Acroosteolysis Pathological bone resorption affecting the terminal phalanges of the hands or feet, characteristically observed in advanced stages of systemic sclerosis and associated with prolonged occupational exposure to vinyl chloride.

Also: distal phalangeal resorption · terminal osteolysis of the fingers

Genital bipolar canker sore Concomitant presence of recurrent painful ulcers in both the oral mucosa and the external genitalia, a highly specific clinical manifestation of Behçet's disease.

Also: bipolar aphtosis · concomitant orogenital ulcers

Lupus scarring alopecia of the scalp Definite and localized hair loss due to the irreversible destruction of hair follicles due to the inflammatory process of discoid lupus erythematosus.

Also: scarring alopecia due to discoid lupus · permanent lupus hair loss

Allopurinol Xanthine oxidase enzyme inhibitor drug that effectively reduces the synthesis of uric acid, preferably used as first-line therapy to reduce urate levels in patients diagnosed with gout.

Also: xanthine oxidase inhibitor · purine synthesis hypouricemicant

Familial transthyretin amyloidosis Systemic hereditary disorder characterized by the tissue deposition of amyloidosis fibrils derived from mutated variants of the thyroxine and retinol transporter protein.

Also: ATTR amyloid amyloidosis · familial amyloid polyneuropathy due to transthyretin

Anakinra Recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist indicated in the management of autoinflammatory diseases, systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and in cases of refractory tophaceous gout.

Also: IL-1 receptor antagonist · biological modulator of interleukin-1

Total bone ankylosis Complete fusion of two bone pieces through a mature bone bridge, which absolutely annuls the mobility of the joint previously affected by inflammation.

Also: bone ankylosis · definitive joint bone fusion

Lupus anticoagulant Immunoglobulin-type autoantibody that prolongs phospholipid-dependent coagulation times in vitro, but that in vivo paradoxically predisposes to the development of thrombotic phenomena.

Also: functional antiphospholipid antibody · lipid-dependent coagulation inhibitor

Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies Pathological immunoglobulins directed against double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid, considered a highly specific marker of lupus activity and with a strong correlation in the development of nephritis.

Also: anti-dsDNA · anti-native DNA antibodies

Anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I antibodies Immunoglobulins of the IgG or IgM type that specifically recognize a plasma glycoprotein linked to negatively charged phospholipids, serving as a fundamental serological criterion for antiphospholipid syndrome.

Also: anti-beta2GPI · anti-B2GPI antibodies

Anti-histone antibodies Immunoglobulins directed against nuclear histone octamers, whose detection in high titers has a very high sensitivity in the diagnosis of drug-induced lupus erythematosus.

Also: anti-histone · antihistone screening antibodies

Anti-Jo-1 antibodies Autoantibodies directed against the cellular enzyme histidyl-tRNA synthetase, considered the most common serological marker of antisynthetase syndromes and inflammatory myopathies.

Also: anti-histidyl-tRNA synthetase · Jo1 myositic antibodies

Anti-La antibodies Autoantibodies directed against the 48 kDa nuclear transcription protein the, frequently associated with the presence of anti-Ro antibodies in patients with Sjögren's syndrome.

Also: anti-SSB · anti-La/SSB nuclear antibodies

Specific anti-La48 antibodies Autoantibodies selectively directed against the 48 kDa protein associated with the transcription of RNA polymerase III, key markers of Sjögren's syndrome.

Also: anti-La48 antibodies · antibodies against the 48 kDa subunit of the the antigen

Anti-Mi-2 antibodies Autoantibodies directed against the nuclear chromatin remodeling protein complex, highly specific for classic dermatomyositis and associated with a low incidence of lung disease.

Also: anti-Mi2 · anti-nucleosome capping antibodies

Anti-Ro antibodies Autoantibodies that recognize ribonucleoprotein proteins of 60 kDa or 52 kDa, associated with Sjögren's syndrome, subacute cutaneous lupus and the risk of fetal congenital heart block.

Also: anti-SSA · anti-Ro/SSA antibodies

Soluble anti-Ro52 antibodies Specific autoantibodies directed against the 52 kDa TRIM21 protein, associated with an increased risk of neonatal heart block and interstitial lung disease.

Also: anti-Ro52 antibodies · antibodies against the 52 kDa subunit of the Ro antigen

Specific anti-Ro60 antibodies Autoantibodies selectively directed against the 60 kDa subunit of the Ro antigen, classically implicated in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

Also: anti-Ro60 antibodies · antibodies against the 60 kDa subunit of the Ro antigen

Anti-Smith antibodies Autoantibodies directed against proteins in the core of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles, considered the most specific diagnostic marker of lupus pathology.

Also: anti-Sm · nuclear anti-Sm antibodies

Anti-topoisomerase I antibodies Autoantibodies that block the function of topoisomerase I, closely related to diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis and an increased risk of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.

Also: anti-Scl-70 · destructive anti-Scl70 antibodies

Anti-U1-RNP antibodies Autoantibodies directed against the U1 portion of nuclear ribonucleoproteins, whose isolated presence in very high titers is the pathognomonic immunological criterion of mixed connective tissue disease.

Also: anti-RNP · anti-ribonucleoprotein U1 antibodies

Anticardiolipin antibodies Autoantibodies that recognize lipid components of cell membranes, whose quantification by ELISA is a key immunological criterion to define antiphospholipid syndrome.

Also: aCL · plasma anti-cardiolipin antibodies

Anticentromere antibodies Specific autoantibodies directed against the structural proteins of the chromosome centromere during cell division, associated with the limited cutaneous variant of systemic sclerosis.

Also: ACA · chromosomal anticentromere antibodies

Antinuclear antibodies Diverse group of autoantibodies reactive against components of the cell nucleus and cytoplasm, used as the initial immunological screening test in the study of connective tissue diseases.

Also: ANA · total antinuclear immunoglobulins

Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies High clinical specificity autoantibodies directed against peptides modified by arginine deimination, useful for early diagnosis and stratification of erosive joint damage.

Also: anti-CCP · high specificity anticitrulline antibodies

Apremilast Oral immunosuppressive drug that acts as a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4, modulating the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines in the treatment of active psoriatic arthritis.

Also: oral PDE4 inhibitor · systemic phosphodiesterase four modulator

Asymmetric arthritis Pattern of joint inflammation characterized by unequally affecting the joints on both sides of the body, typically observed in seronegative spondyloarthropathies.

Also: asymmetric joint involvement · peripheral asymmetric oligoarthritis

Cricoarytenoid arthritis Inflammatory compromise of the joint that joins the cricoid and arytenoid cartilages in the larynx, capable of causing dysphonia, respiratory stridor and pharyngeal pain.

