Stewart boarding Acid-base balance analytical method based on physical-chemical principles that considers SID, pCO2 and Atot as independent variables.

Also: Stewart model of acid-base equilibrium · Stewart's physical-chemical analysis

Hydrogen sulfide Highly toxic colorless gas with the smell of rotten eggs that produces respiratory and cellular paralysis by blocking mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase.

Also: hydrogen sulfide gas · hydrosulfuric acid · control hydrosulfuric acid

Weak non-volatile plasma acids Sum of the weak non-volatile buffer systems present in the plasma, mainly represented by albumin and phosphate.

Also: Plasma atot · total weak Stewart acids · total weak control Stewart acids

Total non-volatile weak acids Total plasma concentration of albumin, proteins and phosphates that act as non-volatile buffers in the blood plasma.

Also: Stewart's Atot · total plasmatic weak non-volatile acids

Dilutional acidosis Decrease in plasma pH due to reduction in the difference in strong ions after massive infusion of exogenous solutions free of buffers.

Also: volume expansion acidosis · hyperchloremic dilutional acidosis

Acute dilutional acidosis Acidosis with hyperchloremic characteristics induced by copious infusion of saline solution that dilutes plasma bicarbonate and reduces SID.

Also: acidosis due to salt expansion · dilutional hyperchloremic acidosis · control dilutional hyperchloremic acidosis

Lactic acidosis associated with metformin Critical picture of elevated anion gap acidosis due to accumulation of metformin in patients with acute renal failure.

Also: MALA · lactic acidosis due to metformin

Predictive serum lactate clearance Percentage decrease in serum lactate after a period of resuscitation, independently associated with lower in-hospital mortality.

Also: predictive lactate clearance · lactate clearance in shock · lactate clearance in control shock

Cytokine adsorption Purification technique that uses absorbent resin cartridges to physically remove circulating inflammatory mediators in sepsis.

Also: cytokine adsorbent hemoperfusion · extracorporeal cytokine removal

Controlled urinary alkalinization Sodium bicarbonate infusion technique in order to specifically increase the purification rate of acidic xenobiotics.

Also: directed urinary alkalinization · controlled urinary alkalinization therapy · controlled urinary ionic trapping of salicylates

Therapeutic urinary alkalinization Controlled infusion of sodium bicarbonate to raise urinary pH above 7.5, which ionizes salicylates, preventing their renal reabsorption and accelerating their elimination.

Also: urinary ionic trapping of salicylates

Therapeutic urinary alkalinization Controlled infusion of sodium bicarbonate to raise urinary pH above 7.5, which ionizes salicylates, preventing their renal reabsorption and accelerating their elimination.

Also: urinary ionic trapping of salicylates · therapeutic control urinary alkalinization

Contraction alkalosis Elevation of blood pH and bicarbonate concentration secondary to the disproportionate net loss of free water and chlorine.

Also: volume contraction alkalosis · alkalosis due to volume contraction

Amanitin nephrotoxin Fraction of peptide toxins from Amanita phalloides that generates direct acute damage to the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule.

Also: renal Amanita phalloides toxin · nephrotoxic amanitin · systemic nephrotoxic amanitin

Regional anticoagulation with citrate in continuous therapy Extracorporeal technique that inactivates the coagulation cascade in the dialysis circuit without altering the patient's systemic coagulation.

Also: extracorporeal anticoagulation by citrate · regional anticoagulation in continuous dialysis · regional anticoagulation in continuous control dialysis

Injectable antidigoxin antibody Commercial presentation of purified antibody Fab fragments indicated for the emergency treatment of lethal digitalis toxicity.

Also: intravenous Fab fragments against digoxin · antidigoxin Fab antibodies · ovine antidigoxin antibodies

Specific Fab antibodies against digoxin Purified antibody fragments that bind with high affinity to circulating free digoxin, immediately reversing systemic and myocardial toxicity.

Also: antidigoxin Fab fragments · antidigoxin immunotherapy · control antidigoxin immunotherapy

Cyanide antidote for nitrites Therapeutic strategy that consists of administering amyl or sodium nitrite to generate methemoglobinemia in a controlled manner, which removes cyanide from cytochrome oxidase.

Also: induction of methemoglobin by nitrites

Deferoxamine antidote Hydrophilic iron chelator administered by infusion to treat systemic toxicity and multiorgan failure induced by free iron.

Also: desferrioxamine B mesylate · deferoxamine antidote · deferoxamine injectable antidote

Dimercaprol antidote Injectable chelating agent formulated in peanut oil, administered intramuscularly to remove heavy metals in cases of severe poisoning.

Also: BAL intramuscular · dimercaprol antidote · dimercaprol control antidote

Penicillamine antidote Oral chelating agent derived from penicillin that facilitates the urinary excretion of copper, lead and mercury in chronic poisoning.

Also: D-penicillamine · penicillamine chelator · control penicillamine chelator

Succimer antidote Heavy metal chelator soluble in water and administered orally, especially indicated for the outpatient treatment of lead poisoning in pediatric patients.

Also: Oral DMSA · succimer antidote · succimer control antidote

Pediatric succimer antidote Oral chelator administered in a controlled manner to children with confirmed toxic levels of lead in the blood.

Also: infant oral succimer · Pediatric DMSA · Soluble Pediatric DMSA

Arsenamine Colorless and highly toxic gas derived from arsenic that causes massive intravascular hemolysis and acute renal failure after inhalation.

Also: arsine gas · arsenic trihydride · control arsenic trihydride

Arsenicism Chronic arsenic poisoning that is clinically characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, Mees lines on the nails and an increased risk of skin neoplasms.

Also: chronic arsenic poisoning · arsenicosis

Ineffective trigger asynchrony Phenomenon characterized by patient's inspiratory efforts that do not reach the sensitivity threshold of the ventilator, leaving them without respiratory assistance.

Also: trigger ineffective · missed shot · failed patient shot

Asynchrony due to double cycling Type of asynchrony in which a prolonged inspiratory effort by the patient successively triggers two inspiratory cycles of the mechanical ventilator.

Also: double ventilatory shot · double triggering · ICU double triggering

Ventilatory asynchrony Temporal or flow decoupling between the patient's respiratory effort and the mechanical assistance provided by the ventilator.

Also: patient-ventilator asynchrony · asynchrony in mechanical ventilation

Continuous subglottic aspiration Uninterrupted suction technique applied to the subglottic space to reduce microaspiration of accumulated pharyngeal secretions.

Also: continuous subglottic suction · continuous subglottic drainage

Atelectrauma Lung tissue injury caused by the collapse and repetitive opening of the alveoli during mechanical respirator cycles.

