular bile ducts, associated with the presence of circulating antimitochondrial antibodies.

Also: primary biliary cirrhosis · CBP · chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis

Autoimmune destructive cholangitis Chronic inflammatory destruction of interlobular bile ducts mediated by autoreactive T lymphocytes in the context of primary biliary cholangitis.

Also: of active primary biliary cholangitis · biliary destructive autoimmune · destructive autoimmune cholangiopathy

Primary sclerosing cholangitis Chronic cholestatic disease characterized by inflammatory and fibrosing processes that lead to stenosis and obliteration of medium and large caliber bile ducts.

Also: CEP · sclerosing fibrosing cholangitis · multifocal idiopathic biliary stricture

Chronic peripancreatic fluid collection Localized collection of amylase-rich fluid and necrotic debris surrounded by a wall of granulation and fibrosis tissue, lacking an epithelial lining.

Also: pancreatic pseudocyst · pancreatic pseudocyst · organized peripancreatic collection

Amebic liver necrotizing collection Focal lesion of the liver parenchyma characterized by liquefaction tissue necrosis caused by the invasion of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites from the colonic mucosa.

Also: amoebic liver abscess · suppurative hepatic amoeboma · hepatic necrosis due to amoebae

Post-pancreatitis organized collection Accumulation of necrotic debris and fluids that is delimited by a wall of fibrous tissue weeks after an inflammatory process of the pancreas.

Also: of organized pancreatic pseudocyst · pancreatic encapsulated liquid collection · pseudocystic pancreas

Pyogenic liver purulent collection Localized accumulation of pus in the liver parenchyma secondary to a bacterial infection spread through the bile ducts, portal circulation or hepatic artery.

Also: pyogenic liver abscess · bacterial liver suppuration · bacterial liver abscess

Subdiaphragmatic purulent collection Localized accumulation of pus in the anatomical space between the lower surface of the diaphragm and the upper surface of the liver or spleen.

Also: subphrenic abscess · subdiaphragmatic abscess · subphrenic empyema

Total colectomy with ileoanal anastomosis Intervention that involves the removal of the entire colon and rectum, reestablishing intestinal transit through direct union of the distal ileum to the anus.

Also: restorative proctocolectomy · direct ileoanal anastomosis · total restorative colectomy

Choledococele Segmental cystic dilation of the distal end of the common bile duct located within the wall of the duodenum, classified as type three common bile duct cyst.

Also: intraampullary choledochal cyst · duodenal choledochocele · intraduodenal biliary

Colesevelam High affinity non-absorbable bile acid binding polymer used to treat bile acid malabsorption and reduce LDL cholesterol.

Also: of second generation bile acids · colesevelam hydrochloride · of bile salts

Endorectal advancement flap Sphincter preservation surgical technique used for complex fistulas in which a flap of rectal mucosa is mobilized to cover the internal fistulous orifice.

Also: endorectal mucosal flap · anal sliding flap · advance endorectal flap

Mucosal sliding flap for anal fistula Reconstructive procedure that uses a rectal mucosa flap to occlude the internal os of a complex anorectal fistula.

Also: of endorectal advancement flap · anal advancement mucosa · anal mucosal advancement flap

Collagenous colitis Variant of microscopic colitis characterized clinically by chronic watery diarrhea and histologically by thickening of the subepithelial collagen band.

Also: of collagenous colitis · microscopic collagen type · watery diarrhea with colonic collagenosis

Diffuse continuous mucosal colitis Inflammatory process that affects the mucosa of the colon uninterruptedly from the rectum, characteristic of the active phases of ulcerative colitis.

Also: of continuous active ulcerative colitis · of diffuse colon mucosa involvement · of classic ulcerative colitis

Ischemic colitis Inflammatory process of the colon secondary to a temporary deprivation of blood flow, which predominantly affects the vascular basin territories such as the splenic flexure and the rectosigmoid junction.

Also: colitis due to low vascular flow · transient colonic ischemia · segmental colonic infarction

Lymphocytic colitis Type of microscopic colitis defined by an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes in the colon mucosa, presenting with persistent watery diarrhea.

Also: of lymphocytic colitis · microscopic lymphocytic type · lymphocytic colonic mucosa

ulcerative colitis Chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by diffuse, continuous and limited involvement of the mucosa and submucosa of the colon, which extends uniformly from the rectum proximally.

Also: chronic ulcerative colitis · ulcerative proctocolitis · diffuse colonic mucosal inflammation

Intestinal migratory motor complex Cyclic and coordinated pattern of electromechanical motor activity observed in the stomach and small intestine during periods of fasting that cleans the tract of debris.

Also: MMC · intestinal fasting · interdigestive cleansing

Pathological enterocutaneous communication Abnormal connection between the lumen of the small intestine and the skin of the abdominal wall that causes the loss of digestive fluids and electrolytes.

Also: of enterocutaneous fistula · external intestinal communication · post-surgical enterocutaneous tract

Passive hepatic congestion due to venous stasis Alteration of the parenchyma characterized by blood stasis in the hepatic sinusoids secondary to right heart failure.

Also: chronic parenchymal stasis liver · of passive hepatic congestion

Hepatic sinusoidal congestion due to venous stasis Alteration of the liver parenchyma characterized by dilation of the sinusoids and congestion due to right heart failure.

Also: acute stasis liver · congestive liver due to right heart failure · of sinusoidal congestion due to stasis

Hepatic sinusoidal congestion due to heart failure Alteration of the parenchyma characterized by sinusoidal stasis secondary to failure of the right chamber pump.

Also: liver stasis due to heart failure · congestive liver due to right insufficiency · hepatic sinusoidal congestion due to heart failure

Hepatic sinusoidal congestion due to right heart failure Alteration of the parenchyma characterized by sinusoidal stasis secondary to right pump failure.

Also: liver stasis due to right insufficiency · hepatic congestive disease due to right sinusoid insufficiency · hepatic sinusoidal congestion due to right failure

Hepatic sinusoidal congestion due to congestive right heart failure Alteration of the parenchyma characterized by sinusoidal stasis secondary to right congestive failure.

Also: liver stasis due to congestive right insufficiency · hepatic congestive disease due to right congestive sinusoid insufficiency · hepatic sinusoidal congestion due to right congestive failure

Hepatic sinusoidal congestion due to systemic congestive right heart failure Alteration of the parenchyma characterized by sinusoidal stasis secondary to systemic pump failure.

Also: liver stasis due to systemic congestive right insufficiency · hepatic congestive disease due to right systemic congestive sinusoid insufficiency · hepatic sinusoidal congestion due to right systemic congestive failure

Exocrine pancreatic enzyme deficiency Inability of the pancreas to secrete sufficient amounts of digestive enzymes into the duodenum, causing maldigestion, steatorrhea, and weight loss.

Also: exocrine pancreatic insufficiency · IPE · exocrine failure of the pancreas

Barogenic esophageal tear Complete, transmural rupture of the wall of the distal esophagus caused by an extreme increase in intraluminal pressure during vomiting or straining.

Also: by Boerhaave classical · Boerhaave esophageal perforation · transmural rupture of the esophagus due to pressure

Watery diarrhea due to chronic lymphocytic colitis Chronic liquid stools histologically associated with lymphocyte infiltration in the epithelium of the colonic mucosa.

Also: of lymphocytic colitis symptomatic of diarrhea · watery diarrhea due to lymphocytic colitis · chronic watery lymphocytic colitis of diarrhea

Watery diarrhea due to microscopic colitis Clinical syndrome characterized by abundant and chronic liquid stools without macroscopic structural alterations detectable in colonoscopy.

Also: diarrhea due to microscopic colitis · aqueous collagenous or lymphocytic colitis · functional liquid chronicle

Watery diarrhea due to collagenous colitis Chronic liquid stools that are histologically associated with a thick band of collagen beneath the colon epithelium.

Also: of collagenous colitis symptomatic of diarrhea · watery diarrhea due to collagenous colitis · chronic aqueous collagenous colitis

Chronic diarrhea due to lymphocytic colitis Persistent watery stools that histologically present a high number of lymphocytes in the colonic epithelium.

Also: of symptomatic lymphocytic colitis · diarrhea due to lymphocytic colitis · chronic aqueous due to lymphocytic colitis

Watery diarrhea due to chronic collagenous colitis Persistent liquid stools associated with thickening of the collagen band beneath the colon epithelium.

Also: of collagenous colitis of chronic diarrhea · watery diarrhea due to chronic collagenous colitis · chronic aqueous due to collagenous deposition colitis

Watery diarrhea due to chronic colonic collagenous colitis Liquid stools histologically associated with a collagen band beneath the colon epithelium.

Also: colonic collagen colitis diarrhea · watery diarrhea due to chronic colonic collagenous colitis · chronic aqueous due to collagenous colitis of the colon

Liquid diarrhea due to chronic collagenous colonic mucosal colitis Liquid stools histologically associated with a collagen band beneath the colonic mucosa.

Also: colonic collagen colitis mucosal diarrhea · watery diarrhea due to chronic collagenous colonic mucosal colitis · chronic aqueous due to collagenous colitis of the colon mucosa

Watery diarrhea due to deep mucosal colonic chronic collagenous colitis Liquid stools histologically associated with a band of subepithelial collagen of the deep colonic mucosa.

Also: colonic collagenous colitis deep mucosal diarrhea · watery diarrhea due to deep mucosal colonic chronic collagenous colitis · chronic aqueous due to collagenous colitis of the deep mucosal colon

Chronic liquid diarrhea due to collagenous colitis Persistent watery stools histologically associated with thickening of the subepithelial collagen band in the colonic mucosa.

Also: of symptomatic collagenous colitis · diarrhea due to collagenous colitis · chronic watery collagen cause

Diarrhea due to malabsorption of bile salts Watery stools caused by the osmotic and secretory effect of bile acids not absorbed in the colon due to dysfunction of the terminal ileum.

Also: of choleretic diarrhea · by bile acids · of choleretic enteropathy due to bile salts

Diarrhea due to malabsorption of bile salts in the colon Watery stools and colonic mucosal irritation caused by the passage of non-reabsorbed bile acids in the terminal ileum.

Also: of idiopathic choleretic diarrhea · choleretics due to bile salts · of bile acid malabsorption in the colon

Colonic dilation by Ogilvie Massive distention of the colon of functional cause without evidence of a mechanical injury that obstructs transit, associated with systemic dysautonomia.

Also: by Ogilvie de colon · Ogilvie's colonic pseudo-obstruction · of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction

Congenital dilation of the common bile duct Developmental anomaly characterized by cystic and segmental dilation of the bile ducts of congenital origin.

Also: congenital classic choledochal cyst · of cystic common bile duct of congenital origin · congenital biliary malformation due to cyst

Common bile duct dilation due to congenital cyst Anomaly of the development of the bile ducts that consists of cystic and segmental dilation of the extrahepatic common bile duct.

Also: of classic choledochal cyst · of congenital cystic common bile duct · of common bile duct biliary malformation

Common bile duct dilation due to common bile duct cyst Biliary malformation characterized by cystic and segmental dilation of the bile ducts of congenital origin.

Also: of classical dilation choledochal cyst · of biliary cystic common bile duct · of biliary malformation due to choledochal cyst

Dilatation of common bile duct due to congenital cyst Developmental anomaly characterized by cystic and segmental dilation of the extrahepatic bile ducts.

Also: of choledochal cyst of congenital origin · cystic common bile duct of congenital cause · congenital biliary malformation due to choledochal cyst

Dilatation of common bile duct due to congenital biliary cyst Developmental anomaly characterized by cystic dilation of the extrahepatic bile ducts of congenital origin.

Also: of choledochal cyst of congenital biliary origin · of cystic common bile duct of congenital biliary cause · congenital biliary malformation due to cyst

Dilatation of the common bile duct due to a congenital extrahepatic biliary cyst Developmental anomaly characterized by cystic dilation of the bile ducts of extrahepatic origin.

Also: of choledochal cyst of congenital extrahepatic biliary origin · of cystic common bile duct of congenital extrahepatic biliary cause · congenital biliary malformation due to extrahepatic cyst

Dilation of common bile duct due to progressive extrahepatic congenital biliary cyst Developmental anomaly characterized by extrahepatic cystic dilation of progressive origin.

Also: of progressive choledochal cyst of congenital extrahepatic biliary origin · of cystic common bile duct of congenital progressive extrahepatic biliary cause · congenital biliary malformation due to progressive extrahepatic cyst

Colon dilation due to acute pseudo-obstruction Massive and progressive distension of the colonic framework without mechanical cause of obstruction, with acute evolution and potential risk of rupture.

Also: of acute Ogilvie syndrome · colonic by Ogilvie · of Ogilvie's acute colonic pseudo-obstruction

Colon dilation due to colonic pseudo-obstruction Massive distension of the colon without cause of mechanical obstruction associated with acute dysautonomia.