Also: laryngeal condition of rheumatoid arthritis · destructive cricoarytenoid synovitis

Charcot arthritis Destructive and progressive degenerative arthropathy associated with the loss of protective sensitivity and proprioception, usually secondary to advanced diabetic neuropathy.

Also: neuropathic arthropathy · neuropathic Charcot joint

Inflammatory gonalgia arthritis Localized synovitis that causes exquisite pain, palpable swelling and functional limitation of the knee joint, of autoimmune or infectious origin.

Also: inflammatory involvement of the knee · acute gonalgia arthritis

Arthritis of the temporomandibular joint Inflammatory process located in the craniomandibular joint that limits chewing and causes local pain, a frequent complication in progressive rheumatoid arthritis or spondyloarthritis.

Also: inflammatory temporomandibular condition · rheumatic TMJ dysfunction

Enteropathic arthritis A form of peripheral or axial inflammatory arthritis that develops in association with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, sometimes correlating with outbreaks of intestinal pathology.

Also: enteropathic arthropathy · arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease

Gonococcal arthritis Joint infection of bacterial origin secondary to the hematogenous dissemination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, classically manifested as a triad of tenosynovitis, dermatitis and migratory polyarthralgias.

Also: gonococcal joint infection · purulent arthritis due to gonococcus

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Term that encompasses a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory joint diseases of unknown cause that begin before 16 years of age and persist for at least six weeks.

Also: AIJ · chronic childhood arthritis

Oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis Most common subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis characterized by inflammation of four or fewer joints during the first six months of the disease, associated with the risk of anterior uveitis.

Also: Oligoarticular JIA · juvenile idiopathic oligoarthritis

Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis Subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in which five or more joints are affected during the first six months of evolution, subdivided according to the presence or absence of rheumatoid factor.

Also: Polyarticular JIA · juvenile idiopathic polyarthritis

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis related to enthesitis Subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis characterized by pain and inflammation at the insertion points of tendons and ligaments, frequently associated with sacroiliitis and HLA-B27.

Also: JIA associated with enthesitis · active juvenile spondyloarthropathy

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis Childhood-onset form of arthritis associated with persistent general symptoms such as spikes of high fever, evanescent skin rash, lymphadenopathy and diffuse serositis.

Also: Systemic JIA · systemic juvenile Still's disease

Migratory non-erosive lupus arthritis Transitory joint involvement that predominantly affects the knees and hands in lupus patients, characterized by pain and swelling without bone destruction.

Also: transient lupus synovitis · migratory arthralgia with lupus characteristics

Microcrystalline arthritis Acute or chronic joint disorder induced by the precipitation and deposition of inorganic crystals in the synovial space, which markedly activates the local inflammatory cascade.

Also: crystal arthropathy · microcrystalline joint inflammation

Arthritis mutilans Very severe destructive and deforming variant of arthritis characterized by massive osteolytic bone resorption of the phalanges, which causes digital shortening and fixed deformities.

Also: arthritis mutilans · extreme destructive osteolytic arthropathy

Lyme disease arthritis Late manifestation of systemic infection due to Borrelia burgdorferi, characterized by recurrent outbreaks of asymmetric monoarthritis or oligoarthritis that predominantly involve the knees.

Also: Lyme arthritis · chronic articular borreliosis

Psoriatic arthritis Chronic inflammatory spondyloarthritis closely associated with the presence of cutaneous psoriasis, characterized by dactylitis, enthesitis and an asymmetric lesion pattern.

Also: psoriatic arthropathy · destructive psoriatic rheumatism

Reactive arthritis Acute aseptic synovitis triggered by a previous infection of gastrointestinal or genitourinary origin, which classically presents with conjunctivitis, urethritis and a high association with the HLA-B27 antigen.

Also: classic Reiter syndrome · postinfectious reactive synovitis

Septic arthritis Direct microbial infection of the joint cavity that generates an acute purulent inflammatory response, considered a medical emergency due to its high capacity for rapid destruction of cartilage.

Also: acute infectious arthritis · bacterial joint infection

Septic hip arthritis in infants Acute purulent infection of the coxofemoral joint in children under one year of age, considered a medical emergency due to the risk of necrosis of the head of the femur.

Also: septic coxitis in infants · purulent infection of the hip in children

Symmetrical arthritis Pattern of joint involvement in which the same joints on both sides of the body become inflamed simultaneously, a characteristic clinical and histological feature of rheumatoid arthritis.

Also: symmetrical joint inflammation · bilateral symmetrical joint involvement

Jaccoud arthropathy Mobile and totally reducible joint deformity of the hands, characterized by ulnar deviation and subluxations without bone erosions in radiological studies, typical of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Also: non-erosive deforming arthropathy · reducible Jaccoud deformity

Hydroxyapatite arthropathy Joint and tendon pathology induced by abnormal precipitation of basic calcium phosphate crystals, classically associated with calcifying tendinitis and Milwaukee shoulder.

Also: arthropathy due to basic calcium phosphate · calcifying joint pathology

Calcium pyrophosphate arthropathy Joint disorder caused by the deposit of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in the articular cartilage, usually manifested as acute attacks of pseudogout.

Also: calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease · Articular CPPD

Sudeck bone atrophy Localized mottled bone demineralization seen on radiographic studies of patients with advanced complex regional pain syndrome.

Also: Sudeck bone demineralization · Sudeck regional mottled osteoporosis

Baricitinib Oral immunosuppressant that acts as a selective inhibitor of Janus kinases type 1 and 2, indicated for the treatment of moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis in adults.

Also: JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor · selective Janus kinase immunosuppressant

Belimumab Human monoclonal antibody that selectively inhibits the biological activity of the soluble B lymphocyte stimulator, used in the management of refractory systemic lupus erythematosus.

Also: anti-BAFF antibody · systemic BLyS inhibitor

Weakly positive pyrophosphate birefringence Optical diffraction property by which rhomboidal calcium pyrophosphate crystals appear bright blue when aligned to the compensating axis.

Also: pyrophosphate birefringence · weakly positive optical pattern of calcium pyrophosphate

Strongly negative urate birefringence Optical property by which needle-shaped monosodium urate crystals change to a bright yellow color under compensated polarized light.

Also: urate birefringence · strongly negative optical pattern of monosodium urate

Negative birefringence Refractive optical property by which monosodium urate crystals appear yellow when oriented parallel to the axis of the compensator of a polarized light microscope.

Also: strongly negative birefringence · uratic birefringence of polarized light

Positive birefringence Optical refraction property in which calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals appear blue when aligned parallel to the axis of the polarized light compensator.

Also: weakly positive birefringence · polarized light pyrophosphate birefringence

Anserine bursitis Inflammatory process located in the internal serous bursa of the knee, where the tendons of the crow's foot are inserted, characterized by pain when walking and climbing stairs.