Also: atalveolar electrotrauma · damage from cyclic alveolar collapse

Pulmonary atelecttrauma Cellular and inflammatory injury to the alveolar walls caused by shear resulting from the cyclical opening and closing of unstable alveoli.

Also: lung injury due to cyclical collapse · ICU atelecttrauma · atelecttrauma due to ventilation · atelectrauma control · atelecttrauma due to assisted ventilation

Ventilator-induced diaphragmatic atrophy Loss of mass, thickness and physiological contractility of the diaphragmatic muscle secondary to the total replacement of its activity by the ventilator.

Also: diaphragmatic atrophy due to ventilatory disuse · diaphragmatic ventilatory myopathy · respirator diaphragmatic myopathy · diaphragmatic atrophy due to disuse of control · diaphragmatic myopathy due to control respirator

Diaphragmatic atrophy due to mechanical ventilation Decrease in diaphragmatic muscle mass induced by inactivity during fully controlled ventilatory modalities.

Also: diaphragmatic atrophy due to disuse · respirator diaphragmatic myopathy

Injectable atropine sulfate Competitive antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors used urgently for the management of bradyarrhythmias and cholinergic poisoning.

Also: atropine injectable antidote · atropine sulfate injection

Control atropinization Therapeutic phase of organophosphate management in which normalization of ventilation is achieved through the disappearance of bronchial secretions.

Also: therapeutic atropinization control · maintenance atropinization · maintenance atropinization control · stabilized atropinization

Prophylactic atropinization Rapid administration of initial doses of atropine in the face of early signs of cholinergic poisoning to prevent bronchial collapse.

Also: atropine test in suspected cholinergic · prophylactic atropine in suspicion · emergency prophylactic atropine

Therapeutic atropinization Systematic administration of atropine sulfate in increasing doses until signs of dryness of the respiratory mucosa and complete resolution of bronchorrhea are achieved.

Also: controlled atropinization · targeted atropinic therapy

Obstructive autopeep Positive end-expiratory pressure trapped in the alveolus due to incomplete exhalation of gas in patients with severe airflow obstruction.

Also: Intrinsic obstructive PEEP · dynamic air trapping · alveolar dynamic air trapping

Intravenous methylene blue Reducing agent used as specific emergency treatment in patients with symptomatic methemoglobinemia to reconvert methemoglobin into functional hemoglobin.

Also: intravenous methylthioninium chloride · methemoglobinemia treatment · treatment of control methemoglobinemia

Accumulated fluid balance Cumulative net sum of fluid inputs and outputs of a critically ill patient throughout their stay in the ICU.

Also: accumulated water balance · cumulative fluid balance

Biotrauma Systemic and pulmonary inflammatory response of a biological type induced by the physical deformation forces imposed by the ventilator.

Also: ventilation-induced pulmonary biotrauma · cellular biotrauma

Ventilatory biotrauma Local and systemic inflammatory response induced by harmful mechanical ventilation due to mechanotransduction and release of cytokines.

Also: pulmonary biotrauma · ventilator-induced inflammation · respirator-induced biotrauma · control biotrauma · pulmonary biotrauma induced by control respirator

Strong ion gap Difference between the apparent strong ion difference and the effective strong ion difference that estimates unmeasured anions.

Also: SIG by Stewart · strong ion gap control

Unmeasured strong ion gap Indicator that evaluates the presence of undetermined anions in blood by subtracting the effective SID from the apparent SID.

Also: SIG by Stewart · strong ion gap · strong ion gap control

Dynamic air bronchogram Presence of echogenic air branches within a pulmonary consolidation that show movement with respiration, suggesting pneumonia.

Also: dynamic bronchogram on ultrasound · pulmonary dynamic bronchogram · dynamic bronchogram in control ultrasound · ICU dynamic air bronchogram

Static air bronchogram Immobile air branches within a consolidation that suggest the presence of atelectasis due to airway obstruction.

Also: static bronchogram on ultrasound · static control bronchogram · static bronchogram in control ultrasound · ICU static air bronchogram

Indirect calorimetry in the critically ill patient Standard method to measure the resting energy expenditure of a ventilated patient by analyzing oxygen consumption and CO2 production.

Also: indirect calorimetry in ICU · measurement of energy expenditure at rest

Severe carboxyhemoglobinemia Pathological state in which critically elevated levels of carbon monoxide bind to hemoglobin, displacing oxygen and blocking cellular respiration.

Also: severe carbon monoxide poisoning · chemical asphyxiation by CO

Parenchymal intracranial pressure catheter Fiber optic device or microsensor inserted directly into the brain parenchyma to monitor intracranial pressure.

Also: parenchymal PIC captor · parenchymal intracranial pressure sensor

Refractory septic shock Persistent arterial hypotension secondary to sepsis that does not respond to adequate fluid administration or high doses of vasopressors.

Also: refractory septic shock · refractory vasoplegic shock · septic shock refractory to treatment

Premature ventilatory cycling Asynchrony that occurs when the ventilator prematurely stops the inspiratory phase before the patient's physiological inspiratory effort ends.

Also: early cycling · early ventilatory cycling

Late ventilatory cycle Ventilatory asynchrony characterized by the prolongation of mechanical inspiration beyond the completion of neural inspiration in the critically ill patient.

Also: delayed cycling · delayed ventilatory cycling

Cisatracurium besylate Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker from the benzylisoquinoline family that undergoes spontaneous degradation through the Hofmann pathway.

Also: cisatracurium injection in ICU · cisatracurium besylate

Sublingual dark field cytometry Microscopic imaging technology used at the patient's bedside to monitor the density and speed of microcirculatory flow.

Also: sublingual microcirculatory visualization · microvascular analysis by SDF · microvascular analysis by control SDF

Clonidine in withdrawal Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist used in critical care to attenuate symptoms of sympathetic hyperactivity during opioid withdrawal syndrome.

Also: clonidine for withdrawal · clonidine for control withdrawal

Metabolic respiratory quotient Relationship between carbon dioxide production and oxygen consumption, useful for evaluating the energy substrate used by critically ill patients.

Also: respiratory quotient · Metabolic CR

Ultrasound inferior vena cava collapse Degree of inspiratory reduction in the diameter of the inferior vena cava assessed by ultrasound in patients with spontaneous ventilation.

Also: IVC collapsibility index · IVC collapse on ultrasound · IVC collapse in control ultrasound

Gurd Criteria Clinical criteria used for the diagnosis of fat embolism syndrome, divided into major and minor signs.

Also: Gurd diagnostic criteria · Gurd criteria for fat embolism

Duke's endocarditis diagnostic criteria Standardized system of major and minor laboratory and echocardiography criteria to establish the diagnosis of infective endocarditis.