Also: of Ogilvie syndrome of colon dilation · Ogilvie's colonic pseudo-obstruction of dilation · Ogilvie's functional colonic pseudo-obstruction of colon

Colon dilation due to Ogilvie pseudo-obstruction Massive distension of the colon due to functional causes without evidence of a mechanical injury that obstructs colonic transit.

Also: of Ogilvie syndrome of colon evolution · Ogilvie's colonic pseudo-obstruction of evolution · of acute Ogilvie colonic pseudo-obstruction

Colon dilation due to Ogilvie pseudo-obstruction of evolution Massive distention of the colon of functional cause without evidence of obstructive mechanical lesion of evolution.

Also: of Ogilvie syndrome of the colon, clinical evolution · Ogilvie's colonic pseudo-obstruction of clinical evolution · of Ogilvie's colonic pseudo-obstruction of evolution

Colon dilation due to Ogilvie pseudo-obstruction of intestinal evolution Massive distension of the colon of functional cause without evidence of mechanical obstructive lesion of colonic evolution.

Also: of Ogilvie syndrome of colon of intestinal evolution · Ogilvie's colonic pseudo-obstruction of intestinal evolution · of Ogilvie's colonic pseudo-obstruction of intestinal evolution

Colon dilation due to Ogilvie pseudo-obstruction of obstructive intestinal evolution Massive distention of the colon of functional cause without evidence of obstructive colonic lesion of evolution.

Also: of Ogilvie syndrome of colon of obstructive intestinal evolution · Ogilvie's colonic pseudo-obstruction of obstructive intestinal evolution · of Ogilvie's colonic pseudo-obstruction of obstructive intestinal evolution

Colon dilation due to functional pseudo-obstruction Massive distention of the colonic framework without mechanical cause, associated with serious medical or surgical triggers.

Also: of colon Ogilvie syndrome · of Ogilvie's functional colonic pseudo-obstruction

Caroli bile duct dilation Rare congenital anomaly consisting of segmental and multifocal cystic ectasia of the bile ducts located within the liver.

Also: of classic Caroli disease · Caroli intrahepatic biliary cysticism · of Caroli intrahepatic ducts

Segmental cystic dilation of Caroli ducts Congenital malformation of the bile ducts that associates multifocal dilations of the intrahepatic ducts.

Also: cystic Caroli disease · Caroli's biliary segment · of segmental Caroli ducts

Rectal venous dilation of internal hemorrhoids Pathological increase in the size of the superior hemorrhoidal venous plexus located above the dentate line of the anal canal.

Also: of dilated internal hemorrhoids · dilated upper hemorrhoidal · of congestive internal piles

Endoscopic submucosal dissection Advanced endoscopic technique that allows en bloc removal of superficial epithelial neoplastic lesions through direct dissection of the submucosal tissue.

Also: DSE · microscopic submucosal dissection · submucosal en bloc excision by endoscopy

Esophageal dysphagia due to Schatzki ring Difficulty swallowing solid foods caused by the presence of a narrow mucosal ring located in the lower esophagus.

Also: dysphagia due to Schatzki ring · of esophageal ring stenosis · Schatzki's symptomatic

Dysphagia solids due to Schatzki ring Difficulty swallowing solid foods due to the presence of a mucosal narrowness in the lower portion of the esophagus.

Also: classic Schatzki ring dysphagia · by distal Schatzki ring · by Schatzki obstructive for solids

Oddi's functional biliary dysfunction Motility disorder of the ampulla of Vater that produces abdominal pain with biliary characteristics in the absence of lithiasis or other mechanical obstruction.

Also: of dyskinesia of the sphincter of Oddi · spasm of the sphincter of Oddi · of functional alteration of the blister

Ampulla of Vater sphincter dysfunction Functional disorder of the motility of the muscular portion that regulates bile and pancreatic outflow, causing colicky pain.

Also: dysfunctional ampulla of Vater sphincter · of functional biliary spasm

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction Motility disorder that affects the muscular valve located in the ampulla of Vater, causing intermittent obstruction to bile or pancreatic flow.

Also: dyskinesia of the sphincter of Oddi · spasm of the ampulla of Vater · functional biliary dysfunction

Motor dysfunction due to presbyesophagus Mild difficulty in the transit of the bolus through the esophagus in elderly patients due to the physiological loss of motor coordination.

Also: symptomatic presbyesophagus · senile motor of the esophagus · of functional senile esophagus

Percutaneous gastric feeding device Flexible tube inserted through the abdominal wall directly into the stomach to allow prolonged enteral nutrition in patients with severely compromised swallowing.

Also: PEG probe · gastric feeding button · percutaneous gastric tube

Balloon esophageal tamponade device Multiple lumen probe with inflatable balloons designed to exert direct mechanical compression on bleeding varices of the esophagus and gastric cardia.

Also: Sengstaken-Blakemore probe · variceal tamponade tube · esophageal compression balloon

Meckel's diverticulitis Acute inflammatory process of Meckel's diverticulum that clinically simulates acute appendicitis, sometimes associated with perforation or hemorrhage.

Also: of congenital inflamed ileal diverticulum · Meckel's appendicitis · of the inflamed yolk remnant

Omphalomesenteric remnant diverticulitis Inflammatory process of Meckel's diverticulum secondary to obstruction of its lumen, which associates pain in the iliac or periumbilical fossa.

Also: of acute Meckel's diverticulitis · Meckel's inflammation · of the inflamed omphalomesenteric duct

Meckel's congenital ileal sac diverticulitis Acute inflammation that affects Meckel's ileal pouch, clinically manifested in a manner similar to appendicitis.

Also: of inflammation of Meckel's diverticulum · of the acutely inflamed omphalomesenteric duct

Meckel's ileal sac diverticulitis Acute inflammatory process located in Meckel's congenital ileal pouch that clinically simulates appendicitis.

Also: of acute Meckel's diverticulitis of the sac · of inflammation of Meckel's diverticulum of the sac

Meckel's ileal sac diverticulitis with acute inflammation Acute inflammatory process located in the ileal pouch that clinically simulates appendicitis.

Also: Meckel's diverticulitis of the sac with inflammation · of inflammation of Meckel's diverticulum of acute sac · of the inflamed omphalomesenteric duct of the sac

Meckel's ileal sac diverticulitis with inflammation of the sac Acute inflammatory process located in Meckel's ileal pouch that clinically simulates appendicitis.

Also: Meckel's diverticulitis of the sac with inflammation of the sac · of inflammation of Meckel's diverticulum of acute sac · of the sac omphalomesenteric duct

Meckel's ileal sac diverticulitis with ileal sac inflammation Acute inflammatory process located in Meckel's ileal pouch that clinically simulates sac appendicitis.

Also: Meckel's diverticulitis of the sac with inflammation of the ileal sac · of inflammation of Meckel's diverticulum of acute ileum sac · of the omphalomesenteric duct of the ileal sac

Meckel's ileal sac diverticulitis with inflammation of Meckel's ileal sac Acute inflammatory process located in Meckel's ileal pouch that clinically simulates ileal pouch appendicitis.

Also: Meckel's sac diverticulitis with inflammation of Meckel's ileal sac · of inflammation of Meckel's diverticulum of acute sac of Meckel's ileum · of the omphalomesenteric duct of Meckel's ileal sac

Pancreatic Divisum Congenital anomaly of the fusion of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic anlage in which the Santorini duct drains most of the pancreas.

Also: pancreas divisum · lack of pancreatic fusion · of dorsal and ventral pancreatic ducts

Pancreatic divisum with drainage through Santorini Congenital anatomical variant in which most of the pancreatic flow drains through the minor papilla through the dorsal duct.

Also: of classic pancreatic divisum · with dominant Santorini duct · of dorsal anomalous pancreatic drainage

Pancreatic divisum of congenital origin Anomaly of dorsal and ventral pancreatic ducts that drain independently due to a failure of fusion in the embryo.

Also: of pancreatic divisum of congenital origin · of pancreas divisum of congenital origin

Pancreatic divisum due to embryonic fusion failure Congenital anomaly of dorsal and ventral pancreatic ducts that drain independently into the duodenum.

Also: of pancreatic divisum due to fusion failure · of pancreas divisum due to fusion failure · of pancreatic dorsal duct due to fusion failure

Pancreatic divisum due to failure of fusion in development Congenital anomaly characterized by independent drainage of the dorsal and ventral pancreas into the minor duodenal papilla.

Also: of pancreatic divisum due to fusion failure in development · of pancreas divisum due to fusion failure in development · of the dorsal duct of Santorini in development

Pancreatic divisum due to fusion failure in embryonic development Congenital anomaly of pancreatic ducts that drain independently into the minor duodenal papilla due to failure.

Also: of pancreatic divisum due to embryonic fusion failure · of pancreas divisum due to embryonic fusion failure · of the dorsal duct of Santorini due to fusion failure

Pancreatic divisum due to failure of fusion in the embryonic development of ducts Congenital anomaly of pancreatic ducts that drain independently into the minor papilla due to fusion failure.

Also: of pancreatic divisum due to failure of embryonic fusion of ducts · of pancreas divisum due to embryonic duct fusion failure · of the dorsal duct of Santorini due to duct fusion failure

Pancreatic divisum due to lack of fusion of outlines Congenital anomaly characterized by independent drainage of the dorsal and ventral pancreas due to a failure in their fusion.

Also: of pancreatic divisum due to fusion anomaly · of congenital pancreas divisum · of independent pancreatic dorsal duct

Domperidone Purely peripheral dopamine D2 antagonist that does not cross the blood-brain barrier, used as a prokinetic and antiemetic.

Also: domperidone maleate · peripheral selective prokinetic · low central penetration antiemetic

Drainage of encapsulated pancreatic necrotic material Therapeutic evacuation of mature collections of necrotic tissue and peripancreatic fluid originating after pancreatitis.

Also: drainage of encapsulated necrosis of the pancreas · pancreatic WOPN evacuation · necrotic pseudocyst drainage

Drainage of encapsulated pancreatic necrosis Procedure aimed at evacuating necrotic and liquid collections delimited by a post-pancreatitis fibrous wall.

Also: pancreatic encapsulated necrosis drainage · drainage of necrotic pseudocyst of the pancreas

Drainage of encapsulated necrosis of the pancreas by endoscopy Evacuation of collections of necrotic pancreatic tissue and fluid delimited by a wall of granulation tissue.

Also: endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis · WOPN evacuation by endoscopy · pancreatic pseudocyst drainage endoscopically

Drainage of encapsulated necrosis of the pancreas by digestive endoscopy Evacuation of pancreatic necrotic tissue collections delimited by a wall of granulation tissue by endoscopy.

Also: drainage of pancreatic necrosis by digestive endoscopy · WOPN evacuation by digestive endoscopy · digestive pancreatic pseudocyst drainage

Drainage of encapsulated necrosis of the pancreas by luminal digestive endoscopy Evacuation of necrotic pancreatic tissue collections delimited by a wall of tissue by luminal endoscopy.

Also: drainage of pancreatic necrosis by luminal endoscopy · WOPN evacuation by luminal digestive endoscopy · drainage of luminal digestive pancreatic pseudocyst

Drainage of encapsulated necrosis of the pancreas by active luminal digestive endoscopy Evacuation of pancreatic necrotic tissue collections delimited by an active granulation wall.

Also: pancreatic necrosis drainage by active luminal endoscopy · WOPN evacuation by active luminal digestive endoscopy

Endoscopic drainage of encapsulated necrosis of the pancreas Evacuation of mature collections of necrotic tissue and pancreatic fluid delimited by a fibrous wall.

Also: endoscopic pancreatic necrosis drainage · WOPN evacuation endoscopically · pancreatic pseudocyst drainage by endoscopy

Drainage of encapsulated pancreatic necrosis Endoscopic or surgical intervention aimed at evacuating necrotic material and fluid delimited by a post-pancreatitis fibrous wall.

Also: encapsulated necrosis drainage · WOPN evacuation · therapeutic for walled pancreatic necrosis

Peptic duodenitis Acute or chronic inflammatory lesion located in the mucosa of the first and second portion of the duodenum, closely linked to acid hypersecretion of the stomach.

Also: of peptic duodenitis · inflamed duodenal mucosa · peptic duodenal

Digestive ultrasound endoscopy Diagnostic and therapeutic examination that combines endoscopic visualization with high-resolution ultrasound performed from inside the digestive lumen.

Also: endoscopic ultrasound · USE · high resolution echoendoscopy

Biliary ectasia due to Caroli ducts Dilation of the bile ducts located inside the liver that produces bile stasis and predisposes to stone formation.

Also: of Caroli's biliary cholangitis · Caroli cystic intrahepatic biliary · of Caroli bile ducts with stasis

Gastric antral vascular ectasia Cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding characterized by erythematous streaks that converge at the pylorus, caused by dilated and thrombosed capillaries in the antral mucosa.