Also: Goose foot bursitis · inflammation of the anserine bursa

Olecranon bursitis Inflammation of the synovial bursa located on the surface of the olecranon in the elbow, commonly caused by chronic trauma, gout or direct infection.

Also: elbow bursitis · inflamed olecranon hygroma

Subacromial bursitis Inflammation of the serous bursa interposed between the acromion and the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle, which constitutes one of the main extrinsic causes of painful shoulder syndrome.

Also: subdeltoid bursitis · inflammation of the subacromial bursa

Trochanteric bursitis Painful inflammation of the synovial bursae that cover the greater trochanter of the femur, manifested as exquisite pain on the lateral aspect of the hip that is exacerbated when lying laterally.

Also: greater trochanter pain syndrome · painful trochanteritis

Periungual capillaroscopy Non-invasive diagnostic method that analyzes in vivo the capillary morphology of the nail bed, essential to discriminate primary from secondary Raynaud's phenomenon.

Also: capillaroscopy of the nail bed · periungual microvascular study

Adhesive capsulitis Disorder characterized by diffuse pain and progressive and marked limitation of active and passive mobility of the glenohumeral joint, due to fibrosis of the joint capsule.

Also: frozen shoulder · adhesive scapulohumeral periarthritis · glenohumeral capsular rigidity

Certolizumab pegol Fab fragment of pegylated humanized monoclonal antibody directed against tumor necrosis factor alpha, used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis.

Also: pegylated anti-TNF · pegylated anti-TNF alpha immunomodulator

Cyclophosphamide Cytotoxic alkylating agent with potent immunosuppressive action, reserved for the control of severe life-threatening autoimmune manifestations, such as proliferative lupus nephritis.

Also: immunosuppressive alkylating agent · cytostatic immunomodulator

Colchicine Alkaloid that interferes with the polymerization of mitotic tubulin and blocks the chemotaxis of neutrophils, used in the treatment of acute gout and familial Mediterranean fever.

Also: cellular tubulin inhibitor · microcrystalline antipodalic therapy

Bamboo cane column Radiological spinal deformity characteristic of the late phases of ankylosing spondylitis, caused by continuous fusion of the vertebral bodies through marginal syndesmophytes.

Also: bamboo thorn · total ankylosing vertebral fusion

Chondrocalcinosis Linear calcification of hyaline articular cartilage or fibrocartilage visible by radiological studies, strongly indicative of deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate.

Also: calcification of articular cartilage · synovial fibrocartilage ossification

Consumption of supplements through classical means Marked decrease in the levels of serum C3 and C4 proteins due to their active use in the classic activation cascade induced by immune complexes.

Also: hypocomplementemia due to consumption of C3 and C4 · classic consumption of the complement

Sydenham Korea Late neurological manifestation of acute rheumatic fever characterized by rapid involuntary movements, muscle weakness and emotional lability, induced by cross-linked antibodies.

Also: rheumatic chorea · Saint Vitus dance

Sclerodermic renal crisis Serious medical emergency observed in patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis, characterized by the sudden onset of malignant arterial hypertension, acute kidney injury and hyperreninemia.

Also: renal scleroderma crisis · acute renal failure due to scleroderma

Dactylitis Diffuse inflammation of the entire finger or toe due to flexor tenosynovitis and simultaneous arthritis, known clinically as sausage finger.

Also: finger in sausage · diffuse inflammatory digital swelling

Swan neck deformity Anatomical alteration characterized by persistent hyperextension of the proximal interphalangeal joint with compensatory flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint, typical of progressive rheumatoid arthritis.

Also: hyperextension of the IFP · rheumatoid digital gooseneck

Buttonhole deformity Anatomical alteration characterized by fixed flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint associated with hyperextension of the distal interphalangeal joint, due to rupture of the central tendon band.

Also: boutonnière deformity · finger in buttonhole due to tendon rupture

Z deformity of the thumb Destructive joint alteration of the first finger of the hand consisting of flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joint with compensatory hyperextension of the interphalangeal joint, common in rheumatoid arthritis.

Also: thumb in Z · severe rheumatoid thumb deformity

Dermatomyositis Idiopathic systemic inflammatory myopathy characterized by progressive proximal muscle weakness and specific skin lesions such as heliotrope erythema and Gottron papules.

Also: cutaneous inflammatory myopathy · immune-mediated erythematous myositis

Ulnar deviation of the metacarpophalangeal joint Fixed joint deformity in which the fingers deviate laterally towards the ulna bone, a consequence of laxity and subluxation of the metacarpophalangeal joints.

Also: fixed ulnar burst · ulnar metacarpophalangeal subluxation

Ulnar deviation of the fingers Fixed joint deformity in which the phalanges of the fingers deviate laterally towards the ulna bone, a consequence of chronic inflammation of the capsuloligamentous apparatus of the knuckles.

Also: ulnar burst · ulnar deviation of MCP joints

Childhood growing pains Benign musculoskeletal pain syndrome of an intermittent nature and predominantly nocturnal that affects the lower limbs in school-age children, without an inflammatory cause.

Also: growing pains · benign extremity pains of childhood

Benign growing pains Self-limited episodes of deep, dull pain in the muscles of the lower limbs in school-age children, predominantly nocturnal and without analytical alterations.

Also: benign nocturnal musculoskeletal pain in children

Behçet's disease Chronic multisystem vasculitis of unknown cause characterized by the classic triad of recurrent oral thrush, painful genital ulcers, and vision-threatening posterior uveitis.

Also: Behçet syndrome · multisystem Behçet's vasculitis

Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease Self-limited idiopathic avascular necrosis of the head of the femur that affects pediatric patients, clinically manifested by insidious onset lameness and limitation of hip abduction.

Also: coxa plana · infantile avascular necrosis of the hip · infantile femoral avascular necrosis

Adult Still's disease Systemic autoinflammatory pathology clinically characterized by daily fever in high peaks, arthritis, evanescent maculopapular skin rash and extremely high levels of serum ferritin.

Also: Still of the adult · systemic idiopathic Still's syndrome

Undifferentiated connective tissue disease Clinical entity in which a patient presents clinical and serological signs of a systemic autoimmune connective tissue disease but without meeting the classification criteria of a specific pathology.

Also: EITC · systemic undifferentiated connective tissue disease

Mixed connective tissue disease Autoimmune overlap syndrome characterized by clinical manifestations of lupus, systemic sclerosis and polymyositis, associated with the unequivocal presence of anti-U1-RNP antibodies.

Also: EMTC · overlap Sharp syndrome

Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease Rheumatic condition characterized by intra-articular precipitation of pyrophosphate crystals, manifested as chondrocalcinosis or acute attacks of joint inflammation.

Also: articular chondrocalcinosis · pseudogout due to dicalcium pyrophosphate

IgG4-related disease Fibroinflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration rich in IgG4+ plasma cells, storiform fibrosis and swelling of target organs.