Also: modified Duke criteria · Duke criteria for endocarditis

SOFA sepsis criteria Sequential scoring system that evaluates and quantifies acute organ dysfunction in critically ill patients with suspected infection.

Also: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment · SOFA score · control SOFA score

Reconstituted dantrolene sodium Specific antidote for malignant hyperthermia that acts by blocking ryanodine calcium release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Also: reconstituted dantrolene antidote · dantrolene injection

Weakness acquired in the intensive care unit Symmetrical skeletal muscle weakness syndrome that develops during the stay in intensive care without another identifiable cause.

Also: DAUCI · ICU-acquired weakness · myopathy and neuropathy in critically ill patients · myopathy and neuropathy in critical control patients

Hypoactive delirium in the ICU Clinical form of delirium characterized by prostration, lethargy and decreased level of interactive response, associated with prolonged stays.

Also: silent delirium in intensive care · critical hypoactive delirium · critical hypoactive delirium of control

Density of functional perfusion vessels Microcirculatory parameter that measures the total length of capillaries with active blood flow per unit of sublingual area evaluated.

Also: PVD in microcirculation · functional vascular density · control functional vascular density

Ultrasound pleural effusion Presence of an anechoic or hypoechoic collection in the pleural space delimited by the parietal pleura and the lung.

Also: pleural effusion by control ultrasound · ICU ultrasound pleural effusion

Pleural sliding Physiological back and forth movement between the visceral and parietal pleura visible by real-time ultrasound that rules out pneumothorax.

Also: lung sliding control · Ultrasound control pleural slip

Difficult ventilatory weaning Condition in which the patient requires up to three attempts at spontaneous breathing or a period of up to seven days to be extubated.

Also: difficult weaning · difficult fan disconnection

Prolonged difficult ventilatory weaning Clinical condition in which the ventilator weaning process requires multiple failed attempts or extends more than a week.

Also: prolonged weaning in ICU · difficult to handle weaning · weaning with difficult ventilatory management

Simple ventilatory weaning Ventilator release process that is completed successfully on the first attempt and without significant delays after suspending sedation.

Also: simple weaning · extubation on first attempt

Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride Sedative and analgesic for intravenous use that acts as a selective agonist of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the locus coeruleus.

Also: intravenous sedative dexmedetomidine · alpha-2 agonist dexmedetomidine · dexmedetomidine hydrochloride

Apparent strong ion difference Mathematical sum of the concentration of plasma strong cations minus strong anions determined in blood.

Also: Stewart's AIDS · apparent difference of strong ions

Effective strong ion difference Sum of the charges of the weak plasma acids represented by albumin and inorganic phosphate in electrochemical equilibrium.

Also: SIDe by Stewart · control effective strong ion difference

Difference of strong ions in plasma Parameter of Stewart's quantitative model that represents the difference between strong cations and strong anions in blood plasma.

Also: Plasma SID · strong ion difference · strong ion difference control

Total strong ion difference Parameter that globally evaluates the electrical charge of all strong ions present in the blood of critically ill patients.

Also: strong ion difference total control · Stewart's total SID

Venoarterial carbon dioxide difference corrected Difference between the partial pressure of CO2 in mixed or central venous blood and arterial blood, indicator of the state of peripheral perfusion.

Also: venoarterial CO2 gradient · corrected CO2 delta · control corrected CO2 delta

Sulfur dioxide Irritating gas of the respiratory tract that, upon contact with mucous water, forms sulfurous acid, producing severe bronchospasm and chemical pneumonitis.

Also: sulfurous anhydride gas · sulfurous anhydride control gas

Ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction Weakness and loss of function of the diaphragm resulting from mechanical ventilation, assimilated by rapid muscle atrophy.

Also: VIDD · diaphragmatic dysfunction due to control ventilator

Ultrasound inferior vena cava compliance Degree of inspiratory distention of the diameter of the inferior vena cava induced by the positive pressure of the ventilator in controlled patients.

Also: IVC compliance index · ultrasound IVC compliance · control ultrasound IVC compliance

Measured dynamic lung compliance Variation of lung volume per unit of pressure calculated under active flow conditions, influenced by resistance and compliance.

Also: UCI dynamic compliance · dynamic compliance of the respiratory system · dynamic control compliance · dynamic ICU compliance

Measured static lung compliance Variation of lung volume per unit of pressure calculated in the absence of airflow through inspiratory pause.

Also: UCI static compliance · static compliance of the respiratory system · static control compliance · respiratory static compliance

Dobutamine hydrochloride Purified inotropic catecholamine that preferentially stimulates beta-1 receptors, increasing myocardial contractile force and cardiac output.

Also: intravenous dobutamine · inotropic dobutamine · intravenous inotropic dobutamine

Liver Doppler in critical care Doppler ultrasound evaluation of the flow waveform of the hepatic veins used to diagnose states of systemic venous congestion.

Also: doppler of hepatic veins in ICU · control liver doppler · doppler of hepatic veins in control ICU · critical care liver doppler

Portal Doppler in critical care Ultrasound analysis of the flow pattern in the portal vein useful to evaluate the degree of pulsatility induced by retrograde congestion.

Also: portal vein doppler in ICU · doppler control portal · doppler critical care portal control · portal vein doppler in control ICU

Renal Doppler in critical care Measurement of resistance indices in the renal interlobar arteries using Doppler ultrasonography at the foot of the bed.

Also: doppler of renal arteries in ICU · renal control doppler · renal doppler in control ICU · critical care renal doppler ultrasound

Transcranial Doppler of the basilar artery Ultrasound evaluation of blood flow velocity in the basilar artery to monitor posterior cerebral circulation.

Also: Control basilar artery DTC · posterior cerebral fossa doppler

Transcranial Doppler of the middle cerebral artery Evaluation of middle cerebral artery flow velocities using Doppler ultrasound for monitoring vasospasm.

Also: Middle cerebral artery TCD · transcranial MCA doppler

Transcranial Doppler in intensive care Continuous or intermittent ultrasonic monitoring of cerebral blood flow velocity to evaluate autoregulation and diagnose vasospasm.

Also: Critical neurological DTC · transcranial doppler at the foot of the bed · transcranial doppler at the foot of the control bed

Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage Placement of a continuous lumbar intrathecal catheter to reduce CSF pressure and optimize spinal perfusion during complex surgeries.

Also: continuous lumbar drainage · lumbar CSF diversion · continuous control lumbar drainage · control lumbar CSF diversion

Prophylactic lumbar drainage Preventive placement of a lumbar drainage catheter prior to highly complex aortic surgeries to protect against spinal ischemia.