Also: watermelon stomach · GAVE · antral vascular ectasia

Cecal vascular ectasia Vascular alteration of a degenerative nature that is preferentially located in the cecum, consisting of dilated capillaries that cause lower digestive bleeding.

Also: angiodysplasia of cecum · vascular of the cecal mucosa · degenerative cecal angiodysplasia

Vascular ectasia of the cecal mucosa Benign and degenerative vascular anomaly that is located preferably in the cecum and right colon, characterized by dilated capillaries prone to causing slow hemorrhages.

Also: cecal angiodysplasia · vascular ectasia of cecum · right colon vascular

Vascular ectasia of the cecal mucosa of senile origin Degenerative and senile vascular anomaly located preferably in the cecum of elderly patients.

Also: of senile cecum angiodysplasia of origin · of vascular ectasia of senile cecum of origin · senile degenerative cecal angiodysplasia of origin

Vascular ectasia of the senile cecal mucosa Acquired and degenerative vascular anomaly that is preferentially located in the cecum of elderly patients.

Also: angiodysplasia of senile cecum · of vascular ectasia of senile cecum · senile degenerative cecal angiodysplasia

Vascular ectasia of degenerative cecal mucosa Senile vascular anomaly located in the right colon characterized by dilated and tortuous capillaries prone to occult hemorrhage.

Also: of angiodysplasia of the cecal cecum · degenerative vascular ectasia of the cecum · senile cecal angiodysplasia

Vascular ectasia of senile degenerative cecal mucosa Acquired vascular anomaly that is predominantly located in the cecum of elderly patients in a degenerative manner.

Also: degenerative senile cecum angiodysplasia · degenerative senile cecum vascular ectasia · senile degenerative cecal angiodysplasia course

Vascular ectasia of senile degenerative cecal mucosa of colon Acquired vascular anomaly located preferably in the cecum of elderly patients with a colonic degenerative form.

Also: of colonic degenerative senile cecum angiodysplasia · vascular ectasia of senile cecum of colon · senile degenerative cecal angiodysplasia of the colon

Vascular ectasia of senile degenerative cecal mucosa of the right colon Acquired vascular anomaly located preferably in the cecum of elderly colonic patients.

Also: degenerative senile cecum angiodysplasia of the right colon · vascular ectasia of senile cecum of right colon · senile degenerative cecal angiodysplasia of the right colon

Vascular ectasia of senile degenerative cecal mucosa of proximal right colon Acquired vascular anomaly located preferably in the cecum of elderly patients with a proximal degenerative form.

Also: of degenerative senile cecum angiodysplasia of the proximal right colon · vascular ectasia of senile cecum of proximal right colon · senile degenerative cecal angiodysplasia of the proximal right colon

Fecal elastase Very stable proteolytic enzyme secreted by the pancreas that does not undergo significant degradation during colonic transit, used as a biomarker of exocrine function.

Also: fecal elastase-1 · of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency · pancreatic in feces

Eluxadolina Drug with mixed action on opioid receptors used for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with predominance of diarrhea.

Also: mu agonist and delta opioid antagonist · eluxadoline irritable bowel · enteric

Portosystemic shunt encephalopathy Reversible neuropsychiatric deterioration caused by the direct passage of toxins of intestinal origin into the systemic circulation through portosystemic collaterals.

Also: portal-caval encephalopathy · of portosystemic brain dysfunction · by portal bypass

Celiac disease Chronic autoimmune-based enteropathy triggered by the ingestion of gluten proteins in individuals with a genetic predisposition, which produces atrophy of the mucosal villi and malabsorption.

Also: adult celiac disease · gluten-sensitive enteropathy · celiac sprue · immune-mediated gluten intolerance

Latent celiac disease Condition of individuals with a genetic predisposition who present positive antibodies but with a normal intestinal mucosa in the biopsy, with a risk of developing subsequent atrophy.

Also: of potential celiac disease · of latent celiac disease · with positive antibodies and normal biopsy

Refractory celiac disease Persistence of symptoms of malabsorption and intestinal villous atrophy despite following a strict gluten-free diet for at least twelve months.

Also: refractory celiac disease · of treatment-resistant sprue · clinical refractory celiac disease

Caroli disease Rare congenital anomaly characterized by non-obstructive segmental cystic dilation of the intrahepatic bile ducts, which predisposes to cholangitis and lithiasis.

Also: multifocal intrahepatic biliary ectasia · intrahepatic biliary cystic disease · dilated Caroli syndrome

Crohn's disease Chronic inflammatory process of a transmural and discontinuous nature that can affect any segment of the digestive tract, from the oral cavity to the perianal region.

Also: regional enteritis · Crohn's ileitis · transmural digestive granulomatous inflammation

Hirschsprung's disease Congenital developmental disorder characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the myenteric and submucosal plexus of the distal intestine, causing functional obstruction.

Also: by Hirschsprung · congenital colorectal aganglionosis · Children's Hirschsprung

Gastric Ménétrier's disease Rare gastropathy characterized by giant foveolar hyperplasia with marked thickening of the mucosal folds of the gastric body, which produces a massive loss of proteins into the digestive lumen.

Also: protein-losing hypertrophic gastropathy · giant foveolar gastric thickening · Ménétrier's giant gastropathy

Whipple's disease Systemic and chronic bacterial infection caused by Tropheryma whipplei, which mainly affects the mucosa of the small intestine causing malabsorption, diarrhea, arthralgia and lymphadenopathy.

Also: Whipple intestinal lipodystrophy · systemic infection by Tropheryma whipplei · Whipple sprue

Hepatic veno-occlusive disease Non-thrombotic and fibrosing obliteration of the terminal hepatic venules and sinusoids, which produces severe hepatic congestion and postsinusoidal portal hypertension.

Also: hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome · Hepatic SOS · hepatic sinusoidal venoocclusion

Entecavir Nucleoside analogue of guanosine with potent selective inhibitory activity of the hepatitis B virus polymerase, used in the first line of treatment.

Also: entecavir monohydrate · hepatitis B · HBV nucleoside inhibitor

Radiation enteritis Acute or chronic inflammatory damage to the mucosa and wall of the small intestine caused by exposure to pelvic or abdominal radiotherapy.

Also: from radiation enteritis · intestinal actinic cause · of actinic enteropathy

Intestinal enterokinase Enzyme of the membrane of the microvilli of the duodenal enterocyte that specifically activates trypsinogen, initiating the cascade of pancreatic enzymes.

Also: duodenal enteropeptidase · of enteropeptidase

Environmental enteropathy Chronic subclinical inflammation of the small intestine characterized by villous atrophy and malabsorption, common in areas with poor basic sanitation conditions.

Also: subclinical tropical enteropathy · environmental enteric dysfunction · poverty enteropathy

Sphincter of Oddi Annular muscular structure that surrounds the distal end of the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct at their entry point to the duodenum.

Also: hepatopancreatic sphincter · bile ampulla muscle · distal biliary sphincter

Sphincterotomy of sphincter of ampulla of Vater Section of the muscle fibers of the duodenal ampulla performed by endoscopy to treat gallstones.

Also: biliary endoscopic papillotomy · ampulla of Vater sphincterotomy · section of the sphincter of the ampulla

Sphincterotomy of the ampulla of Vater Endoscopic procedure that consists of sectioning the fibers of the biliary sphincter to facilitate the extraction of stones or the placement of a prosthesis.

Also: biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy · blister papillotomy · endoscopic section of the sphincter of Oddi

Endoscopic sphincterotomy Section of the muscle fibers of the sphincter of Oddi using a papillotome during retrograde cholangiopancreatography to facilitate stone extraction.

Also: endoscopic papillotomy · endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy · endoscopic cutting of the blister

Internal lateral sphincterotomy Surgical procedure of choice for refractory chronic anal fissure, consisting of the controlled partial section of the fibers of the internal anal sphincter.

Also: ELI · partial section of the internal anal sphincter · internal lateral anal myotomy

Candidal esophagitis Opportunistic infection of the esophageal mucosa caused by fungi of the genus Candida, which is manifested by odynophagia, dysphagia and adhered whitish plaques.

Also: of fungal esophagitis · by Candida of the esophagus · of esophageal candidiasis

Candidal esophagitis of the esophageal mucosa Esophageal inflammation characterized by whitish plaques in the mucosa caused by opportunistic colonization of Candida.

Also: of Candida esophagitis of the mucosa · esophageal candidiasis due to mucosal mycosis · of esophageal mucosal candidiasis, evolution

Candidal esophagitis due to fungal overgrowth Esophageal inflammation characterized by the presence of whitish plaques in patients immunocompromized by Candida.

Also: of Candida esophagitis of the esophagus · of opportunistic esophageal mucosal candidiasis

Candidal esophagitis due to yeast overgrowth Inflammation of the esophageal mucosa characterized by whitish plaques due to opportunistic colonization of Candida yeasts.

Also: Candidal esophagitis overgrowth · esophageal candidiasis due to yeast · of candidiasis of the esophageal mucosa due to yeast

Candidal esophagitis due to Candida yeast overgrowth Mucosal inflammation characterized by whitish plaques due to opportunistic colonization of Candida yeasts in the esophagus.

Also: Candida esophagitis from overgrowth in the esophagus · esophageal candidiasis due to Candida yeasts · of Candida esophageal mucosa candidiasis

Candidal esophagitis due to overgrowth of Candida yeasts in the mucosa Mucosal inflammation characterized by whitish plaques due to Candida colonization in the esophagus.

Also: Candida esophagitis from overgrowth in esophageal mucosa · esophageal candidiasis due to Candida mucosa yeasts · of candidiasis of the esophageal mucosa of Candida mucosa

Candidal esophagitis due to overgrowth of Candida yeast in the deep mucosa Mucosal inflammation characterized by whitish plaques due to deep colonization of Candida in the esophagus.

Also: Candida esophagitis from overgrowth in deep mucosal esophagus · esophageal candidiasis due to Candida yeast deep mucosa · of candidiasis of the esophageal mucosa of Candida deep mucosa

Chronic eosinophilic esophagitis Prolonged esophageal inflammation associated with a dense infiltrate of eosinophils in the epithelium, of allergic or immunological etiology.

Also: of chronic eosinophilic esophagitis · chronic esophageal eosinophilia · of chronic eosinophilic inflammation of the esophagus

Eosinophilic esophagitis Chronic inflammation of the esophagus mediated by a Th2 type immune response, characterized histologically by a dense infiltration of eosinophils in the mucosa and clinically by transfer dysphagia.

Also: allergic esophagitis · EE · crystal esophagus · eosinophilic infiltration of the esophagus

Fungal esophagitis due to Candida fungi Inflammation of the esophageal mucosa with the presence of whitish pseudomembranes due to overgrowth of Candida yeast.

Also: of classic candidal esophagitis · esophageal candidiasis due to mycosis · of opportunistic esophageal candidiasis

Chemical esophagitis due to caustics Inflammatory and necrotic lesion of the esophageal mucosa secondary to the accidental or intentional ingestion of substances with extremely acidic or alkaline pH.

Also: esophageal chemical burn · esophageal injury due to caustics · chemical esophageal necrosis

Barrett's esophagus Premalignant condition of the distal esophagus characterized by the replacement of the normal stratified squamous epithelium by a metaplastic-type columnar epithelium with the presence of goblet cells.

Also: esophageal intestinal metaplasia · classical Barrett's esophagus · distal esophageal metaplasia

Esomeprazole S optical isomer of omeprazole that provides greater systemic bioavailability and more predictable control of intragastric pH than the racemic mixture.

Also: of omeprazole · PPI esomeprazole · proton pump S-isomer

Diffuse esophageal spasm Esophageal motor disorder characterized by non-peristaltic, simultaneous, high-amplitude contractions in the smooth muscle portion, which manifests clinically as chest pain.

Also: corkscrew esophagus · distal esophageal spasm · diffuse esophageal motor disorder

Collagen Sprue Severe and rare enteropathy characterized by intestinal villous atrophy and the pathological deposition of a dense band of subepithelial collagen in the mucosa of the small intestine.

Also: of collagen sprue · enteric subepithelial collagen · of enteric mucosal collagenosis

Sprue due to collagen deposition Enteropathy characterized by severe atrophy of intestinal villi associated with a dense band of collagen located immediately below the epithelium.

Also: enteric subepithelial collagenosis · of mucosal collagen atrophy

Type two refractory sprue Aggressive form of celiac disease with a refractory course characterized by a clonally aberrant population of intraepithelial lymphocytes.

Also: refractory celiac disease type II · monoclonal refractory sprue · refractory celiac disease with aberrant lymphocytes

Refractory sprue type one Subtype of celiac disease resistant to a gluten-free diet characterized by the presence of a normal and clonally diverse population of intraepithelial lymphocytes.

Also: refractory celiac disease type I · of clonally diverse refractory sprue · refractory celiac disease of normal phenotype

Tropical sprue Acquired chronic malabsorption syndrome affecting residents or visitors to tropical regions, characterized by partial villous atrophy and folate and vitamin B12 deficiency.