Also: ER-IgG4 · systemic sclerosis due to immunoglobulin G4

Enthesophytum Abnormal bone projection at the insertion point of a tendon or ligament, produced by persistent mechanical traction processes or as an inflammatory response for local bone repair.

Also: insertional osteophyte · localized bone entheseal calcification

Lateral epicondylitis Tendinopathy of the insertion of the extensor muscles of the wrist and fingers on the lateral epicondyle, usually due to repetitive microtrauma.

Also: tennis elbow · lateral epicondylar tendonitis due to overuse

Medial epicondylitis Inflammatory or degenerative lesion that affects the insertion of the flexor and pronator muscles of the wrist in the humeral epitrochlea, associated with repeated flexion movements.

Also: golfer's elbow · painful epitroleitis due to overexertion

Scleral nodular episcleritis Inflammation located in the anterior portion of the episclera that manifests clinically as a raised red nodule that is painful on direct ocular palpation.

Also: focal nodular episcleritis · sectoral episcleral inflammation

Ocular nodular episcleritis Localized inflammation in the episcleral tissue of the eye that appears in the form of a red, mobile nodule, occasionally associated with systemic connective tissue diseases.

Also: nodular episcleritis · nodular inflammatory episcleral condition

Simple ocular episcleritis Diffuse and transient inflammation of the superficial vascular tissue of the eye, which presents with sectoral or global redness and moderate pain, common in autoimmune outbreaks.

Also: diffuse episcleritis · simple episcleral inflammation · transient episcleral congestion

Heliotrope erythema Violaceous erythematous discoloration located on the upper eyelids and periorbital area, which may be accompanied by local edema and is pathognomonic of active dermatomyositis.

Also: heliotrope rash · myositic violaceous periorbital erythema

Rheumatic erythema marginatum Transient, erythematous skin lesion with raised, non-pruritic edges that spreads centrifugally on the trunk and extremities, characteristic of rheumatic fever.

Also: erythema marginatum · transient rash of rheumatic fever

Childhood post-streptococcal erythema nodosum Appearance of painful erythematous subcutaneous nodules on the anterior surface of the tibias in children, after a streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis infection.

Also: post-streptococcal panniculitis · erythema nodosum of infantile onset

Marginal subchondral bone erosion Loss of continuity of the subchondral bone located at the edges of the joint where the cartilage is thinner, a characteristic sign of rheumatoid arthritis.

Also: marginal erosion · articular marginal subchondral bone destruction

Buschke scleredema Skin disorder characterized by induration and symmetrical thickening of the skin that affects the neck, shoulders and anterior surface of the thorax, strongly associated with diabetes mellitus.

Also: escleredema adultrum · Buschke's skin induration due to collagen deposition

Destructive posterior scleritis Severe inflammation of the posterior sclera that can threaten visual acuity, causing severe eye pain, macular edema and secondary retinal detachment.

Also: posterior scleritis · destructive posterior scleral inflammation

Generalized scleromyxedema Rare systemic cutaneous fibrosing disorder characterized by firm, diffuse papules associated with mucin deposition in the dermis and monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance.

Also: Arndt-Gottron scleromyxedema · generalized lichen myxedematosis

Lumbar spinal sclerosis Narrowing of the spinal canal in the lumbar region that exerts mechanical compression on the roots of the cauda equina, causing neurogenic claudication.

Also: lumbar canal stenosis · compressive osteophytic lumbar stenosis

Reactive subchondral bone sclerosis Abnormal increase in bone density below the articular cartilage visible through radiological studies, as a compensatory mechanism against degenerative wear.

Also: subchondral sclerosis with mechanical characteristics · increase in joint bone density

Systemic sclerosis Multisystemic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive microvascular damage, immune dysfunction, and diffuse fibrosis of the skin and internal organs.

Also: scleroderma · systemic fibrosing scleroderma

Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis Variant of systemic sclerosis characterized by skin thickening limited to the distal portions of the extremities and face, slowly evolving and associated with CREST syndrome.

Also: limited scleroderma · limited systemic sclerosis of the skin

Axial spondyloarthritis Group of inflammatory spondyloarthropathies characterized by preferentially affecting the axial skeleton, including the spine and sacroiliac joints.

Also: spondyloarthritis of the axial skeleton · Inflammatory axial SpA

Peripheral spondyloarthritis A form of chronic inflammatory spondyloarthropathy in which the clinical manifestations predominate in the peripheral joints and entheses, usually in the lower extremities.

Also: Peripheral SpA · lower extremity spondyloarthropathy

Rheumatoid factor Autoantibody directed against the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin G, useful for diagnosis in rheumatoid arthritis, although it may be elevated in other connective tissue diseases.

Also: plasma antirheumatoid immunoglobulin

Eosinophilic fasciitis Uncommon fibrosing disorder characterized by inflammation and marked thickening of the deep fascia and subcutaneous tissue, accompanied by peripheral eosinophilia.

Also: Shulman syndrome · deep eosinophilic fascial inflammation

Plantar fasciitis Degenerative or inflammatory process of the plantar fascia of the foot that originates from repetitive microtrauma at its insertion into the calcaneus, manifested as acute pain in the heel.

Also: plantar enthesopathy · painful heel spur insertion · plantar heel pain

Febuxostat Selective non-purine inhibitor drug of the xanthine oxidase enzyme used for the long-term control of hyperuricemia in patients with intolerance to allopurinol.

Also: non-purine xanthine oxidase inhibitor · selective non-purine hypouricemicant

Fibromyalgia Chronic generalized pain syndrome of unknown etiology, characterized by an alteration in the central processing of painful stimulation, associated with fatigue and sleep disorders.

Also: generalized pain syndrome · centralized fibromyositis

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis Severe and progressive fibrosing disorder that affects the skin and internal organs of patients with renal failure exposed to gadolinium-based contrast media.

Also: nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy · fibrosing sclerosis due to gadolinium

Ireland Family Fever Classic variant of periodic syndrome associated with tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 mutations, characterized by prolonged bouts of fever accompanied by peritonitis.

Also: hereditary periodic fever due to TNFRSF1A · TRAPS family classic

Decreased filancy of synovial fluid Loss of the property of forming a continuous thread of more than three centimeters when removing the drop from the joint fluid, characteristic of inflammatory processes.

Also: reduced synovial filance · pathological joint fluid filance test

Tendon rub Tactile sensation of rough friction that occurs when mobilizing an inflamed tendon through its synovial sheath, a characteristic semiological finding of tenosynovitis in systemic sclerosis.

Also: tendon friction rub · active tendon sheath crepitus

Articular subchondral geode Cystic cavity filled with fluid or fibrous tissue that is located in the bone below the worn cartilage, visible in radiological studies of osteoarthritis.