Also: prophylactic lumbar control drainage · preventive lumbar diversion

Echocardiography at the point of critical care Focused and repeatable cardiac ultrasound examination performed by the intensivist at the bedside to guide hemodynamic treatment.

Also: Cardiac POCUS in ICU · Cardiac focus · focused critical echocardiography · critical focused control echocardiography

Echocardiography focused on critical care Rapid and structured echocardiographic evaluation performed by the intensivist to answer specific clinical questions at the bedside.

Also: Cardiac focus in ICU · Echocardiographic focus

Critical diaphragmatic ultrasound Point-of-care ultrasound evaluation focused on non-invasively quantifying diaphragmatic excursion and thickening fraction.

Also: diaphragmatic ultrasound in the ICU · diaphragm ultrasound · control diaphragm ultrasound

Diaphragmatic ultrasound in critical care Use of bedside ultrasonography to assess function and predict extubation failure.

Also: diaphragm ultrasound in ICU · clinical diaphragmatic ultrasound

Post-extubation laryngotracheal edema Mechanical complication due to friction or ischemia of the cuff that manifests with respiratory stridor immediately after extubation.

Also: laryngeal edema after extubation · post-extubation stridor

Physiological pulmonary shunt effect Percentage of mixed venous blood that passes through pulmonary capillaries in contact with non-ventilated alveoli, returning deoxygenated to the left heart.

Also: physiological intrapulmonary pulmonary shunt · intrapulmonary shunt · control intrapulmonary shunt

True intrapulmonary shunt effect Perfusion of venous blood through alveolar capillaries that are in contact with alveoli that are completely collapsed or filled with exudate.

Also: absolute intrapulmonary shunt · true intrapulmonary shunt

Arterial gas embolism Accidental entry of air bubbles into the arterial tree that causes acute ischemia of vital organs such as the brain or heart.

Also: arterial air embolism · control arterial air embolism · ICU arterial gas embolism

Venous gas embolism Entry of air bubbles into the systemic venous circulation that travel to the right ventricle and pulmonary circulation, inducing hypoxia and collapse.

Also: venous air embolism · control venous air embolism · ICU venous gas embolism

Acute lead encephalopathy Critical and urgent neurological manifestation of childhood lead poisoning, characterized by intracranial hypertension and refractory seizures.

Also: acute saturnine encephalopathy · critical saturnine encephalopathy · critical lead encephalopathy · acute lead neurotoxicity

Acute decompression sickness Multisystemic condition caused by the formation of nitrogen bubbles in the tissues after a rapid reduction in environmental pressure.

Also: rapid decompression syndrome · acute dysbarism · rapid control decompression syndrome · acute control dysbarism

Ergotrauma Lung damage resulting from the cumulative product of the energy administered by the ventilator per unit of time to the lung parenchyma.

Also: control ventilatory ergotrauma · ICU ergotrauma

Ventilatory ergotrauma Structural lung damage caused by the excess of cumulative physical energy persistently applied to the lung tissue by the mechanical ventilator.

Also: pulmonary ergotrauma · ergotrauma due to ventilation · control ergotrauma · ergotrauma due to assisted control ventilation

CAM-ICU delirium scale Validated delirium detection tool in critically ill patients that quickly evaluates mental status fluctuations, inattention and incoherence.

Also: confusion assessment method for the ICU · CAM-ICU scale · CAM-ICU control scale

RASS sedation and agitation scale Standardized scale to evaluate the degree of agitation or depth of sedation in critically ill patients in the ICU.

Also: Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale · RASS sedation scale · RASS control sedation scale

Esmolol hydrochloride Selective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist with ultra-short half-life used in infusion for acute supraventricular tachyarrhythmias.

Also: esmolol antiarrhythmic injection · esmolol intravenous · esmolol hydrochloride intravenous

Early esophagoscopy Early endoscopic digestive examination within the first twenty-four hours after ingesting caustics to assess mucosal damage.

Also: emergency digestive endoscopy due to caustics · emergency digestive endoscopy for control caustics

Calculated alveolar dead space Volume of gas that enters ventilated alveoli that lack adequate capillary blood perfusion, preventing gas exchange.

Also: alveolar dead space ventilation · ICU alveolar dead space

Temporary diaphragmatic stimulation Transcutaneous or transvenous stimulation therapy of the phrenic nerve aimed at maintaining the contractility of the diaphragm in prolonged ventilation.

Also: temporary diaphragmatic pacemaker · electrical stimulation of the diaphragm · temporary diaphragmatic control pacemaker · electrical stimulation of the control diaphragm

Restrictive fluid resuscitation strategy Therapeutic approach that minimizes the administration of intravenous crystalloids after initial optimization to prevent tissue volume overload.

Also: restrictive fluid therapy in shock · conservative fluid resuscitation · conservative control fluid resuscitation · restrictive water resuscitation · conservative management of fluids in shock

Etomidate injection Fast-acting carboxylated intravenous hypnotic with minimal effects on peripheral sympathetic tone and hemodynamic stability.

Also: injectable sedative etomidate · anesthetic etomidate

Rapid ultrasound evaluation in shock and trauma Systematic and directed ultrasound examination in emergency situations and severe trauma to identify bleeding or pneumothorax.

Also: expanded FAST ultrasound · E-FAST emergency protocol

Measured diaphragmatic excursion Distance in centimeters that the diaphragmatic dome moves during the patient's voluntary respiratory cycle, evaluated in M mode.

Also: ultrasound diaphragmatic displacement · diaphragmatic excursion in ICU

Ventilator weaning failure Intolerance demonstrated by the patient during the spontaneous breathing test manifested by tachypnea, tachycardia or agitation.

Also: weaning failure · intolerance to ventilatory weaning

Extubation failure Unforeseen need to reinstate invasive mechanical ventilation within forty-eight hours after scheduled extubation.

Also: extubation failure · failed extubation

De-escalation phase in fluid resuscitation Phase aimed at the active removal of excess accumulated fluids through diuretics or ultrafiltration to restore organic function.

Also: fluid therapy de-escalation phase · resuscitation phase E

Stabilization phase in fluid resuscitation Phase in which massive fluid intake is suspended and efforts are made to maintain neutral fluid balance in a hemodynamically stable patient.

Also: fluid therapy stabilization phase · resuscitation S phase

Optimization phase in fluid resuscitation Phase in which the response to volume is evaluated dynamically to maximize oxygen transport, preventing edema.

Also: fluid therapy optimization phase · O phase of resuscitation

Rescue phase in fluid resuscitation Initial phase of shock resuscitation in which rapid boluses of fluids are administered to restore perfusion to vital organs.