Also: tropical enteropathy · tropical idiopathic sprue · diarrhea of warm regions

Steatohepatitis associated with metabolic dysfunction Progressive variant of liver disease due to fat deposition that associates lipid accumulation with lobular inflammation, ballooning of hepatocytes and variable development of fibrosis.

Also: MASH · non-alcoholic metabolic steatohepatitis · active inflammatory hepatic steatosis

Non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis in infants Abnormal accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes during the first months of life, frequently associated with inborn errors of metabolism or prolonged parenteral nutrition.

Also: neonatal liver disease · early pediatric hepatic steatosis · of the infant

Crohn's fibrosing stenosis Narrowing of the intestinal lumen secondary to chronic collagen deposition in the transmural wall due to recurrent inflammatory processes due to Crohn's.

Also: from Crohn's stenosis · crohn's disease stenosis · of fibrous intestinal obstruction due to Crohn's

Watermelon stomach due to vascular ectasia Endoscopic appearance of the gastric antrum characterized by longitudinal erythematous bands formed by dilated and ectatic capillaries.

Also: watermelon stomach · gastric GAVE · of classic gastric antral vascular ectasia

Watermelon stomach due to antral vascular ectasia Endoscopic appearance characterized by longitudinal red stripes in the mucosa of the gastric antrum, formed by ectatic capillaries with fibrin.

También: classic watermelon stomach · gastric antral vascular ectasia · of gastric GAVE in watermelon Gardner's classic

Gastric intrinsic factor Glycoprotein secreted by gastric parietal cells, essential for the binding and subsequent intestinal absorption of vitamin B12 in the distal ileum.

Also: by Castle · cobalamin · b12 absorption

Famotidine Potent, long-acting antagonist of gastric histamine H2 receptors that suppresses stimulated basal and nocturnal acid secretion.

Also: of powerful H2 receivers · oral famotidine · high affinity antisecretory

Filgotinib Highly selective Janus kinase type one inhibitor that blocks signal transduction of proinflammatory cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease.

Also: selective JAK1 inhibitor · filgotinib for colitis · JAK1 signaling · selective JAK-1 immunosuppressant

Anal fistulectomy Complete surgical removal of the entire tract and inflammatory tissue of an anorectal fistula, leaving a bloody wound for progressive healing.

Also: exeresis of anal fistula · removal of fistulous tract · total perianal fistulectomy

Anal fistulotomy Surgical treatment of simple anal fistulas that consists of longitudinal opening and curettage of the fistulous tract to allow healing by secondary intention.

Also: anal fistula shot · section of anal fistulous tract · curettage of anal fistula

Chronic anal fissure Painful linear skin tear in the anal canal that persists for more than six weeks, characterized by the classic triad of fissure, sentinel skin flap and hypertrophic anal papilla.

Also: persistent anal fissure · chronic anal with flap · of chronic anal ulcer

Suppurative phlegmon of the ischioanal fossa Deep and painful purulent collection located in the ischiorectal adipose tissue, originating from an anal cryptoglandular form.

Also: from deep ischiorectal abscess · ischiorectal suppurative fossa · anal ischiorectal fossa phlegmon

Deep perianal suppurative phlegmon Collection of purulent material located in the deep spaces surrounding the rectum, caused by complex cryptoglandular infections.

Also: from deep anorectal abscess · ischiorectal suppurative · ischiorectal anal phlegmon

Gastric foveola Microscopic depression or crypt on the surface of the stomach mucosa where the tubular gastric glands open.

Also: gastric crypt · gastric well · gastric foveolar pit

Nissen fundoplication Antireflux surgical procedure in which the gastric fundus is completely wrapped, in three hundred and sixty degrees, around the distal esophagus.

Also: total Nissen fundoplication · 360 degree gastric plication · complete antireflux surgery

Toupet fundoplication Partial antireflux surgical technique in which the bottom of the stomach is wrapped around the posterior aspect of the esophagus at approximately two hundred and seventy degrees.

Also: posterior partial fundoplication · 270 degree gastric plication · Posterior esophageal toupet

Gastrinoma of the Passaro triangle Gastrin-producing neuroendocrine tumor located outside the conventional limits of the pancreas, typically located in the duodenum or hepatoduodenal ligament.

Also: by Passaro · of Passaro triangle · extrapancreatic gastrinoma

Autoimmune atrophic gastritis Chronic inflammation of the stomach mediated by antibodies against parietal cells and intrinsic factor, which produces glandular mucosal atrophy limited to the body and fundus.

Also: gastritis type A · autoimmune gastric atrophy · gastritis with pernicious anemia

Follicular gastritis Inflammatory variant of the gastric mucosa characterized by marked lymphoid hyperplasia with formation of germinal centers in the lamina propria, associated with Helicobacter pylori.

Also: of nodular gastritis · of gastric lymphoid hyperplasia · follicular of the gastric mucosa

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis Rare inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms and dense eosinophilic infiltration of one or more layers of the digestive wall.

Also: GE · eosinophilic enteropathy · gastrointestinal eosinophilic infiltration

Gastroenteritis due to mucosal eosinophils Inflammatory infiltration limited to the mucosal layer of the stomach and intestine that causes abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea and malabsorption.

Also: of mucosal eosinophilic gastroenteritis · of eosinophilic infiltration of the digestive mucosa · eosinophilic mucosal layer

Protein-losing gastroenteropathy Clinical syndrome characterized by excessive loss of plasma proteins into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in severe hypoalbuminemia and edema.

Also: digestive protein loss · of enteric hypoproteinemia · of protein-losing enteropathy

Portal hypertensive gastropathy Mucosal alterations of the stomach characterized by ectasia of capillaries and venules in the lamina propria, which give a reticulated endoscopic appearance similar to snake skin.

Also: mosaic gastropathy · gastropathy due to portal hypertension · vascular ectasia of the gastric lamina propria

Gastropathy due to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Damage of the gastric mucosa ranging from superficial erosions to deep ulcers, caused by the inhibition of the synthesis of protective prostaglandins by these drugs.

Also: gastropathy due to NSAIDs · mucosa due to gastric analgesics · pharmacological gastric erosion

Portal gastropathy in snake skin Gastric mucosal alteration with capillary dilation and mosaic reticulated appearance, secondary to a chronic increase in portal pressure.

Also: of mosaic portal hypertensive gastropathy · gastric mosaic portal · of mosaic portal gastric congestion

Uremic gastropathy Inflammatory alterations of the stomach mucosa observed in patients with end-stage renal disease, caused by the effect of the accumulation of nitrogenous compounds.

Also: of uremic gastritis · of mucosal inflammation due to uremia · gastric due to uremia

Glecaprevir Pangenotypic inhibitor of the NS3/4A protease of the hepatitis C virus, highly effective and used in short-term regimens.

Also: NS3/4A protease · glecaprevir antiviral · HCV polyprotein maturation

Portal hypertension albumin gradient Difference in albumin concentration greater than one point one gram per deciliter between serum and ascitic fluid, indicative of portal cause.

Also: of elevated GASA · portal albumin gradient · of ascites due to portal hypertension with high ABG

Portal-type peritoneal albumin gradient Difference in albumin concentration between serum and ascites fluid equal to or greater than one point one gram per deciliter.

Also: elevated GASA in ascites · gradient portal albumin from ascites · of ascites due to portal hypertension with elevated ABG

Serum-ascites albumin gradient Mathematical difference between the concentration of albumin in serum and in ascitic fluid, the main marker to classify ascites according to its etiology.

Also: GASA · peritoneal albumin gradient · portal ascites discriminator quotient

Serum albumin gradient-ascites of portal etiology Albumin difference equal to or greater than one point one gram per deciliter between serum and ascitic fluid.

Also: elevated GASA of portal etiology · albumin gradient from portal cause of ascites · of ascites due to portal hypertension with GASA of portal cause

Serum-ascites albumin gradient of portal hypertension Albumin difference equal to or greater than one point one gram per deciliter between serum and ascitic fluid due to portal cause.

Also: elevated ABG due to portal hypertension · of albumin gradient from portal cause of ascites due to · of ascites due to portal hypertension with GASA evolution

Serum-ascites albumin gradient of systemic portal hypertension Albumin difference equal to or greater than one point one gram per deciliter between serum and portal ascitic fluid.

Also: elevated ABG due to systemic portal hypertension · albumin gradient from portal cause of systemic ascites · of ascites due to portal hypertension with systemic GASA

Serum-ascites albumin gradient of systemic portal hypertension of ascites Albumin difference equal to or greater than one point one gram per deciliter between serum and evolution fluid.

Also: elevated ABG due to systemic portal hypertension of ascites · albumin gradient from portal cause of deep systemic ascites · of ascites due to portal hypertension with deep systemic GASA

Serum-ascites albumin gradient of systemic portal hypertension of evolution ascites Albumin difference equal to or greater than one point one gram per deciliter between serum and portal fluid.

Also: elevated ABG due to systemic portal hypertension from portal ascites · of albumin gradient of portal cause of ascites of portal evolution · of ascites due to portal hypertension with systemic GASA of portal evolution

Granisetron High potency, long half-life serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used to prevent acute and intermediate emesis.

Also: granisetron hydrochloride · long-acting antiemetic · of high affinity 5-HT3

Open Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy Surgical intervention in which the hemorrhoidal packages are removed, leaving the wounds open so that they heal progressively and spontaneously.

Also: classical Milligan-Morgan technique · Open Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidal · open hemorrhoid removal

Ferguson hemorrhoidectomy Closed surgical variant in which the removed hemorrhoidal pedicles are completely sutured to accelerate primary healing and reduce postoperative pain.

Also: closed hemorrhoidectomy · Ferguson technique · closed hemorrhoidal excision

Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy Open surgical technique for the treatment of third and fourth degree hemorrhoids in which the surgical wounds are left open to heal by secondary intention.

Also: open hemorrhoidectomy · Milligan-Morgan technique · open hemorrhoidal excision

External hemorrhoids Dilations of the inferior hemorrhoidal venous plexus located below the dentate line, covered by anoderm, which are frequently associated with acute pain when thrombosed.

Also: external piles · external hemorrhoidal thrombosis · external anal venous varicose veins

Internal hemorrhoids Dilations of the superior hemorrhoidal venous plexus located above the dentate line of the anal canal, covered with mucosa and prone to painless bleeding.

Also: internal piles · superior hemorrhoidal varicose veins · internal rectal venous dilation

Acute hepatitis due to E virus infection Inflammation of the liver parenchyma with jaundice and elevated transaminases caused by the enterally transmitted virus E.

Also: of acute viral hepatitis E · due to acute infectious HEV · of acute hepatitis E virus infection

Acute hepatitis due to virus E Self-limited fecal-oral transmission infection of the liver parenchyma that causes elevated transaminases, jaundice and risk of severe liver failure in pregnant women.

Also: of acute hepatitis E · acute due to HEV · enteral infection by E virus

Alcoholic hepatitis Acute necrotizing inflammatory disorder of the liver induced by prolonged and excessive alcohol consumption, manifested by progressive jaundice, fever and neutrophilia.

Also: acute alcoholic steatohepatitis · inflammatory liver injury due to ethanol · acute hepatitis due to alcohol

Severe alcoholic hepatitis Severe form of liver inflammation due to alcohol consumption that is defined by a Maddrey discriminant function index greater than thirty-two.

Also: of severe alcoholic hepatitis · of severe alcohol-related liver dysfunction · with Maddrey elevated

Autoimmune hepatitis Chronic inflammatory disorder of the liver of immunological origin, histologically characterized by interface necrosis, hypergammaglobulinemia and the presence of specific serum autoantibodies.

Also: autoimmune hepatitis type 1 · autoimmune hepatitis type 2 · immune-mediated chronic hepatitis

Chronic hepatitis B Persistent liver infection for more than six months caused by the hepatitis B virus, capable of causing necroinflammation, progressive fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Also: chronic HBV infection · chronic serum hepatitis · chronic hepatitis B hepatitis

Chronic hepatitis C Persistent infection of the liver parenchyma by the hepatitis C virus that usually occurs asymptomatically for decades, with a high risk of cirrhosis.

Also: chronic HCV infection · chronic non-A non-B hepatitis · chronic hepatitis C hepatitis

Delta hepatitis Severe liver coinfection or superinfection caused by hepatitis D virus, a defective virus that requires the obligatory presence of the HBV surface antigen to replicate.

Also: hepatitis D · delta superinfection · hepatitis due to defective virus D

Acute hepatitis E Acute liver infection of self-limited enteral transmission that usually presents in a benign form, but is associated with high mortality in pregnant women in the third trimester.

Also: hepatitis E virus · due to acute HEV · acute fecal-oral transmission E

Infectious granulomatous hepatitis Hepatic inflammatory process characterized by the formation of granulomas in the parenchyma, secondary to mycobacterial or fungal infections.