Also: subchondral bone cyst · degenerative joint geode

Golimumab High affinity fully human monoclonal antibody designed to selectively neutralize tomoral necrosis factor alpha, prescribed in the management of rheumatoid arthritis.

Also: human anti-TNF monoclonal antibody · human anti-TNF alpha immunosuppressant

Chronic tophaceous gout Advanced phase of gout characterized by the formation and cumulative deposition of solid aggregates of monosodium urate crystals in joints and organs.

Also: chronic destructive gout · generalized urate gouty tophi

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis Systemic necrotizing vasculitis of small and medium caliber vessels that predominantly affects the upper and lower respiratory tract and the kidneys.

Also: small vessel Wegener's granulomatous vasculitis

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis Necrotizing vasculitis of small and medium vessels characterized by severe asthma that is difficult to control, transient pulmonary infiltrates and marked peripheral hypereosinophilia.

Also: allergic granulomatous small vessel vasculitis

Diffuse lupus alveolar hemorrhage Serious medical emergency caused by lupus pulmonary capillaritis that generates massive bleeding within the alveoli, manifested clinically with a drop in hemoglobin.

Also: diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in lupus · diffuse autoimmune alveolar bleeding

Hydroxychloroquine Immunomodulatory drug from the family of synthetic antimalarials that acts by inhibiting antigen presentation and Toll-like receptor signaling in lupus.

Also: immunomodulatory antimalarial · lysosomal modulator of lymphocytes and dendritic cells

Milwaukee Shoulder Severe destructive and senile arthropathy characterized by massive rupture of the rotator cuff and joint effusion with massive deposition of basic calcium phosphate crystals.

Also: destructive calcium basic phosphate arthropathy · senile Milwaukee shoulder syndrome

Swimmer's painful shoulder Tendinopathy due to overuse that predominantly affects the rotator cuff and the tendon of the long head of the biceps, due to repetitive circumduction movements.

Also: athlete subacromial impingement syndrome · shoulder tendonitis due to overexertion

Atlantoaxial instability Abnormal laxity of the joint between the atlas and axis due to the destruction of the transverse ligament due to chronic synovitis, a serious neurological complication in rheumatic arthritis.

Also: active atlantoaxial subluxation · rheumatoid atlantoaxial laxity · non-traumatic atlantoaxial subluxation

Ixekizumab Humanized monoclonal antibody that acts by selectively inhibiting interleukin-17A, approved for the treatment of moderately to severely active psoriatic arthritis.

Also: anti-IL17A antibody · high affinity anti-IL-17 immunomodulator

Elevated synovial lactate Presence of increased levels of lactic acid in the joint fluid due to anaerobic leukocyte metabolism, of great diagnostic utility in septic arthritis.

Also: increased lactate in joint fluid · infectious synovial latacidosis

Leflunomide Immunosuppressive drug that blocks the biosynthesis of de novo pyrimidines by inhibiting the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, decreasing the proliferation of activated lymphocytes.

Also: dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor · pyrimidine immunomodulator of T lymphocytes

Synovial fluid Viscous and transparent fluid produced by the synovial membrane that lubricates and nourishes the articular cartilage of the diarthrodial joints of the skeleton.

Also: joint fluid · synovial humor of diarthrodial joints

Septic-type synovial fluid Purulent-looking joint fluid characterized by extremely low viscosity, leukocyte count greater than 50,000 cells per microliter with more than 90% neutrophils.

Also: purulent joint fluid · bacterial septic arthritis fluid

Inflammatory synovial fluid Joint fluid characterized by a decrease in viscosity, an increase in proteins and a leukocyte count of between 2,000 and 50,000 per microliter, with a predominance of polymorphonuclear cells.

Also: inflammatory joint fluid · non-infectious cloudy synovial fluid

Chronic hypertrophic cutaneous lupus erythematosus Uncommon variant of discoid lupus erythematosus characterized by the presence of warty, thick and very keratotic lesions located on extensor surfaces.

Also: hypertrophic lupus · warty discoid lupus erythematosus

Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus Variant of lupus characterized by non-scarring annular, polycyclic or psoriasiform photosensitive skin lesions, strongly associated with the presence of anti-Ro/SSA antibodies.

Also: subacute cutaneous lupus · subacute cutaneous involvement of lupus erythematosus

Discoid lupus erythematosus A form of chronic cutaneous lupus characterized by erythematous, scaly, and hyperkeratotic plaques located in areas exposed to the sun, which clinically present with atrophy and scars.

Also: chronic discoid lupus · chronic scarring cutaneous lupus plaques

Facial localized discoid lupus erythematosus Presence of erythematous, scaling and scarring plaques limited exclusively to the head and neck region, with a predilection for the cheeks and ears.

Also: localized discoid lupus · facial chronic lupus plaques

Lupus erythematosus subcutaneous panniculitis Variant of chronic lupus erythematosus that selectively affects the subcutaneous cellular tissue, causing depressed plaques after the resolution of the inflammation.

Also: subcutaneous lupus panniculitis · lupus subcutaneous fatty atrophy

Deep lupus erythematosus Form of cutaneous lupus characterized by firm and painful subcutaneous nodules that correspond to lupus panniculitis, typically located on the shoulders, buttocks and thighs.

Also: lupus panniculitis · lupus deep dermal panniculitis

Neonatal systemic lupus erythematosus Transient clinical syndrome caused by the transplacental passage of maternal IgG anti-Ro/SSA or anti-La/SSB antibodies to the fetus, manifested with definitive congenital heart block.

Also: autoimmune neonatal lupus · fetal lupus syndrome due to maternal antibodies

Drug-induced lupus Reversible autoimmune syndrome that shares clinical and analytical similarities with idiopathic systemic lupus, triggered by prolonged exposure to specific medications.

Also: pharmacological lupus · iatrogenic lupus syndrome due to medications

Compensated polarized light Microscopic technique that uses polarizing filters coordinated with a color compensator to determine the physical properties of optical refraction of synovial crystals.

Also: compensation polarized light microscopy · polarized light synovial crystal microscope

Gaenslen maneuver Physical test of painful provocation of the axial skeleton, in which the coxofemoral joint is hyperextended while the contralateral joint is maintained in forced flexion.

Also: Gaenslen test · provocation of sacroiliac joint due to hyperextension

Patrick's maneuver Physical examination test of the hip and pelvis in which the coxofemoral joint is placed in flexion, abduction and external rotation to differentiate coxofemoral from sacroiliac pathology.

Also: FABERE test · Patrick-Fabere hip test

Mechanic's hands Symmetrical dermatological lesion characterized by hyperkeratosis, peeling and painful fissures on the lateral and palmar surfaces of the fingers, closely associated with antisynthetase syndrome.