Also: fluid therapy rescue phase · R resuscitation phase

Fentanyl citrate injection High potency, rapid onset synthetic opioid that stimulates mu receptors, used for continuous analgesia in intensive care.

Also: injectable fentanyl in the ICU · fentanyl citrate soluble

Phentolamine mesylate Non-selective alpha-adrenergic blocker used to immediately counteract localized vasospasm induced by extravasation of vasopressors.

Also: phentolamine injection antidote · phentolamine for extravasation · phentolamine mesylate

Polysulfone hemofiltration filter Biocompatible synthetic type hydraulic high permeability dialysis membrane optimized for continuous renal replacement therapies.

Also: continuous hemodialysis polysulfone membrane · polysulfone filter for continuous therapy

Physostigmine salicylate Reversible tertiary anticholinesterase capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier, used to reverse central anticholinergic syndrome.

Also: serine injection · physostigmine salicylate antidote

Phytomenadione Synthetic form of vitamin K1 that is administered as a specific antidote to restore the synthesis of coagulation factors altered by coumarins.

Also: therapeutic vitamin K1 · phytomenadione antidote · phytomenadione control antidote

Congested systemic venous flow Physiopathological state characterized by increased retrograde pressures in the venous system that compromises microvascular perfusion of organs.

Also: systemic venous congestion · severe systemic venous congestion

Fomepizole Selective and potent inhibitor of the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme that blocks the conversion of methanol and ethylene glycol into their respective highly toxic metabolites.

Also: 4-methylpyrazole · fomepizole antidote · control fomepizole antidote

Fomepizole injection Formulation ready for intravenous administration of fomepizole useful for the early and effective treatment of toxicity due to industrial alcohols.

Also: emergency soluble fomepizole · fomepizole for intravenous use · purified injectable fomepizole

Calculated diaphragmatic thickening fraction Percentage increase in the thickness of the diaphragmatic muscle during active inspiration with respect to the end of expiration.

Also: ultrasound diaphragmatic thickening · diaphragm thickening fraction · diaphragmatic thickening fraction

Portal pulsatility fraction Percentage variation in flow velocity in the portal vein, highly specific Doppler marker of venous congestion.

Also: ultrasound portal pulsatility · control portal pulsatility fraction · control ultrasound portal pulsatility · continuous control portal pulsatility fraction

Cardiac output by transpulmonary thermodilution Measurement of cardiac output and intrathoracic volumes obtained by analyzing arterial thermal changes after intravenous injection of cold serum.

Also: transpulmonary thermodilution of PiCCO · transpulmonary cardiac output

Gastroenteritis due to Amanita phalloides Initial symptomatic phase of amatoxin poisoning characterized by severe dehydration and massive electrolyte losses.

Also: acute phalloid gastroenteritis · choleriform phase of Amanita phalloides · gastrointestinal phase of Amanita poisoning

Injured endothelial glucocalyx Degradation of the superficial polymeric layer of endothelial protection leading to an increase in interstitial edema and coagulation.

Also: damage to the endothelial glycocalyx · loss of vascular glycocalyx · loss of control vascular glycocalyx

Pressure gradient for venous return Pressure difference between the mean systemic filling pressure and the right atrial pressure that drives blood flow back to the heart.

Also: driving force for venous return · venous return gradient · control venous return gradient

Optic nerve sheath thickness Measurement of the optic nerve sheath evaluated by transpalpebral ocular ultrasound to predict the presence of intracranial hypertension.

Also: diameter of the optic nerve sheath · ultrasound optic nerve sheath diameter

Optic nerve sheath thickness by ultrasound Non-invasive ultrasonic evaluation of the diameter of the optic nerve that serves as a predictor of intracranial hypertension.

Also: diameter of the optic nerve sheath · ONSD ultrasound · ONSD control ultrasound

Haloperidol lactate Injectable neuroleptic butyrophenone indicated for the acute management of psychomotor agitation and refractory delirium in critical care.

Also: haloperidol injection for delirium · haloperidol injection · haloperidol soluble injection

Continuous high-volume venovenous hemofiltration Renal support modality that uses high doses of substitution by convection, proposed to purify inflammatory response mediators.

Also: HVHF in severe sepsis · high volume hemofiltration · high control volume hemofiltration

Post-dilutional continuous venovenous hemofiltration Continuous extracorporeal renal clearance modality in which the replacement fluid is administered after the blood passes through the filter.

Also: CVVH post-dilution · continuous post-dilutional hemofiltration

Pre-dilutional continuous venovenous hemofiltration Continuous renal clearance modality where the replacement fluid is infused before the blood enters the filter to reduce hemoconcentration.

Also: CVVH pre-dilution · continuous pre-dilutional hemofiltration

Hemoperfusion with polymyxin B Extracorporeal technique that uses a cartridge with polystyrene fibers coated with polymyxin B to remove endotoxins from gram-negatives in septic shock.

Also: hemoperfusion with polymyxin cartridge · removal of endotoxins by polymyxin B

Hydrargyrism Chronic toxic syndrome caused by exposure to mercury, manifested by intention tremors, emotional lability and stomatitis.

Also: chronic mercury poisoning · mercurialism

Hydroxocobalamin First-line antidote for cyanide poisoning that acts by directly binding to cyanide to form cyanocobalamin, eliminated through the kidneys.

Also: vitamin B12a · hydroxocobalamin cyanide antidote · control hydroxocobalamin cyanide antidote

Acute hyperammonemia Critical and transient elevation of plasma ammonium levels that generates cerebral edema and severe encephalopathy in patients with liver failure.

Also: acute ammonium excess · critically elevated ammoniemia

Hyperglycemia due to calcium antagonist poisoning Significant elevation of serum glucose due to direct blockade of calcium channels in pancreatic beta cells.

Also: hyperglycemia induced by calcium blockers · hyperglycemia due to calcium antagonists · hyperglycemia due to calcium antagonists in shock

Severe intra-abdominal hypertension Sustained pathological elevation of intra-abdominal pressure equal to or greater than twelve millimeters of mercury that interferes with the function of vital organs.

Also: Sustained HIA in ICU · pathological intra-abdominal hypertension · control pathological intra-abdominal hypertension

Acute hyperuricemia Rapid increase in plasma uric acid levels, commonly associated with tumor lysis syndrome, which predisposes to obstructive nephropathy.

Also: acute excess of uric acid

Hypophosatemia due to refeeding Critical decrease in serum phosphorus levels induced by the intracellular shift of phosphate after insulin secretion due to carbohydrate loading.

Also: severe hypophosphatemia due to refeeding

Cytopathic hypoxia in sepsis Functional alteration of the mitochondrial respiratory chain due to sepsis that prevents the physiological use of oxygen despite sufficient supply.