Also: hepatitis with granulomas · bacterial granulomatous hepatic · of infectious hepatic granulomatosis

Cytomegalovirus hepatitis in immunocompetent people Acute, self-limited liver involvement caused by cytomegalovirus infection, which presents clinically as a mononucleosis syndrome with elevated transaminases.

Also: acute by CMV · hepatic infection due to cytomegalovirus · hepatic CMV in immunocompetent patients

Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis Acute inflammatory involvement of the liver parenchyma that develops secondarily in the context of infectious mononucleosis.

Also: of EBV hepatitis · Epstein-Barr liver · of acute hepatic mononucleosis

Hepatitis due to Lemierre virus Focal suppurative infection of the liver parenchyma caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum, classically secondary to Lemierre syndrome or tonsillopharyngeal infections.

Also: by Lemierre hepatica · due to Fusobacterium in the liver · de Lemierre with liver involvement

Hepatitis due to herpes simplex virus Massive and fulminant liver necrosis produced infrequently by herpes simplex virus infection, characterized by high fever and elevated transaminases.

Also: of acute herpetic hepatitis · by hepatic HSV · fulminant herpetic necrosis

Fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma Rare histological variant of hepatocellular carcinoma that typically occurs in young patients without underlying chronic liver disease or cirrhosis.

Also: fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma · fibrolamellar hepatoma · hepatic fibrolamellar neoplasia

Fibrolamellar variant hepatoma Uncommon variant of hepatocyte carcinoma that affects young patients without previous cirrhosis, characterized by large cells and fibrous stroma.

Also: of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma · hepatic fibrolamellar · fibrolamellar neoplasia of the liver

Fibrolamellar type epithelial hepatoma Uncommon histological variant of hepatic malignancy characterized by polygonal cells surrounded by lamellar collagen bands.

Also: of classic fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma · fibrolamellar hepatocytes · of malignant hepatic fibrolamellar neoplasia

Primary malignant hepatoma Malignant epithelial neoplasia originating from hepatocytes, closely linked to chronic tissue damage, persistent inflammation and abnormal cell regeneration in the liver parenchyma.

Also: primary hepatocyte tumor · malignant epithelial hepatic neoplasm · malignant cellular hepatoma

Hepatopathy due to chronic venous congestion Alteration of the liver tissue characterized by sinusoidal congestion and centrilobular necrosis due to difficulty in venous return to the heart.

Also: chronic stasis liver · congestive liver due to heart failure · of chronic passive hepatic congestion

Hepatopathy due to passive venous congestion Damage of the liver parenchyma secondary to venous blood stasis caused by severe right heart failure or constrictive pericarditis.

Also: stasis liver · chronic hepatic congestive · congestive liver failure

Hepatic hydrothorax Presence of a significant pleural effusion in a patient with cirrhosis and portal hypertension in the absence of underlying cardiopulmonary pathology.

Also: hepatic pleural effusion · spontaneous cirrhotic pleurisy · portal pleural transudate

Fatty liver associated with metabolic dysfunction Spectrum of liver disorders characterized by excessive accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatocellular cytoplasm in patients with metabolic risk factors such as obesity or insulin resistance.

Also: MASLD · metabolic hepatic steatosis · metabolic fatty infiltration of the liver

Gastric foveolar cell hyperplasia Excessive and benign growth of the lining cells of the crypts of the stomach, characteristic of Ménétrier's disease.

Also: giant foveolar hyperplasia · foveolar gastric mucosa · of Ménétrier with foveolar hyperplasia

Gastric foveolar hyperplasia with protein loss Marked thickening of the stomach mucosa with hypoalbuminemia characteristic of Ménétrier's disease.

Also: of Ménétrier's foveolar hyperplasia with loss · foveolar gastric mucosa with loss · of Ménétrier with hyperplasia and protein loss

Gastric foveolar hyperplasia of Ménétrier's disease with loss Thickening of the folds of the stomach mucosa associated with loss of albumin towards the digestive lumen.

Also: of Ménétrier's foveolar hyperplasia with albumin loss · Ménétrier's foveolar artery with hypoproteinemia · of Ménétrier with hyperplasia and albumin loss

Gastric foveolar hyperplasia of Ménétrier's disease with protein loss Thickening of the folds of the gastric mucosa associated with loss of albumin towards the lumen of the stomach.

Also: of Ménétrier's foveolar hyperplasia with gastric protein loss · foveolar Ménétrier with gastric hypoproteinemia · of Ménétrier with hyperplasia and gastric protein loss

Gastric foveolar hyperplasia of Ménétrier's disease with active protein loss Thickening of the folds of the gastric mucosa that actively associates albumin loss.

Also: of Ménétrier's foveolar hyperplasia with active gastric protein loss · foveolar Ménétrier with active gastric hypoproteinemia · of Ménétrier with hyperplasia and active gastric protein loss

Gastric foveolar hyperplasia of giant folds Marked thickening of the gastric mucosa with protein loss characteristic of Ménétrier's disease.

Also: of gastric giant foveolar hyperplasia · foveolar gastric mucosa of giant folds · of Ménétrier with giant hyperplasia

Giant foveolar hyperplasia of Ménétrier's disease Excessive growth of gastric lining cells that produces giant folds and enteric loss of albumin.

Also: of Ménétrier's giant foveolar hyperplasia · foveolar gastric Ménétrier · of Ménétrier with giant mucosal hyperplasia

Focal nodular hyperplasia Benign liver tumor composed of hyperplastic hepatocytes organized in nodules, typically characterized by a central stellate scar visible on imaging studies.

Also: HNF · benign regenerative liver nodule · focal hepatocellular hyperplasia

Brooke's ileostomy Conventional terminal ileal bypass technique in which the end of the intestine is everted on itself to create a stoma that protrudes from the abdominal wall.

Also: Brooke terminal ileostomy · evered ileal stoma · Brooke bypass

Fecal incontinence Involuntary inability to control the evacuation of gases, liquid or solid feces, due to structural or functional alterations of the sphincter apparatus.

Also: adult encopresis · loss of anal sphincter control · organic anal incontinence

Fecal incontinence of structural organic cause Inability to retain fecal matter due to anatomical damage to the internal or external anal sphincters.

Also: of organic structural fecal incontinence · of injured anal sphincter · anal due to organic sphincter injury

Organic fecal incontinence Involuntary loss of the ability to retain gas or fecal matter, due to structural injuries to the anal sphincter muscles or their nerves.

Also: structural fecal incontinence · of damaged anal sphincters · anal of organic cause

Acute ascending biliary infection Ascending bacterial infection of the bile ducts secondary to partial or complete obstruction of bile flow, characterized by fever and sepsis.

Also: acute cholangitis · suppurative bacterial cholangitis · acute biliary sepsis

Biliary infection due to cholangiocarcinoma Infectious process secondary to obstruction of the bile duct by a malignant neoplasm of the bile ducts, which requires emergency biliary drainage.

Also: of biliary tumor cholangitis · biliary due to duct cancer · of cholangitis due to biliary tumor

Anal cryptoglandular infection Acute inflammatory process originating in the anal crypts that progresses towards the formation of pus in the subcutaneous cellular tissue adjacent to the margin of the anus.

Also: perianal abscess · subcutaneous anal suppuration · anal cryptoglandular abscess

Bacterial suppurative liver infection Accumulation of purulent material in the liver secondary to ascending cholangitis or bacterial seeding via the portal vein.

Also: of classic pyogenic liver abscess · hepatic pyogenic bacteria · from bacterial liver abscess

Suppurative liver infection of pyogenic cause Collection of pus located in the liver tissue produced by the proliferation of pyogenic bacteria disseminated from an abdominal focus.

Also: of pyogenic liver abscess due to bacteria · bacterial hepatic suppurative

Opportunistic mucosal infection due to candidal esophagitis Inflammatory process of the esophageal mucosa with the formation of whitish plaques due to Candida colonization.

Also: of opportunistic candidal esophagitis · due to Candida of the esophageal mucosa · of candidiasis of the esophageal mucosa

Superficial perianal suppurative infection Purulent collection located in the subcutaneous cellular tissue adjacent to the anal margin, of glandular origin and easy resolution by drainage.

Also: superficial perianal abscess · perianal subcutaneous · of superficial anal phlegmon

Infiltration of eosinophils in the gastric wall Dense presence of eosinophils in the mucosa, muscular or serous layers of the stomach in the context of eosinophilic gastroenteritis.

Also: of gastric eosinophilic gastroenteritis · gastric wall eosinophilia · of eosinophilic infiltration of the stomach

Eosinophilic esophageal mucosal infiltration Pathological presence of a high number of eosinophils in the mucosa of the esophagus, a defining characteristic of esophagitis of allergic origin.

Also: of histological eosinophilic esophagitis · eosinophilic mucosa of the esophagus · of eosinophil infiltrate in the esophagus

Autoimmune pancreatic inflammation Systemic manifestation characterized by infiltration of lymphocytic and plasma cells that produces diffuse pancreatic glandular involvement.

Also: autoimmune pancreatitis · lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis · autoimmune pancreatic involvement

Potassium-competitive acid secretion inhibitor Antisecretory drug that blocks the proton pump of the parietal cell through a reversible and competitive binding with the potassium ion.

Also: from vonoprazan antisecretory · vonoprazan gastric P-CAB · potassium acid blocker

Severe acute liver failure Sudden deterioration of the metabolic and synthetic function of the liver that causes the development of encephalopathy and coagulopathy in a patient with no history of chronic liver disease.

Also: fulminant liver failure · acute massive liver necrosis · superacute liver failure

Acute on chronic liver failure Syndrome characterized by the acute decompensation of a stable chronic liver disease due to a precipitating factor, which associates multiple organ dysfunction.

Also: ACLF · acute on chronic liver failure · acute multiorgan hepatic decompensation

Subfulminant liver failure Severe liver failure characterized by the appearance of encephalopathy and coagulopathy that develops between eight weeks and six months after the onset of jaundice symptoms.

Also: subacute liver failure · subfulminant hepatic necrosis · delayed liver progression

Segmental colonic ischemia of hemodynamic origin Inflammatory mucosal lesion in areas of the colonic framework due to systemic circulatory compromise.

Also: of segmental ischemic colitis hemodynamics · low hemodynamic flow segmental colonic · of non-occlusive segmental colonic ischemia of hemodynamic origin

Segmental colonic ischemia of systemic hemodynamic origin Inflammatory mucosal lesion in sensitive areas of the colonic framework due to circulatory compromise.

Also: segmental ischemic colitis systemic hemodynamics · systemic low flow segmental colonic · of systemic non-occlusive segmental colonic ischemia

Segmental colonic ischemia of systemic hemodynamic origin of the colon Inflammatory mucosal lesion in sensitive areas of the colonic framework due to circulatory compromise of the colon.

Also: segmental ischemic colitis colonic hemodynamics · segmental colonic low flow systemic colon

Segmental colonic ischemia of systemic hemodynamic origin of the left colon Inflammatory mucosal lesion in sensitive areas of the left colonic framework due to circulatory compromise.

Also: of segmental ischemic colitis hemodynamics of the left colon · segmental colonic low systemic flow of the left colon · of non-occlusive segmental colonic ischemia of the left colon

Segmental colonic ischemia due to low flow Inflammatory and erosive mucosal lesion in sensitive colonic framework areas due to systemic hemodynamic compromise.

Also: of segmental ischemic colitis of the colon · low-flow segmental colonic · of non-occlusive segmental colonic ischemia of the colon

Colon ischemia due to low vascular flow Cecal or sigmoid inflammatory lesion due to a reduction in systemic arterial perfusion in the absence of organic vascular occlusion.

Also: of non-occlusive ischemic colitis · low flow colonic · of functional colonic ischemia

Acute mesenteric ischemia Sudden decrease in blood flow in the splanchnic territory due to embolic or thrombotic occlusion, which quickly leads to infarction and necrosis of the intestinal wall.

Also: acute mesenteric vascular occlusion · acute intestinal infarction · acute splanchnic vascular insufficiency

Chronic mesenteric ischemia Progressive splanchnic circulatory insufficiency secondary to atherosclerotic stenosis of the mesenteric vessels, clinically characterized by dull postprandial abdominal pain and weight loss.

Also: intestinal angina · chronic splanchnic ischemia · chronic intestinal vascular insufficiency

Mesenteric ischemia of embolic origin Sudden decrease in intestinal perfusion caused by the impact of an embolus of cardiac origin in the superior mesenteric artery.

Also: of mesenteric embolism · of embolic intestinal ischemia · of mesenteric arterial occlusion due to embolus

Segmental colonic ischemia due to low flow Inflammatory lesion of the colonic mucosa in vascular basin areas due to a decrease in systemic perfusion pressure.

Also: of segmental ischemic colitis · low flow segmental colonic · of non-occlusive segmental colonic ischemia

Itopride Prokinetic drug with a dual mechanism of action, consisting of antagonism of dopaminergic D2 receptors and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase degradation.