Also: fissured hyperkeratosis of the fingers · mechanic's peeling of hands

Compensating polarized light microscope Optical instrument equipped with two polarizing filters and a first-order wave delay compensator, essential for identifying crystals in joint fluid.

Also: polarized light microscope for crystals · optical synovial fluid analyzer

Compressive lupus transverse myelitis Extremely serious and rare central neurological complication due to inflammation or ischemia of the spinal cord due to vasculitis, manifested with paraparesis or sensory level.

Also: lupus myelitis · acute spinal cord involvement due to lupus erythematosus

Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy Autoimmune myopathy characterized by rapidly progressive proximal symmetrical muscle weakness and marked necrosis of muscle fibers with minimal inflammatory infiltrate.

Also: autoimmune necrotizing myopathy · active necrotizing myositis due to anti-HMGCR or anti-SRP antibodies

Steroidal vacuolar myopathy Symmetrical and progressive proximal muscle weakness induced by prolonged treatment with high doses of glucocorticoids, characterized by atrophy of type II muscle fibers.

Also: corticosteroid myopathy · steroid-induced muscle atrophy

Inclusion body myositis Chronic idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by asymmetric and insidious muscle weakness with early involvement of the finger flexors and quadriceps.

Also: myopathy with rimmed vacuoles · insidious progression inclusion myositis

Acute knee monoarthritis Sudden painful inflammation limited to a single knee joint, which necessarily requires diagnostic arthrocentesis to rule out infection.

Also: acute knee inflammation · acute femorotibial monoarthritis

Chronic hip monoarthritis Persistent inflammatory process located exclusively in the coxofemoral joint for more than six weeks of evolution, which requires ruling out joint tuberculosis.

Also: chronic coxofemoral condition · unilateral chronic monoarthritis of the hip

Morphea in saber strike A form of linear scleroderma located on the forehead or scalp that resembles the scar left by a sword blow, which can cause bone atrophy.

Also: frontoparietal morphea · scleroderma in facial saber blow

Morphea in plates Most common subtype of localized scleroderma characterized by the presence of indurated skin plaques, pearly in color with a violet halo of peripheral activity.

Also: localized scleroderma in plaques · circumscribed morphea

Acute hemorrhagic lupus pneumonitis Acute and life-threatening inflammatory pulmonary complication, characterized by fever, cough, severe dyspnea, diffuse alveolar infiltrates and secondary hemoptysis.

Also: acute lupus pneumonitis · acute lung involvement due to lupus erythematosus

Morton's neuroma Degenerative entrapment and thickening of the interdigital nerve between the heads of the metatarsals, which causes localized burning pain and hypoesthesia in the interdigital space.

Also: intermetatarsal neuroma · painful Morton's metatarsalgia · Morton's metatarsalgia

Bouchard's nodes Hard, non-painful bone thickenings located in the proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers, pathognomonic of degenerative damage.

Also: proximal interphalangeal hypertrophy · Bouchard osteophytosis of PIP joints

Heberden's nodes Firm bony protuberances located on the dorsal surface of the distal interphalangeal joints of the hands, which represent characteristic degenerative osteophytes.

Also: distal interphalangeal hypertrophy · Heberden osteophytosis of DIP joints

Rheumatoid nodules Subcutaneous masses of firm consistency that typically develop on extension surfaces of joints subjected to pressure in seropositive patients.

Also: cutaneous rheumatoid granulomas · subcutaneous rheumatoid arthritis nodules of extension surfaces

Subcutaneous Meynet nodules Small hard, painless and mobile masses located on bony prominences of the joints, which appear during the acute phase of active rheumatic fever.

Also: rheumatic subcutaneous nodules · periarticular nodules of rheumatic fever

Asymmetric oligoarthritis of the lower limbs Inflammatory compromise that affects between two and four joints of the legs unequally, a classic pattern of spondyloarthropathies.

Also: asymmetric oligoarticular involvement · asymmetrical swelling of the lower extremities

Hip osteoarthritis Chronic and degenerative wear of the cartilage that covers the coxofemoral joint, usually manifested with inguinal pain that radiates to the knee and joint stiffness.

Also: coxarthrosis · hip osteoarthritis with mechanical characteristics

Hand osteoarthritis Chronic degenerative joint disease of a primary non-inflammatory nature that predominantly affects the distal interphalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints.

Also: hand osteoarthritis · degenerative arthropathy of the fingers

Knee osteoarthritis Degenerative joint pathology that affects the articular cartilage of the femorotibial and patellofemoral joint, causing mechanical pain and functional limitation.

Also: gonarthrosis · knee osteoarthritis with mechanical characteristics

Erosive osteoarthritis Subtype of hand osteoarthritis with a very marked acute inflammatory component, characterized by repetitive episodes of pain, local swelling and visible central bone erosions.

Also: erosive osteoarthritis · destructive inflammatory degenerative arthropathy of the hands

Secondary hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy Syndrome characterized by the triad of clubbing, symmetrical arthritis of the ankles and knees, and painful periostitis of the long bones, secondary to pulmonary pathology.

Also: secondary Marie-Bamberger syndrome · pulmonary hypertrophic periostitis

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis Uncommon pediatric autoinflammatory disease that causes painful inflammatory lesions in multiple bones, of a non-infectious nature and fluctuating course.

Also: CRMO · recurrent sterile osteomyelitis

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head Pathological process derived from the temporary or permanent interruption of the blood supply to the head of the femur, which causes bone cell death and collapse of the subchondral bone.

Also: avascular necrosis of the hip · vascular femoral head infarction

Synovial pannus Invasive membrane of hyperplastic and neovascularized granulation tissue, rich in inflammatory cells, capable of actively degrading articular cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis.

Also: synovial cloth · invading joint tissue from destructive arthritis

Gottron papules Erythematous, papular or violaceous raised skin lesions located symmetrically on the extension surfaces of the joints of the hands, pathognomonic of dermatomyositis.

Also: Gottron's articular plates · erythema nodosum of the myositic knuckles

Microscopic polyangiitis Systemic non-granulomatous necrotizing vasculitis predominantly affecting small vessels, associated with rapidly progressive necrotizing glomerulonephritis.

Also: microscopic necrotizing vasculitis of small vessels

Polyarteritis nodosa Systemic necrotizing vasculitis that exclusively affects medium and small caliber arteries, characterized by the formation of segmental aneurysms and abdominal pain.

Also: Classic BREAD · polyarteritis nodosa of muscular arteries

Acute migratory polyarthritis Pattern of joint inflammation in which symptoms move sequentially from one joint to another, a classic sign of active rheumatic fever.

Also: migratory polyarticular involvement · acute onset migratory arthritis

Symmetrical inflammatory polyarthropathy Simultaneous and bilateral inflammation of multiple joints, which suggests rheumatic arthritis or systemic lupus as the main suspected diagnoses.