Also: bacterial histotoxic hypoxia · septic mitochondrial dysfunction · control septic mitochondrial dysfunction

Tissue oxygen consumption rate Net amount of oxygen consumed by tissues per minute, calculated from indexed arterial and venous samples.

Also: metabolic VO2I · indexed oxygen consumption · control indexed oxygen consumption

Tissue oxygen delivery rate Measurement of the total amount of oxygen that is transported and offered to the periphery per minute, normalized by body surface area.

Also: DO2I hemodynamic · indexed oxygen contribution · control indexed oxygen supply

Semiquantitative microcirculatory flow index Semi-quantitative score assigned to microcirculatory flow in four quadrants to monitor the severity of capillary dysfunction.

Also: MFI in intensive care · microvascular flow index · control microvascular flow index

Calculated Gosling Pulsatility Index Transcranial Doppler parameter that estimates cerebral vascular resistance from the ratio of systolic and diastolic flow velocities.

Also: IP of neurocritical Gosling · Gosling brain pulsatility index

Rapid and shallow breathing rate Mathematical relationship between respiratory rate and tidal volume in liters used as a predictive index for weaning from mechanical ventilation.

Also: Tobin index · RSBI · Ventilatory RSBI

Bloodstream infection associated with centrally inserted central line Presence of bacteremia confirmed by peripheral and catheter blood culture, without another infectious focus that explains the condition.

Also: CLABSI in intensive care · central catheter infection · infection by central control catheter

Volatile inhalants Volatile chemical substances such as solvents or glues whose recreational inhalation produces depression of the central nervous system and myocardial sensitization to arrhythmias.

Also: toxicity from inhalant abuse · control abuse inhalant toxicity

Enzymatic inhibition by carbamates Transient blockade by carbamylation of the active site of acetylcholinesterase that undergoes rapid spontaneous hydrolysis.

Also: cholinesterase carbamylation · reversible inactivation of cholinesterase · reversible inactivation of cholinesterase by carbamates

Enzymatic inhibition by organophosphates Blockade by persistent and irreversible phosphorylation of the active site of acetylcholinesterase that leads to accumulation of acetylcholine.

Also: cholinesterase phosphorylation · irreversible inactivation of cholinesterase · irreversible inactivation of cholinesterase by organophosphates

High volume therapeutic plasma exchange Plasma exchange modality where volumes of plasma greater than the patient's volume are replaced to stabilize vasoplegic shock.

Also: massive plasma exchange · high volume plasmapheresis

Therapeutic plasma exchange in severe sepsis High volume plasmapheresis procedure that seeks to eliminate bacterial toxins and cytokines and restore the integrity of the vascular endothelium.

Also: plasma exchange in septic shock · plasmapheresis in sepsis · plasmapheresis in control sepsis

Amanita phalloides poisoning Fungal poisoning characterized by a prolonged latency followed by choleriform gastroenteritis and subsequent fulminant massive hepatic necrosis.

Also: phalloid mycetism · amatoxin poisoning · control amatoxin poisoning

Amanita verna poisoning Severe symptoms of hepatotoxic mycetism with cellular necrosis due to ingestion of wild mushrooms of the Amanita genus that contain amatoxins.

Also: cyclopeptide amanitin poisoning · mycetism by Amanita verna · mycetism due to acute Amanita verna

Amanita virosa poisoning Fatal hepatotoxic poisoning identical to phalloid, caused by mushrooms of the genus Amanita that associates massive liver necrosis and kidney failure.

Also: phalloid syndrome due to Amanita virosa · mycetism due to Amanita virosa · mycetism due to acute Amanita virosa

Severe tricyclic antidepressant poisoning Life-threatening overdose that causes cardiotoxicity due to blockage of cardiac sodium channels, clinically manifested by prolongation of the QRS interval and arrhythmias.

Also: critical tricyclic overdose · severe amitriptyline toxicity · control severe amitriptyline toxicity

Intoxication by depot beta blockers Overdose of sustained-release beta blockers that critically prolongs cardiogenic shock and bronchospasm.

Also: depot beta blocker overdose · toxicity of extended-release beta blockers · prolonged toxicity from beta blockers

Severe calcium channel blocker poisoning Overdose that produces refractory shock, extreme bradycardia and concomitant hyperglycemia due to blockage of pancreatic insulin release.

Also: severe calcium antagonist overdose · toxicity due to verapamil and diltiazem · toxicity due to verapamil and control diltiazem

Buprenorphine poisoning Prolonged respiratory depression due to a partial opioid agonist that requires unusually high doses of naloxone for reversal due to its high receptor affinity.

Also: buprenorphine toxicity · control buprenorphine toxicity

Carbamate poisoning Poisoning by reversible cholinesterase inhibitor pesticides that produces short-term cholinergic symptoms without aging of the enzyme binding.

Also: carbamate pesticide poisoning

Poisoning by acidic caustics Ingestion of corrosive acids that causes coagulation necrosis of the esophageal and gastric mucosa, limiting deep transmural damage but causing severe stenosis.

Also: corrosive acid burn

Poisoning by caustic acids Ingestion of corrosive acids that causes coagulation necrosis of the esophageal and gastric mucosa, limiting deep transmural damage but causing severe stenosis.

Also: control corrosive acid burn

Alkaline caustic poisoning Ingestion of strong alkaline substances that generates liquefaction necrosis with rapid esophageal perforation and intense tissue destruction.

Also: chemical esophagitis due to bases · chemical esophagitis due to control bases

Hydrogen cyanide poisoning Acute cellular poisoning by inhalation or ingestion that produces blockage of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase, interrupting ATP synthesis and causing extreme lactic acidosis.

Also: hydrogen cyanide poisoning · chemical asphyxiation due to cyanide

Industrial cyanide poisoning Accidental exposure to cyanide salts in industrial or mining processes requiring immediate resuscitation and cellular antidotes.

Also: occupational toxicity due to cyanide · industrial cyanide poisoning · industrial cyanide poisoning

Chronic digitalis poisoning Slow-course subacute digoxin toxicity in the elderly, characterized by slow arrhythmias, extreme fatigue, and progressive moderate hyperkalemia.

Also: chronic digitalis toxicity · cumulative digoxin poisoning · cumulative digoxin intoxication in the elderly

Acute digoxin poisoning Overdose of cardiac glycoside that severely inhibits the sodium-potassium pump, inducing critical hyperkalemia, refractory bradyarrhythmias and vision with yellow halos.

Also: acute digitalis poisoning · acute digoxin overdose · acute control digoxin overdose

Acute ethylene glycol poisoning Severe antifreeze poisoning that generates metabolic acidosis, kidney damage due to the deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in the tubules and progressive neurological alteration.