Also: itopride hydrochloride · cholinergic prokinetic · of digestive motility

Gastroesophageal junction laceration due to emesis Nonpenetrating tear of the mucosa of the distal esophagus or gastric cardia secondary to intense efforts to vomit.

Also: from Mallory-Weiss due to vomiting · of esophagogastric tear due to emesis · mucosal laceration due to nausea

Mallory-Weiss mucosal laceration Non-transmural tear of the mucosa at the gastroesophageal junction that presents as self-limited upper gastrointestinal bleeding after forced vomiting.

Also: classic Mallory-Weiss · Mallory-Weiss esophageal laceration · from mucosal tear due to emesis

Lactitol Synthetic disaccharide derived from lactose that acts as an osmotic laxative and luminal acidifying agent to reduce ammonia absorption in encephalopathy.

Also: lactitol monohydrate · disaccharide laxative · of ammonium absorption

Lansoprazole Proton pump inhibitor with rapid oral absorption that reduces the acidity of the gastric lumen and accelerates mucosal healing.

Also: PPI lansoprazole · of gastric heartburn · hydrogen ion pump

Ledipasvir Highly potent inhibitor of the non-structural protein NS5A of the hepatitis C virus frequently used in fixed combination for genotype one.

Also: of NS5A genotype 1 · ledipasvir antiviral · HCV-specific replication

Caustic injury to gastric mucosa Inflammatory, erosive or necrotic damage to the stomach caused by the ingestion of aggressive chemical agents of an acidic or alkaline nature.

Also: of gastritis due to caustics · chemical gastric injury due to corrosives · chemical gastric necrosis

Elastic band ligation of varicose veins Endoscopic method of choice for the prevention and treatment of bleeding from esophageal varices by placing rubber rings on the venous cords.

Also: variceal ligation with band · elastic strangulation of varicose veins · endoscopic treatment with esophageal bands

Ligation of the intersphincteric fistulous tract Surgical procedure for transsphincteric anal fistulas that consists of dissecting, ligating and sectioning the fistula tract at the level of the intersphincteric space.

Also: LIFT technique · intersphincteric fistula ligation · anal LIFT surgery

Linaclotide Peptide agonist of guanylate cyclase type C that acts locally in the intestinal mucosa to increase fluid secretion and reduce visceral nociception.

Also: guanylate cyclase C agonist · enteric linaclotide · and enteric antinociceptive

Intestinal lymphangiectasia Uncommon disorder characterized by dilation of the lymphatic vessels of the intestinal lamina propria, causing a loss of lymph, plasma proteins, and lymphocytes into the lumen.

Also: Waldmann's disease · intestinal lymphatic ectasia · obstructive enteric lymphangiectasia

Acquired intestinal lymphangiectasia Secondary dilation of the lymphatic vessels of the intestinal mucosa due to obstructive processes such as retroperitoneal tumors or constrictive pericarditis.

Also: acquired enteric lymphangiectasia · secondary intestinal lymphatic · secondary enteric lymphatic

Congenital intestinal lymphangiectasia Genetic disorder characterized by malformation and obstruction of the lymphatic vessels of the intestinal lamina propria, manifested by chronic diarrhea and protein-losing enteropathy.

Also: Congenital Waldmann's · congenital lymphatic vessels · hereditary Waldmann

Intestinal lymphangiectasia of congenital origin Congenital dilation of the lymphatic vessels of the lamina propria that causes malabsorption, diarrhea, hypoalbuminemia and edema.

Also: of hereditary intestinal lymphangiectasia · congenital ectatic Waldmann's · congenital enteric lymphatic

Lymphangiectasia due to lymphatic obstruction Dilation of the lymphatic vessels of the intestinal wall secondary to extrinsic compression by tumor masses or retroperitoneal fibrosis.

Also: of secondary intestinal lymphangiectasia · of lymphatic ectasia due to obstruction · of obstructive enteric lymphangiectasia

Mucosal lymphocytosis due to microscopic colitis Significant increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes in the colonic mucosa detectable by histological study in patients with watery diarrhea.

Also: of histological lymphocytic colitis · lymphoid of colonic mucosa · of colonic lymphocytic infiltration

Intraepithelial lymphocytosis of colonic mucosa Presence of a high number of lymphocytes in the epithelium of the colonic mucosa, a key histological finding of microscopic colitis.

Also: of histological lymphocytic microscopic colitis · colonic lymphoid intraepithelial · lymphocyte infiltration in the colon

T cell lymphoma associated with enteropathy Aggressive intraepithelial T-cell malignant lymphoid neoplasia that typically develops as a severe complication of refractory celiac disease type two.

Also: EATL lymphoma · enteric T cells · of lymphoma associated with celiac disease

Lymphoma of the digestive marginal zone Extranodal neoplastic lymphoid proliferation that is located in the lymphoid tissues associated with the mucosa of the esophagus, stomach or intestine.

Also: digestive extranodal lymphoid tumor · gastrointestinal MALT lymphoma · mucosal lymphoid proliferation

Gastric marginal zone lymphoma Extranodal neoplastic lymphoid proliferation that originates in the lymphoid tissue associated with the mucosa of the stomach, closely linked to chronic antigenic stimulation by Helicobacter pylori.

Also: gastric MALT lymphoma · gastric mucosal lymphoma · low-grade gastric lymphoid tumor

Neutophilic ascitic fluid Clinical condition defined by the presence of a polymorphonuclear cell count equal to or greater than two hundred and fifty cells per microliter in the peritoneal fluid.

Also: neutrophilic ascites · variant bacterial peritonitis · elevated ascitic PMN count

Common bile duct lithiasis Presence of one or more stones in the common bile duct, originating in the gallbladder or formed secondarily in the common bile duct.

Also: choledocholithiasis · calculation in the common bile duct · common duct biliary lithiasis

Loperamide Synthetic agonist of mu opiate receptors located in the intestinal myenteric plexus that slows down the motility of the digestive tract and prolongs transit time.

Also: loperamide hydrochloride · peripheral opiate antidiarrheal · of intestinal motility

Lubiprostone Local activator of type two chloride channels in the apical membrane of the enterocyte that stimulates the secretion of intestinal fluid rich in chlorine, accelerating transit.

Also: of CIC-2 chlorine channels · oral lubiprostone · intestinal chlorine secretagogue

Macrogol Inert high molecular weight polymer that retains water by hydrogen bonds in the lumen of the colon, increasing the volume of feces and facilitating its evacuation.

Also: polyethylene glycol · PEG 3350 · inert osmotic laxative

High resolution esophageal manometry Diagnostic technique that evaluates the motor function of the esophagus and the dynamics of the sphincters using multiple spaced pressure sensors.

Also: high resolution manometry · esophageal MAR · high resolution esophageal motility

Appendicular mass due to perforated appendicitis Plastron made up of loops of small intestine and omentum that surrounds a cecal appendix that has suffered perforation of its wall.

Also: of acute appendicular plastron · periappendiceal inflammatory mass · of appendicitis complicated with plastron

Inflammatory mass of iliac fossa due to plastron Peritoneal conglomerate made up of intestinal loops and omentum surrounding a cecal appendix with severe inflammation.

Also: of appendicular plastron of iliac fossa · inflammatory appendicular plastron · of appendicular inflammatory block

Toxic megacolon Acute, segmental or total dilation of the colon not associated with mechanical obstruction, which develops in the context of severe inflammatory or infectious colitis accompanied by systemic toxicity.

Also: toxic colonic dilation · acute inflammatory megacolon · toxic colon dilation syndrome

Mercaptopurine Active immunosuppressive purine analogue used in the maintenance treatment of moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease.

Also: 6-mercaptopurine · 6-MP · thiopurine active metabolite

Mesalazine An anti-inflammatory drug with local action belonging to the aminosalicylates, widely used in the treatment and maintenance of remission of ulcerative colitis.

Also: 5-aminosalicylate · 5-ASA · oral mesalamine

Thiopurine metabolism Series of complex enzymatic reactions that transform immunosuppressive prodrugs into active thioguanine nucleotides by thiopurine methyltransferase.

Also: activation pathway of azathioprine · biotransformation of thiopurines · thiopurine metabolism in inflammatory disease

Columnar metaplasia with goblet cells in the esophagus Replacement of the normal esophageal epithelium with a glandular epithelium with intestinal characteristics, defining Barrett's esophagus.

Also: histological classic Barrett's esophagus · Barrett column · Barrett's with cellular metaplasia

Goblet cell metaplasia in the esophagus Replacement of the normal epithelium of the distal esophagus with an intestinal-type epithelium with mucin-producing cells, characteristic of Barrett's esophagus.

Also: of Barrett's esophagus with goblet cells · Barrett's with intestinal metaplasia · Barrett's mucosa

Intestinal metaplasia of the gastroesophageal junction Replacement of the squamous epithelium with columnar epithelium with the presence of goblet cells in the distal segment of the esophagus, associated with chronic reflux.

Also: incipient Barrett's esophagus · metaplastic of the esophagogastric junction · Barrett Union

Hepatic metastases from colon adenocarcinoma Secondary dissemination of malignant tumor cells from a primary colorectal tumor to the liver parenchyma, facilitated by the venous network of the portal circulation.

Also: of hepatic secondary colon · of metastatic tumor involvement · colorectal metastases in the liver

Metoclopramide Peripheral and central dopamine D2 antagonist with prokinetic properties that stimulates the motility of the upper gastrointestinal tract and prevents emesis.

Also: metoclopramide hydrochloride · and classic antiemetic · gastrokinetic action

Heller myotomy Surgical intervention consisting of the longitudinal section of the muscle fibers of the distal esophagus and cardia, used mainly to treat achalasia.

Also: Heller esophagomyotomy · surgical myotomy of the cardia · Anterior Heller myotomy

Peroral endoscopic myotomy Minimally invasive endoscopic procedure through which a submucosal tunnel is made to section the muscle fibers of the distal esophagus and treat achalasia.

Also: POEM · endoscopic submucosal myotomy · esophageal muscle section by endoscopy

Amebic liver liquefaction necrosis Destruction of the liver parenchyma with the formation of a cavity containing chocolate material, produced by Entamoeba histolytica.

Also: of classical amoebic liver abscess · necrotizing hepatic amoebic · of liver necrosis due to amoebae

Encapsulated necrosis of pancreatic tissue Mature, encapsulated collection of necrotic pancreatic or peripancreatic tissue that develops weeks after an episode of necrotizing pancreatitis.

Also: WOPN · encapsulated pancreatic necrosis · walled necrotic mass postpancreatitis

Amebic liver necrosis due to Entamoeba histolytica Focal destruction of the liver parenchyma with the formation of necrotic cavities produced by the invasion of this parasite.

Also: from amoebic liver abscess from necrosis due to amoebae · hepatic amoebic tissue necrosis · of liver necrosis due to evolution amoebae

Amoebic liver necrosis due to Entamoeba histolytica in the parenchyma Focal destruction of the liver parenchyma with the formation of necrotic cavities produced by the amoebic parasite.

Also: of amoebic liver abscess of necrosis in the parenchyma · hepatic amoebic tissue necrosis of the parenchyma · of liver necrosis due to amoebae in the parenchyma

Amebic liver necrosis due to Entamoeba histolytica in liver parenchyma Focal destruction of the liver parenchyma with the formation of necrotic cavities produced by the parasite.

Also: of amoebic liver abscess of necrosis in the liver parenchyma · hepatic amoebic tissue necrosis of the liver parenchyma · of liver necrosis due to amoebae in the liver parenchyma

Amebic liver necrosis due to Entamoeba histolytica in deep liver parenchyma Focal destruction of the deep liver parenchyma with formation of amoebic necrotic cavities.

Also: of amoebic liver abscess of necrosis in deep liver parenchyma · hepatic amoebic tissue necrosis of deep liver parenchyma · of liver necrosis due to amoebae in deep liver parenchyma

Liver necrosis due to invasion of Entamoeba histolytica Destruction of liver tissue with the formation of abscesses containing necrotic material, produced by this parasite.

Also: necrotizing hepatic amoebic by trophozoites · hepatic necrosis of amoebic origin

Lipatic necrosis due to Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites Focal destruction of liver tissue with the formation of necrotic cavities produced by this amoeba.

Also: classic amoebic liver abscess of necrosis · hepatic amoebic tissue necrosis · of amoebic liver necrosis due to trophozoites

Malignant neoplasm of the bile ducts Malignant neoplasm derived from the epithelial cells of the bile ducts, with the capacity to occur in intrahepatic or extrahepatic locations.

Also: bile duct cancer · primary cholangiocarcinoma · bile duct adenocarcinoma

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia Exocrine pancreatic tumor characterized by the proliferation of mucin-producing epithelial cells within the main or branched pancreatic ducts, with malignant potential.