Also: symmetrical polyarticular involvement · bilateral inflammation of multiple joints

Recurrent polychondritis Idiopathic and immune-mediated systemic disease characterized by recurrent outbreaks of destructive inflammation of the cartilaginous tissue, usually involving the ear pinnae.

Also: recurrent systemic chondritis · inflammatory panchondritis of cartilaginous tissue

Polymyalgia rheumatica Inflammatory disorder of unknown cause in patients over 50 years of age, characterized by bilateral pain and persistent stiffness in the shoulders, neck and pelvic girdle.

Also: muscular rheumatism in the elderly · proximal inflammatory myalgia of the shoulder and pelvic girdles

Polymyositis Inflammatory myopathy of autoimmune origin characterized by symmetrical and progressive proximal muscle weakness that presents with endomysial inflammatory infiltrates of CD8+ T lymphocytes.

Also: diffuse idiopathic inflammatory myopathy · autoimmune chronic proximal myositis

Joint fluid flow test Simple clinical technique consisting of measuring the length of the thread formed by the synovial fluid dripping from the syringe, indicative of the degree of local inflammation.

Also: joint filance test · determination of synovial filance

Pathergy test Complementary diagnostic test that evaluates the nonspecific reactivity of the skin to microtrauma caused by a needle, whose positivity is highly suggestive of Behçet's disease.

Also: pathergy test · Behçet skin hyperreactivity needle test

Henoch-Schönlein purple Systemic small vessel vasculitis mediated by tissue deposition of immunoglobulin A immune complexes, characterized by the triad of palpable purpura, abdominal pain and renal failure.

Also: IgA vasculitis · immunological anaphylactoid purpura

Palmoplantar pustulosis Chronic neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by recurrent outbreaks of sterile pustules on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, strongly associated with SAPHO syndrome.

Also: palmar and plantar pustulosis · of the palmoplantar portion in SAPHO syndrome

Severe keratojunctivitis sicca Advanced ocular manifestation of Sjögren's syndrome characterized by the destruction of the lacrimal glands, which causes extreme dryness, corneal ulceration and photophobia.

Also: severe dry eye · destructive autoimmune xerophthalmia · Sjögren's severe autoimmune xerophthalmia

Differential cell count in synovial fluid Cytological analysis that quantifies the percentage of neutrophils, lymphocytes and histiocytes present in the joint fluid to discriminate inflammation from active infection.

Also: synovial fluid cytology · differential leukocyte count of joint fluid

Acral lupus chilblain Maculopapular lesions or cold-induced erythematous-violet plaques, located symmetrically on the dorsum of the fingers, characteristic of systemic forms.

Also: chilblain lupus · acral location lupus pernium

Sacroiliitis Inflammation of one or both sacroiliac joints that constitutes the defining radiographic and imaging finding of axial spondyloarthritis.

Also: inflammatory sacroiliitis · sacroiliac inflammation of the pelvic joints

Sarilumab Humanized monoclonal antibody that acts by competitively blocking both the soluble interleukin-6 receptor and the one bound to the cell membrane, used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Also: IL-6 receptor inhibitor · recombinant anti-IL-6R biological modulator

Sindesmofito Vertical bone calcification that originates within the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc and progresses connecting the edges of two adjacent vertebrae.

Also: vertical discovertebral ossification · spinal bone bridge of spondyloarthropathies

Marginal syndesmophyte Specific type of syndesmophyte with a symmetrical and vertical course that arises directly from the marginal edge of the vertebral body, characteristic and defining of ankylosing spondylitis.

Also: marginal bone bridge · vertical marginal disc calcification

Non-marginal syndesmophyte Syndesmophyte with a thicker, asymmetric and curved path that originates from the middle portion of the vertebral body, common in conditions such as psoriatic arthritis.

Also: thick asymmetrical osteophyte · paravertebral ossification of curved tract psoriatic arthritis

Intervertebral bridge syndesmophyte Vertical bone formation that completely joins the adjacent edges of two vertebral bodies, preventing the mobility of the affected spinal segment.

Also: intervertebral bone bridge · total discovertebral ossification of the spine

Macrophage activation syndrome Potentially fatal systemic complication secondary to uncontrolled activation and proliferation of macrophages and CD8+ T lymphocytes, characterized by extreme pancytopenia.

Also: secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis · MAS activation of tissue macrophages

Familial Blau syndrome Autoinflammatory disease of autosomal dominant inheritance clinically characterized by the triad of granulomatous uveitis, papulosquamous dermatitis and symmetric granulomatous arthritis.

Also: early onset familial sarcoidosis · Blau familial granulomatosis

Cogan syndrome Rare autoimmune disorder clinically manifested by non-syphilitic interstitial keratitis typically associated with severe vestibulocochlear dysfunction such as progressive hearing loss and tinnitus.

Also: autoimmune vestibulo-ocular syndrome · keratophrenopathy with hearing loss of immunological origin

Felty syndrome Complication of long-standing rheumatoid arthritis characterized by the triad of persistent erosive arthritis, marked splenomegaly, and chronic neutropenia.

Also: rheumatoid arthritis with neutropenia · Felty's rheumatoid splenomegaly with neutropenia

Joint hypermobility syndrome Benign disorder of the elasticity of connective tissues in which the joints have a range of motion that exceeds normal anatomical limits.

Also: benign joint hypermobility · generalized joint laxity of the ligaments

Lofgren's syndrome Acute and benign presentation of sarcoidosis, characterized by the clinical triad of erythema nodosum, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and polyarthritis, usually in the ankles.

Also: acute Löfgren's sarcoidosis · bilateral joint Löfgren syndrome

Myositis syndrome due to antisynthetase antibodies Autoimmune syndrome clinically characterized by the association of inflammatory myopathy, diffuse interstitial lung disease, Raynaud's phenomenon and antisynthetase antibodies.

Also: antisynthetase antibody myopathy · systemic disease due to anti-tRNA synthetase

Muckle-Wells syndrome Hereditary autoinflammatory disease belonging to the spectrum of cryopyrin-associated syndromes, manifested by cold-induced recurrent urticaria, sensorineural deafness and amyloidosis.

Also: urticaria-deafness-amyloidosis · intermediate CAPS autoinflammatory syndrome

Parry-Romberg syndrome Disorder characterized by slow and progressive atrophy of the subcutaneous cellular tissue, muscle and bone of one half of the face, associated with linear scleroderma.

Also: progressive facial hemiatrophy · facial Romberg-Parry syndrome

SAPHO syndrome Clinical entity characterized by the pathological association of synovitis, severe acne, palmoplantar pustulosis, focal bone hyperostosis and sterile destructive osteitis.