Also: antifreeze poisoning · ethylene glycol toxicity with crystalluria · ethylene glycol toxicity with control crystalluria

Phencyclidine poisoning Dissociative anesthetic poisoning characterized by extreme aggressiveness, spontaneous rotary nystagmus, deep analgesia and arterial hypertension.

Also: angel dust poisoning · control angel dust poisoning

Volatile hydrocarbon poisoning A condition derived from the ingestion or inhalation of organic solvents that induces severe chemical pneumonitis due to aspiration due to its low surface tension.

Also: pneumonitis due to hydrocarbons · solvent aspiration · aspiration of control solvents

Poisoning by carbamate insecticides Acute cholinergic syndrome due to carbamate-type insecticides, characterized by a short-term reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase.

Also: carbamate pesticide poisoning · overdose by carbamate insecticides · acute carbamate insecticide overdose · control carbamate poisoning

Acute methanol poisoning Toxic ingestion that produces severe metabolic acidosis with a high anion and osmolal gap with specific damage to the optic nerve due to accumulation of formic acid.

Also: burning alcohol poisoning · rapidly evolving methanol poisoning · rapidly evolving methanol poisoning control

Carbon monoxide poisoning and fires Complex clinical picture that associates toxicity from inhalation of carbon monoxide with that of hydrogen cyanide, critically increasing cellular hypoxia.

Also: inhalation of toxic smoke in fires · combined CO and cyanide poisoning · combined CO poisoning and control cyanide

Severe paracetamol poisoning Drug overdose that causes acute centrilobular hepatic necrosis due to glutathione depletion and accumulation of the highly toxic reactive metabolite NAPQI.

Also: acute paracetamol hepatotoxicity · severe acetaminophen overdose · control severe acetaminophen overdose

Acute paraquat poisoning Severe poisoning by bipyridyl herbicide that causes multisystem organ damage and progressive and irreversible pulmonary fibrosis through the massive production of free radicals.

Also: acute paraquat poisoning · bipyridyl toxicity · control paraquat toxicity

Synthetic pyrethroid poisoning Poisoning by pyrethroid insecticides characterized by localized paresthesias, salivation and irritation of the respiratory mucous membranes.

Also: acute pyrethroid toxicity · pyrethroid poisoning · acute pyrethroid poisoning

Inorganic lead poisoning Systemic poisoning by inhalation of lead dust or fumes in industrial environments that affects hemoglobin synthesis.

Also: professional lead poisoning · industrial lead poisoning · industrial plumbism

Poisoning by anticoagulant rodenticides Accidental or voluntary ingestion of superwarfarins resulting in prolonged inhibition of vitamin K epoxide reductase and severe bleeding diathesis.

Also: superwarfarin poisoning · poisoning by anticoagulant rodenticide · poisoning by control anticoagulant rodenticide

Severe salicylate poisoning Acute toxic syndrome due to aspirin overdose that generates early respiratory alkalosis and high anion gap metabolic acidosis due to mitochondrial uncoupling.

Also: severe aspirin poisoning · acute salicylism · acute control salicylism

Hydrogen sulfide poisoning Acute poisoning by inhalation of this gas in sewers or industries, characterized by immediate cardiovascular collapse, coma and lactic acidosis.

Also: sewer gas poisoning · control sewer gas poisoning

Thallium poisoning Severe systemic poisoning that typically presents with the diagnostic triad of progressive alopecia, exquisite neuropathic pain in the extremities and autonomic dysfunction.

Also: thallium poisoning

Theophylline poisoning Systemic xanthine poisoning that produces agitation, refractory seizures, ventricular arrhythmias, and severe hypokalemia due to beta-adrenergic stimulation.

Also: theophylline overdose · aminophylline toxicity · control theophylline overdose · control aminophylline toxicity

Warfarin poisoning Hemorrhagic diathesis secondary to warfarin overdose that inactivates vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors, significantly elevating prothrombin time.

Also: coumarin toxicity · warfarin overdose · control warfarin overdose

Spinal cord ischemia Acute neurological injury due to perfusion deficit of the spinal cord with risk of paralysis and sensory deficit.

Also: control spinal cord infarction · control acute spinal cord ischemia

Ketamine hydrochloride Fast-acting dissociative injectable anesthetic that stimulates sympathetic outflow and preserves the protective reflexes of the airway.

Also: anesthetic injectable ketamine · soluble ketamine

Labetalol hydrochloride Mixed beta and alpha-1 adrenergic receptor blocker for intravenous administration for the control of arterial hypertension with tachycardia.

Also: injectable hypertensive labetalol · intravenous labetalol · labetalol hydrochloride injection

Exertion-induced lung injury in a serious patient Self-inflicted parenchymal and diaphragmatic damage caused by excessive and uncontrolled spontaneous inspiratory efforts by the patient himself.

Also: Severe P-SILI · self-inflicted lung injury · self-inflicted lung injury due to exertion · Severe control P-SILI · self-inflicted lung injury due to control effort

Inotropic levosimendan Inodilatory drug that increases the sensitivity of myofilaments to calcium and opens vascular ATP-sensitive potassium channels.

Also: levosimendan · calcium sensitizer levosimendan · levosimendan injection

A lines on lung ultrasound Horizontal and repetitive ultrasound artifacts caused by reverberation of the pleura, characteristic of a normally aerated lung or pneumothorax.

Also: pulmonary A lines · horizontal reverb lines · control pulmonary A lines · A lines of control lung ultrasound

B lines on lung ultrasound Vertical comet-tail ultrasound artifacts that arise from the pleural line and suggest the presence of alveolar-interstitial syndrome.

Also: pulmonary B lines · vertical reverb lines · control pulmonary B lines · control lung ultrasound B lines

Sterile dialysate infusion liquid Sterile electrolyte solution that flows countercurrent to the blood in the filter to purify small molecules by diffusion.

Also: dialysate fluid for CVVHD · continuous therapy dialysate fluid

Sterile infusion replacement fluid Sterile infusion solution with balanced electrolyte concentrations used to replenish the volume extracted by convection.

Also: replacement fluid for CVVH · sterile dialysis replacement fluid

Soluble lorazepam Intermediate-acting benzodiazepine with predictable elimination by conjugation, useful in elderly patients or with concomitant liver failure.

Also: sedative lorazepam in the ICU · lorazepam injection · soluble lorazepam injection

High cut-point membrane Specialized filters with large pores designed to allow the removal of cytokines and inflammatory mediators during hemofiltration.

Also: high cut-off membrane · high molecular cut membrane

Acquired methaemoglobinemia Disorder characterized by the presence of iron in the ferric state within hemoglobin due to the action of drugs or toxins, preventing tissue delivery of oxygen.