Also: NMPI · pancreatic mucin-producing tumor · intraductal papillary neoplasia of the pancreas

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas Low-grade pancreatic neoplasia that almost exclusively affects young women, composed of solid and degenerative papillary areas.

Also: Frantz's tumor · solid papillary neoplasia of the pancreas · solid pancreatic pseudopapillary tumor

Cecal obstruction due to plastron Mechanical compression of the cecum and distal ileum caused by the inflammatory mass that encompasses a perforated appendix and adjacent intestinal loops.

Also: of obstructive cecal plastron · cecal inflammation due to appendicitis · of obstructive appendiceal plastron

Omeprazole Irreversible inhibitor of the gastric proton pump that blocks the final step of acid secretion by covalently binding to the enzyme.

Also: Classic IBP · omeprazole magnesium · from the secretion of hydrogen ions

Ondansetron Highly selective antagonist of serotonin type three receptors, used for the prevention and control of nausea and vomiting.

Also: ondansetron hydrochloride · first generation setron antiemetic · of 5-HT3

Operation Thousands Radical surgical resection through a combined abdominal and perineal approach of the entire rectum, anus and sphincter apparatus, leaving a definitive colostomy.

Also: Miles abdominoperineal resection · Miles rectum amputation · abdominoperineal excision of the rectum

Ozanimod Sphingosine-one-phosphate receptor modulator that retains lymphocytes in the lymph nodes, reducing inflammatory infiltration in the colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis.

Also: from S1P of colitis · selective ozanimod · lymphoid lymph node output

Annular pancreas Congenital anomaly in which a band of normal pancreatic tissue completely or partially surrounds the second portion of the duodenum, potentially causing obstruction.

Also: of duodenal pancreatic tissue · annular pancreatic malformation · of annular pancreas

Autoimmune pancreatitis type 2 Idiopathic inflammatory disease of the pancreas not related to IgG4, characterized histologically by epithelial granulocytic lesions confined to the pancreatic duct.

Also: idiopathic ductocentric pancreatitis · PAI type 2 · epithelial granulocytic pancreatitis

Pantoprazole Proton pump inhibitor characterized by high chemical stability at neutral pH and a lower rate of microsomal drug interaction.

Also: PPI pantoprazole · pantoprazole sodium · low cytochrome interaction

Reynolds pentad Set of five characteristic clinical findings of severe suppurative cholangitis that includes fever, jaundice, pain in the right upper quadrant, altered consciousness and shock.

Also: Reynolds syndrome · Reynolds clinical pentad · Reynolds suppurative cholangitis

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis Bacterial infection of the ascitic fluid in patients with advanced cirrhosis, which occurs in the absence of an obvious intra-abdominal infectious focus.

Also: PBE · spontaneous ascites infection · cirrhotic bacterial translocation peritonitis

Tertiary peritonitis Diffuse and persistent peritoneal inflammation that develops after failure of standard treatment of secondary peritonitis, associated with opportunistic pathogens.

Also: peritonitis with a torpid evolution · persistent abdominal sepsis · recurrent peritoneal infection

Pibrentasvir Pangenotypic inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus regulatory protein NS5A co-formulated with glecaprevir for rescue regimens.

Also: of NS5A broad spectrum · pibrentasvir antiviral · of pangenotypic replication complex

Sodium picosulfate Stimulating laxative with local action that after being hydrolyzed by the colonic microbiota increases peristalsis and stimulates the secretion of water and electrolytes.

Also: sodium picosulfate · colonic contact laxative · of colonic myenteric plexuses

Appendicular plastron Palpable inflammatory mass in the right iliac fossa consisting of intestinal loops and omentum agglutinated around a perforated or inflamed cecal appendix.

Also: appendicular block · inflammatory appendiceal mass · periappendiceal peritoneal agglutination

Plecanatide Peptide analogue of uroguanylin that binds and activates guanylate cyclase type C in the intestinal epithelium, facilitating the hydration of feces in constipation.

Also: uroguanylin · oral plecanatide · gastric mucosal secretagogue

Auerbach's myenteric plexus Network of nerve fibers and neuronal ganglia located between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the digestive tract, responsible for motor control.

Also: by Auerbach · myenteric nerve network · Auerbach's enteric

Meissner's submucosal plexus Enteric neuronal network located in the submucosa of the digestive tract involved in the regulation of epithelial secretion and local blood flow.

Also: by Meissner · submucosal nerve network · Meissner enteric

Sessile serrated colon polyp Flat epithelial neoplasm of the colonic mucosa that presents a histological pattern of serrated branching and represents a premalignant pathway.

Also: classic sessile serrated adenoma · serrated sessile colon · of serrated lesion of sessile colon

Colon serrated gland polyp Raised lesion of the colonic mucosa that presents a pattern of serrated glandular folding and hyperplastic or adenomatous histology.

Also: of colonic serrated polyp · sessile colonic serrated lesion

Hamartomatous Peutz-Jeghers polyp Benign polypoid lesions composed of smooth muscle and normal branched epithelium that develop in the digestive tract of patients with this mutation.

Also: of Peutz-Jeghers polyp · Peutz-Jeghers hamartomatous · of hamartomatous intestinal polyp

Hyperplastic colon polyp Benign epithelial raised lesion very common in the distal colon and rectum, histologically characterized by glands with a serrated appearance without atypia.

Also: of colonic hyperplastic polyp · benign colonic serration · hyperplastic rectal mucosa

Solitary juvenile polyp Benign and single hamartoma usually located in the rectum of pediatric patients, histologically characterized by abundant dilated mucosal glandular cysts.

También: of infantile hamartomatous polyp · of solitary juvenile straight HCV-specific replication · of solitary rectal hamartoma

Solitary juvenile rectal polyp Benign, single hamartoma located in the rectal mucosa of pediatric patients that usually manifests as painless rectal bleeding.

Also: of solitary juvenile polyp of rectum · lonely rectal youth · solitary juvenile hamartomatous of the rectum

Familial adenomatous polyposis Autosomal dominant hereditary syndrome caused by germline mutations in the APC gene, characterized by the development of multiple adenomatous polyps in the colon with inevitable progression to cancer.

Also: PAF · familial colonic polyposis · hereditary colon polyposis syndrome

MUTYH-associated polyposis Hereditary predisposition syndrome to colorectal cancer, autosomal recessive transmission, caused by biallelic mutations in the MUTYH DNA repair gene.

Also: recessive colonic polyposis · MAP syndrome

Presbyesophagus Non-pathological esophageal motor alterations associated with aging of smooth muscle, characterized by a decrease in the amplitude of peristaltic contractions.

Also: senile esophagus · esophageal motor dysfunction in the elderly · senile esophageal motility

Duhamel procedure Surgical technique used in Hirschsprung's disease by which the normoganglionic colon is descended through the retrorectal space to anastomose it to the anus.

Also: Duhamel operation · retrorectal descent of Duhamel · Duhamel posterior rectocolectomy

Hartmann procedure Emergency surgical operation consisting of resection of the sigmoid colon with creation of a proximal terminal colostomy and blind closure of the distal rectal stump.

Also: Hartmann colectomy · Hartmann resection · colostomy with closed rectal stump

Soave Procedure Surgery for Hirschsprung's disease that consists of the removal of the diseased rectal mucosa, leaving the muscular tunic, through which the healthy colon is descended.

Also: Soave operation · Soave endorectal descent · rectal mucosectomy with colonic descent

Swenson procedure Resection of the diseased aganglionic colon segment with meticulous dissection up to the anal canal and immediate colorectal anastomosis, described for congenital megacolon.

Also: Swenson operation · Swenson's total rectocolectomy · Swenson's anal anastomosis

Late-onset actinic proctitis Chronic damage to the rectal mucosa that develops months or years after receiving radiotherapy, characterized by tissue fibrosis and bleeding from telangiectasias.

Also: delayed radiation proctopathy · chronic rectum actinic · of late rectal radiation injury

Radiation proctitis Inflammatory lesion of the rectal mucosa secondary to exposure to ionizing radiation administered during the treatment of pelvic neoplasms.

Also: actinic proctopathy · rectal injury due to radiotherapy · radiation-induced rectal inflammation

Acute radiation proctopathy Transitory lesion of the rectal mucosa that appears during the first weeks of starting pelvic radiotherapy, manifested by tenesmus and mucus.

Also: of acute actinic proctitis · rectal by acute radiotherapy · from transient rectal inflammation due to radiation

Chronic radiation proctopathy Vascular and mucosal lesion of the rectum that appears months or years after completing radiotherapy, characterized by ischemia and telangiectasias.

Also: of chronic actinic proctitis · rectal due to late radiotherapy · from radiation rectitis obliterans

Prucalopride Highly selective agonist of serotonin type four receptors with powerful prokinetic effects that stimulates colonic motility and emptying.

Also: prokinetic 5-HT4 agonist · colonic prucalopride · of colonic motility

Mucosal burn due to gastric caustics Destructive injury to the stomach wall produced by contact with corrosive agents of extreme pH accidentally ingested.

Also: gastric injury due to corrosion · stomach mucosal chemistry · gastric necrosis due to caustics

Chymotrypsin Active proteolytic enzyme formed by the cleavage of chymotrypsinogen by trypsin, responsible for degrading dietary peptides and proteins.

Also: active pancreatic · pancreatic chymotrypsin · proteolytic of biliary-pancreatic secretion

Choledochal cyst Congenital cystic dilation of the bile ducts that can affect any segment of the extrahepatic or intrahepatic biliary tree, predisposing to malignancy.

Also: congenital cystic biliary dilation · of common bile duct · cystic malformation of the common bile duct

Rabeprazole Proton pump inhibitor with rapid activation in a wide range of gastric pH, providing rapid control of acid secretion.

Also: Fast-acting PPI · rabeprazole sodium · of rapidly activating gastric acidity

Racecadotril Selective enkephalinase inhibitor prodrug that reduces the hypersecretion of water and electrolytes in the intestinal lumen without altering basal transit time.

Also: thiorphan · enteric enkephalinase · pure intestinal antisecretory

Ranitidine Classic competitive antagonist of type two histamine receptors in gastric parietal cells, previously used to control acid secretion.

Also: classic H2 receivers · ranitidine hydrochloride · second generation antisecretory

Gastrocolic reflex Physiological increase in colonic motility and peristaltic activity induced by the arrival of food and mechanical distention of the stomach.

Also: gastrocolic · gastric-colonic motor · of motility by ingestion

Low anterior resection Colorectal surgery with preservation of the anal sphincter in which the affected portion of the middle or lower rectum is removed and a low colorectal anastomosis is performed.

Also: RAB straight · rectal resection with sphincter preservation · low colorectal anastomosis

Endoscopic mucosal resection Interventional endoscopy technique used to remove superficial neoplastic or dysplastic lesions confined to the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract.

Also: endoscopic mucosectomy · endoscopy-guided mucosal removal

Ileal J-shaped pouch Storage bag made from handles of terminal ileum folded on themselves to act as a new fecal receptor after removal of the rectum.

Also: reservoir in J · ileal pouch · ileoanal reservoir in J

Rifaximin Broad-spectrum non-absorbable antibiotic derived from rifamycin that exerts a powerful local antimicrobial action in the intestinal lumen without significant systemic effects.

Also: rifaximin-alpha · luminal non-absorbable · local intestinal bactericide

Basal gastric acid secretion Amount of hydrochloric acid secreted spontaneously by the parietal cells of the stomach in the absence of any exogenous or digestive stimulus.

Also: BAO · gastric acid basal · basal acid debit

Maximum gastric acid secretion Hydrochloric acid production obtained after maximum stimulation of parietal cells through the administration of secretagogues or histamine.

Also: MAO · maximum stimulated · maximum hydrochloric acid

Gastric secretion of pepsinogen Process of release of the inactive proenzyme by the main cells of the stomach, which is activated to pepsin in the presence of hydrochloric acid.

Also: of gastric peptide proenzyme · from pepsinogen gastric mucosa

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity Clinical entity characterized by digestive and extradigestive symptoms triggered by gluten in patients in whom celiac disease and wheat allergy have been previously ruled out.

Also: non-celiac wheat sensitivity · SGNC · non-immune-mediated gluten intolerance

Abdominal sepsis of tertiary peritoneal origin Persistent septic syndrome secondary to diffuse inflammation of the peritoneum that does not respond to initial control treatments.

Also: of tertiary peritonitis with septic shock · severe abdominal pain due to tertiary peritonitis · of recurrent peritoneal sepsis

Abdominal sepsis due to tertiary peritonitis Severe systemic inflammatory response caused by a persistent peritoneal infection that does not respond to initial surgical treatment.

Also: tertiary peritonitis with shock · tertiary severe abdominal · of refractory peritoneal sepsis

Biliary sepsis due to obstructive cholangitis Severe systemic inflammatory response secondary to ascending infection of the biliary tree caused by an impacted stone.