Also: SAPHO osteocutaneous syndrome · synovitis with hyperostosis of autoimmune origin

Schnitzler syndrome Uncommon autoinflammatory pathology clinically characterized by chronic non-pruritic urticaria, recurrent fever, bone pain, arthritis and the presence of IgM monoclonal gammopathy.

Also: IgM autoinflammatory syndrome · urticaria with monoclonal gammopathy

Overlap syndrome Clinical condition in which a patient simultaneously meets the diagnostic and classification criteria for more than one defined autoimmune connective tissue disease.

Also: overlap syndrome · mixed or overlapping systemic connective tissue disease

Uveitis syndrome with tubulointerstitial nephritis Rare autoimmune disorder characterized by the simultaneous or sequential presence of bilateral ocular inflammation and acute tubulointerstitial nephritis.

Also: TINU · tubulointerstitial nephritis with autoimmune uveitis

Complex regional pain syndrome type I Chapter of chronic pain located in an extremity that develops after a minor tissue injury without evidence of damage to an identifiable peripheral nerve.

Also: reflex algodystrophy · reflex sympathetic dystrophy type I

Complex regional pain syndrome type II Chronic and localized painful condition that is triggered directly after a proven injury or trauma to a main peripheral nerve of the extremity.

Also: causalgia · reflex sympathetic dystrophy type II due to neurological damage

TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome Monogenic autoinflammatory disease of autosomal dominant inheritance caused by pathogenic variants in the TNFRSF1A gene, manifested with prolonged fever and migratory myalgias.

Also: TRAPS · Irish familial fever due to TNF receptor mutation

Wrist joint synovitis Inflammation of the synovial membrane of the radiocarpal joint, which causes swelling on the back of the wrist, exquisite pain on flexion and extension, and limitation.

Also: radiocarpal synovitis · autoimmune wrist joint inflammation

Synovitis due to cholesterol crystals Chronic joint inflammation caused by the intrasynovial accumulation of flat cholesterol crystals with angular notches, common in long-standing joint effusions.

Also: cholesterol arthropathy · joint effusion due to lipid crystals

Synovitis due to calcium oxalate crystals Joint inflammation secondary to the precipitation of dipyramidal calcium oxalate crystals in patients with advanced renal failure undergoing dialysis.

Also: calcium oxalate arthropathy · articular oxalosis due to microcrystalline deposits

Remitting seronegative symmetric synovitis with pitting edema Geriatric rheumatic syndrome characterized by the appearance of symmetrical polyarthritis of the hands and feet associated with a very striking edema that leaves a pit.

Also: RS3PE · edematous polyarthritis in the elderly with bilateral pitting

Transient hip synovitis Acute self-limited inflammatory process of the hip joint common in childhood, clinically manifested by spontaneous claudication following a respiratory infection.

Also: transient acute coxitis in children · self-limited irritable hip of the child · irritable hip · acute synovitis of the hip in children

Tenosynovitis Focalized inflammatory process that simultaneously affects a tendon and its protective synovial sheath, common in overexertion or autoimmune conditions.

Also: tendovaginal inflammation · tendon sheath synovitis of peripheral tendons

De Quervain's tenosynovitis Painful condition caused by stenosing inflammation of the tendon sheaths of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis muscles as they pass through the styloid canal.

Also: de Quervain's sprained thumb · stenosing tenosynovitis of the first extensor compartment of the wrist · tenosynovitis of the first extensor compartment · De Quervain's sclerosant

Tenosynovitis of wrist joint extensors Inflammatory process that affects the tendons on the back of the wrist responsible for extension, manifested clinically as localized pain and crepitation.

Also: wrist extensor tenosynovitis · inflammation of dorsal extensor tendons

Tenosynovitis of flexors of the fingers of the hand Inflammation of the flexor tendons and their synovial sheaths in the palm of the hand, which can cause pain, functional limitation and trigger finger.

Also: hand flexor tenosynovitis · inflammation of the flexor tendons of the fingers

Infectious flexor tenosynovitis Acute bacterial infection of the flexor tendon sheath of the fingers of the hand that classically manifests with the four cardinal signs of Kanavel.

Also: tendon sheath infection of the fingers · purulent tenosynovitis of the hand

Finkelstein test Manual diagnostic test in which a passive ulnar deviation of the wrist is performed while the patient keeps the thumb flexed within his fist, indicating De Quervain's tenosynovitis.

Also: Finkelstein maneuver · painful provocation of the extensor compartment of the thumb due to ulnar deviation

Schober test Clinical physical examination test used to quantitatively measure the degree of active flexion mobility of the lumbar spine in patients with spondyloarthritis.

Also: Schober maneuver · of lumbar spinal compliance in ankylosing spondylitis

Gouty tophus of the ear Nodular deposit of monosodium urate crystals surrounded by a granulomatous foreign body reaction typically located in the helix of the pinna of the ear.

Also: atrial cough · gouty ear nodule due to urate

Gouty tophi of elbow joint Voluminous and deforming deposits of monosodium urate crystals located in the periarticular region of the elbow, which can cause severe chronic bursitis.

Also: olecranian tophi · periarticular nodules due to urate of the elbow joint

Recurrent acute anterior uveitis Recurrent inflammation of the anterior chamber of the eye that affects the iris and ciliary body, very frequently associated with seronegative and HLA-B27 spondyloarthritis.

Also: recurrent iridocyclitis · acute anterior uveitis associated with HLA-B27

Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis Immune-mediated inflammation of small vessels caused by the deposition of cryoglobulins precipitated by cold, manifested by palpable purpura and arthralgia.

Also: cryoglobulin vasculitis · cryoglobulinemic purpura due to immune complexes

Large vessel vasculitis Pathological classification of vasculitis characterized by preferentially involving the aorta artery and its major branches, such as giant cell arteritis.

Also: macrovascular vasculitis · inflammation of elastic arteries of large arterial caliber

Medium vessel vasculitis Group of vasculitis characterized by selectively affecting the main muscular arteries that supply specific organs, such as polyarteritis nodosa.

Also: mesovascular vasculitis · inflammation of medium-caliber arteries of visceral distribution

Small vessel vasculitis Subtype of systemic vasculitis characterized by inflammation of the smaller blood vessels of the human body, including arterioles, capillaries and venules.

Also: microvascular vasculitis · inflammation of microscopic vessels due to autoantibodies or complexes

Necrotizing retinal vasculitis Destructive inflammatory process of the blood vessels of the retina that causes vascular occlusion, retinal ischemia and vitreous hemorrhage, a serious complication of systemic vasculitis.

Also: retinal occlusive vasculitis · inflammation of retinal vessels

Reduced synovial fluid viscosity Physical alteration of the joint fluid characterized by the loss of lubricating capacity due to the depolymerization of hyaluronic acid by neutrophil enzymes.

Also: loss of synovial viscosity · non-viscous fluid synovial fluid

Rheumatology

Other glossary specialties