Also: of obstructive cholangitis with sepsis · biliary from acute cholangitis · of sepsis of biliary origin due to lititis

Sepsis of biliary origin due to obstructive cholangitis Severe systemic infection caused by the proliferation of bacteria in a bile duct obstructed by stones or tumors.

Also: of septic obstructive cholangitis · biliary due to acute obstructive cholangitis · of biliary sepsis due to duct obstruction

Peritoneal sepsis due to tertiary peritonitis of torpid evolution Persistent sepsis secondary to diffuse inflammation of the peritoneum that does not respond to initial control.

Also: of tertiary peritonitis with refractory shock of evolution · severe abdominal pain due to tertiary peritonitis · of recurrent peritoneal sepsis of evolution

Peritoneal sepsis due to tertiary peritonitis with a torpid abdominal evolution Persistent sepsis secondary to diffuse inflammation of the peritoneum with slow evolution.

Also: of tertiary peritonitis with torpid refractory shock · severe abdominal pain due to torpid tertiary peritonitis · of torpid recurrent peritoneal sepsis

Peritoneal sepsis due to tertiary peritonitis with a torpid deep abdominal evolution Persistent sepsis secondary to diffuse inflammation of the peritoneum of profound evolution.

Also: of tertiary peritonitis with deep torpid refractory shock · severe abdominal pain due to deep torpid tertiary peritonitis · of deep torpid recurrent peritoneal sepsis

Peritoneal sepsis due to active deep abdominal torpid tertiary peritonitis Persistent sepsis secondary to diffuse inflammation of the peritoneum with active evolution.

Also: of tertiary peritonitis with active deep torpid refractory shock · severe abdominal pain due to active deep torpid tertiary peritonitis · of active deep torpid recurrent peritoneal sepsis

Peritoneal sepsis due to refractory tertiary peritonitis Severe systemic infectious disease caused by diffuse inflammation of the peritoneum that does not respond to focus control.

Also: of tertiary peritonitis with refractory septic shock · severe abdominal pain due to refractory tertiary peritonitis · of refractory recurrent peritoneal sepsis

Anal seton Thread, silicone band or silk that is passed through the tract of an anal fistula to maintain continuous drainage or progressively section the sphincter tissue.

Also: anal seton · anal fistula tutor · perianal seton thread

Hereditary chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction Severe neuromuscular disorder of the digestive tract characterized by recurrent episodes that simulate a mechanical intestinal obstruction without demonstrable anatomical cause.

Also: idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction · of intestinal pseudo-obstruction · familial enteric neuropathy

Carnett's sign Useful exploratory test to distinguish abdominal wall pain from deep visceral pain based on palpation during active muscle contraction.

Also: abdominal wall pain · Carnett maneuver · abdominal visceral pain

Chilaiditi sign Radiological positional anomaly consisting of the temporary or permanent interposition of the colon or small intestine between the liver and the diaphragm.

Also: of interdiatragmatic colon · colonic hepatodiaphragmatic interposition · false pneumoperitoneum of Chilaiditi

Kehr sign Presence of referred pain in the left shoulder caused by irritation of the diaphragm, classic after a splenic rupture or hemoperitoneum.

Also: referred diaphragmatic pain · of splenic rupture · peritoneal left scapular pain

Alagille syndrome Autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by a shortage of interlobular bile ducts, associated with cardiac, vertebral, ocular anomalies and a characteristic facial phenotype.

Also: arteriohepatic dysplasia · syndromic ductal paucity syndrome · Alagille cholestasis

Boerhaave syndrome Spontaneous and transmural perforation of the distal esophageal wall due to a sudden and massive increase in intraluminal pressure, considered a surgical emergency with high mortality.

Also: barogenic esophageal rupture · esophageal rupture due to vomiting · spontaneous esophageal transmural perforation

Budd-Chiari syndrome Obstructive disorder of hepatic venous outflow located at any level between the small hepatic veins and the opening of the inferior vena cava into the right atrium.

Also: thrombosis of the suprahepatic veins · veno-occlusive disease of large veins · obstruction of hepatic venous flow

Chilaiditi syndrome Clinical entity in which the interposition of the colon under the diaphragm is associated with digestive symptoms such as abdominal pain, constipation or distention.

Also: symptomatic colonic interposition · from clinical Chilaiditi · colonic diaphragmatic distension

Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome Rare non-hereditary gastrointestinal polyposis syndrome, characterized by hamartomatous polyps distributed throughout the digestive tract associated with alopecia and nail dystrophy.

Also: acquired from Cronkhite-Canada · by Cronkhite-Canada classic · with ectodermal dystrophy

Gardner syndrome Variant of familial adenomatous polyposis of hereditary transmission that associates colonic adenomas with craniofacial osteomas, epidermoid cysts and desmoid tumors.

También: by Gardner Gardner's classic · colonic with bone manifestations · Glenn's

Mallory-Weiss syndrome Longitudinal non-penetrating mucosal laceration located at the gastroesophageal junction, secondary to a sudden increase in intragastric pressure during episodes of intense nausea or vomiting.

Also: mucosal tear of the gastroesophageal junction · Mallory-Weiss esophageal laceration · tear due to forced vomiting

Ogilvie syndrome Massive and acute dilation of the colon in the absence of a mechanical cause of luminal obstruction, frequently associated with serious illnesses or recent surgery.

Also: acute colonic pseudo-obstruction · by Ogilvie · of colonic functional pseudo-obstruction

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome Autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the presence of hamartomatous polyps along the digestive tract and hyperpigmented macules on the oral mucosa, lips and fingers.

Also: Peutz-Jeghers hamartomatous polyposis · mucocutaneous lentiginosis with polyposis · pigmentary digestive hamartomas syndrome

Serrated polyposis syndrome Clinical entity characterized by the presence of multiple serrated polyps distributed throughout the entire colon, associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer.

Also: of serrated polyposis · of multiple hyperplastic polyposis · serrated colon

Intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome Clinical entity characterized by an excessive proliferation of bacterial populations in the lumen of the small intestine, which alters the physiological processes of digestion and absorption.

Also: SIBO · enteric bacterial overpopulation · small intestine bacterial colonization syndrome

Turcot syndrome Rare hereditary disorder characterized by the association of colorectal adenomatous polyposis with primary tumors of the central nervous system, such as medulloblastomas or glioblastomas.

Also: from classic Turcot · with associated brain tumors · of polyposis Turcot

Irritable bowel syndrome Gastrointestinal disorder of a functional nature characterized by recurrent abdominal pain related to defecation and alterations in the frequency or consistency of bowel movements.

Also: irritable colon · SII · functional bowel habit disorder

Hepatopulmonary syndrome Arterial oxygenation disorder caused by intrapulmonary vascular dilations that occurs in the context of advanced portal hypertension.

Also: SHP · intrapulmonary vascular dilation of portal cause · portopulmonary hypoxemia

Hepatorenal syndrome type 1 Acute, progressive and severe deterioration of renal function characterized by intense renal vasoconstriction, which occurs in patients with advanced chronic liver disease and ascites.

Also: SHR type 1 · rapidly progressive hepatorenal syndrome · acute hepatic functional renal failure

Hepatorenal syndrome type 2 Moderate and stable decrease in the glomerular filtration rate associated with intense sodium retention, which develops in patients with portal hypertension and refractory ascites.

Also: SHR type 2 · slowly progressive hepatorenal syndrome · functional renal failure due to refractory ascites

Sofosbuvir Pangenotypic inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a fundamental pillar of direct antiviral treatment guidelines.

También: by NS5B · sofosbuvir antiviral · HCV replication HCV-specific replication

Blow from Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Audible venous murmur over the anterior abdominal wall in patients with severe portal hypertension, secondary to turbulent flow in the recanalized umbilical vein.

Also: murmur from Cruveilhier-Baumgarten · portosystemic venous murmur · patent umbilical vein

Bismuth subsalicylate Compound with antisecretory, anti-inflammatory and direct antimicrobial properties, used for the symptomatic relief of nonspecific diarrhea and heartburn.

Also: of bismuth · gastric subsalicylate · bismuth astringent compound

Sucralfate Aluminum octasulfate sucrose complex that in gastric acid medium forms a protective viscous gel that adheres to the erosion crater.

Also: aluminum sucrosophate · gastric barrier · protective sucrose gel

Sulfasalazine Prodrug composed of mesalazine linked by an azo bond to sulfapyridine, which requires bacterial cleavage in the colon for its therapeutic activation.

Also: salicylazosulfapyridine · oral sulfasalazine · azo-mesalazine compound · salazopyrine · azo synthesis immunosuppressant with intestinal action

Acute ascending biliary suppuration Serious bacterial infection that spreads upward through the biliary tree due to the presence of an obstruction to the flow of bile.

Also: of acute bacterial cholangitis · of ascending suppurative cholangitis · biliary due to acute cholangitis

Tenofovir alafenamide Latest generation tenofovir nucleotide prodrug with high antiviral efficacy against HBV, characterized by excellent plasma stability and lower bone toxicity.

Also: TAF antiviral · new generation tenofovir · high-safety HBV polymerase

Urea breath test Non-invasive diagnostic test based on the hydrolysis of urea labeled with isotopic carbon by the Helicobacter pylori urease enzyme.

Also: expiratory urease · with carbon-13 · of Helicobacter pylori by breath

Exhaled hydrogen test Functional diagnostic test that detects the increase in hydrogen in exhaled air after ingesting carbohydrate substrates, indicative of malabsorption or SIBO.

Also: hydrogen breath · of exhaled hydrogen · hydrogen malabsorption

Tofacitinib Oral selective inhibitor of Janus kinases type one and three, used to induce and maintain remission in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis.

Also: JAK inhibitor of ulcerative colitis · oral tofacitinib · Janus kinase type I and III blocker · oral JAK1/JAK3 inhibitor · Janus kinase type one and three immunosuppressant

esophageal transit through presbyesophagus Alteration in the transport of the bolus through the body of the esophagus in elderly patients due to physiological motor incoordination.

Also: presbyesophagus with slow transit · senile esophageal motor transit · of senile esophagus transport

Whipple Triad Set of criteria for the clinical diagnosis of insulinoma consisting of compatible symptoms, measured hypoglycemia, and symptomatic resolution upon administration of glucose.

Also: diagnostic criteria for insulinoma · Whipple's hypoglycemia triad · diagnostic confirmation of hypoglycemia

Trypsinogen Inactive precursor or zymogen of trypsin secreted by the acinar cells of the pancreas that requires duodenal enteropeptidase to become an active enzyme.

Also: trypsin · inactive pancreatic · trypsinogen

Portal vein thrombosis Total or partial obstruction of the lumen of the portal vein due to the formation of a blood thrombus, associated with hypercoagulable states or local infections.

Also: of portal thrombosis · portal venous occlusion · of the trunk of the portal vein

Obstructive portal vein thrombosis Presence of a thrombus that partially or totally blocks blood flow through the main trunk of the portal vein.

Also: of obstructive portal thrombosis · portal with venous occlusion · of classic portal vein thrombosis

Hepatic portal vein thrombosis Formation of a blood clot inside the trunk of the portal vein that obstructs flow to the liver and causes portal hypertension.

Also: of acute portal vein thrombosis · portal venous with obstruction · portal venous occlusion

Cajal pacemaker cell tumor Mesenchymal neoplasia of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by the proliferation of interstitial cells with expression of the membrane protein KIT.

Also: of GIST tumor · gastrointestinal stromal GIST · digestive Cajal sarcoma

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor Mesenchymal neoplasia of the digestive tract originating from the pacemaker cells of Cajal, characterized by the immunohistochemical expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase KIT.

Also: GIST · gastrointestinal stromal sarcoma · interstitial cell tumor of Cajal

Upadacitinib Reversible and selective inhibitor of Janus kinase type one with potent anti-inflammatory action, approved for the treatment of refractory ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Also: potent JAK1 inhibitor · upadacitinib for colitis · Janus 1 kinase · oral selective JAK1 inhibitor · high selectivity JAK-1 immunosuppressant

Fundic gastric varicose veins Dilations of the venous vessels of the mucosa of the gastric fundus secondary to portal hypertension, which present a risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Also: of fundic varicose veins · of dilated venous vessels of the fundus · fundic type gastric

Vedolizumab Humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to the alpha-four beta-seven integrin, blocking the migration of lymphocytes towards inflamed intestinal tissue.

Also: anti-alpha4beta7 antibody · intestinal selective vedolizumab · intestinal lymphoid adhesion inhibitor

Velpatasvir Pangenotypic inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus replication protein NS5A that is administered in combination with sofosbuvir to achieve high cure rates.

Also: pangenotypic NS5A · HCV velpatasvir · of the NS5A replication complex

Vonoprazan Latest generation potassium-competitive acid blocker that reversibly and potently inhibits gastric hydrogen-potassium ATPase.

Also: P-CAB vonoprazan · per potassium site · fast-acting non-covalent acid

Gastro and hepatology

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