Also: toxic methemoglobinemia · induced methemoglobinemia · drug-induced methemoglobinemia · control induced methemoglobinemia · methemoglobinemia induced by control drugs

Congenital methaemoglobinemia due to enzyme deficiency Hereditary disorder characterized by persistent cyanosis due to congenital deficiency of the enzyme methemoglobin reductase.

Also: hereditary methemoglobinemia · congenital cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency · congenital methemoglobin reductase deficiency

Midazolam hydrochloride Water-soluble short-acting benzodiazepine widely used in the ICU for deep sedation and anticonvulsant control.

Also: injectable sedative midazolam · intravenous midazolam · midazolam injection

Acute ischemic myelopathy Injury due to lack of blood flow to the spinal cord secondary to severe systemic hypotension or clamping of feeding arteries.

Also: spinal cord infarction · acute spinal cord ischemia

Milrinone lactate Non-catecholamine inodilator that acts by inhibiting phosphodiesterase three, increasing stroke volume and decreasing systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance.

Also: intravenous inodilatory milrinone · PDE3 inhibitor milrinone · milrinone injection

Acute critical patient myopathy Structural alteration of skeletal muscle characterized by muscle atrophy due to myosin disuse in patients with prolonged stays in the ICU.

Also: myopathy of the severely critically ill patient · critical myosinolysis myopathy · control critical myosinolysis myopathy

Direct cerebral oxygen tissue pressure monitoring Recording of the partial pressure of oxygen in the brain parenchyma using an invasive probe to guide cerebral oxygenation.

Also: Direct cerebral PtO2 · ptiO2 continuous control

Optic nerve sheath monitoring Serial ultrasound evaluation of the diameter of the optic nerve as an indicator of intracranial pressure in neurocritical patients.

Also: control optic nerve sheath monitoring · Continuous control ONSD

Cerebrospinal fluid pressure monitoring Continuous recording of CSF pressure using a lumbar or ventricular intrathecal subarachnoid catheter.

Also: CSF pressure monitoring · intrathecal pressure recording

Naloxone hydrochloride injection Competitive opioid antagonist that rapidly displaces narcotics from their mu, kappa and delta brain receptors, reversing overdose.

Also: naloxone injectable antidote · emergency naloxone

Pneumonia associated with bacterial mechanical ventilation Acute bacterial infection of the lung parenchyma that occurs forty-eight hours or more after endotracheal intubation.

Also: Bacterial VAP · Bacterial VAP in the ICU

Late-onset mechanical ventilation-associated pneumonia Respiratory infection that develops after five days of ventilation, frequently associated with multi-resistant bacteria.

Also: Late NAVM · late ventilator pneumonia · NAVM late control · respirator pneumonia late control

Pneumonia associated with early onset mechanical ventilation Pulmonary parenchymal infection that occurs within the first four days of the start of ventilatory assistance, typically due to sensitive pathogens.

Also: Early NAVM · early ventilator pneumonia · NAVM early control · early respirator pneumonia

Aspiration pneumonia in critically ill patients Acute lung infection secondary to massive inhalation of gastric or oropharyngeal contents colonized by bacteria.

Also: infectious aspiration pneumonitis · aspiration pneumonia in the ICU

Amyl nitrite Inhaled volatile vasodilator that induces controlled methemoglobinemia as part of the traditional treatment of cyanide poisoning.

Also: amyl nitrite antidote · amyl nitrite control antidote

Sodium nitrite Intravenous methemoglobinemia-inducing compound used in the classic treatment protocol for cyanide poisoning.

Also: injectable sodium nitrite · control injectable sodium nitrite

Intravenous nitroglycerin infusion Direct venous vasodilator indicated to reduce cardiac preload in acute lung edema of cardiogenic origin.

Also: continuous infusion nitroglycerin · soluble intravenous nitroglycerin

Injectable nitroglycerin Predominantly venous vasodilator compound used in infusion to reduce venous return and relieve pulmonary congestion of left failure.

Also: continuous infusion nitroglycerin · nitroglycerin injection · soluble injectable nitroglycerin

Intravenous sodium nitroprusside Direct vasodilator agent with ultra-rapid action for intravenous administration for the management of hypertensive crises with organ dysfunction.

Also: intravenous vasodilator nitroprusside · emergency injectable nitroprusside

Sodium nitroprusside injection Photosensitive inorganic compound with mixed arteriolar and venous vasodilatory action, restricted to the management of extreme hypertensive crises.

Also: intravenous vasodilator nitroprusside · injectable nitroprusside · sodium nitroprusside injection

Nomogram of intravenous paracetamol Graphic adaptation of the classic nomogram to predict liver toxicity after overdose of intravenous paracetamol formulations.

Also: nomogram for IV paracetamol · Rumack-Matthew graph for IV paracetamol · nomogram of intravenous paracetamol

Rumack-Matthew nomogram Diagnostic graph that evaluates the risk of developing hepatotoxicity after a paracetamol overdose by correlating plasma levels with the time elapsed since ingestion.

Also: paracetamol nomogram · Rumack-Matthew curve · Rumack-Matthew control curve

Simplified Rumack-Matthew nomogram Adapted version of the paracetamol nomogram for the simplified evaluation of hepatotoxic risk based on plasma concentration.

Also: modified paracetamol chart · simplified Rumack-Matthew nomogram · one-line paracetamol nomogram

Norepinephrine bitartrate Purified vasopressor catecholamine that acts as a powerful agonist of alpha-adrenergic receptors, first choice for the management of vasoplegia.

Also: intravenous norepinephrine · intravenous soluble norepinephrine

Early enteral nutrition Start nutritional support through a digestive tube within the first twenty-four to forty-eight hours of admission to the ICU.

Also: early nutritional support · early enteral nutrition

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy Administration of one hundred percent oxygen at elevated atmospheric pressure within a pressurized chamber. (Hyperbaric oxygen therapy)

Also: hyperbaric chamber treatment · treatment in hyperbaric control chamber

Oxime pralidoxime injection Pralidoxime formulation for continuous infusion in critical care aimed at reactivating acetylcholinesterase of the neuromuscular plate.

Also: pralidoxime injection antidote · pralidoxime injection · soluble injectable pralidoxime

Reactivating oxime Compound that specifically breaks the covalent bond between organophosphate and acetylcholinesterase, restoring enzymatic function before the aging of the bond.

Also: oxime cholinesterase reactivator · oxime therapy · control oxime therapy

P0.1 in mechanical ventilation Negative pressure generated against the temporarily occluded airway at the beginning of inspiration, marker of central respiratory effort.

Also: P0.1 ventilatory control

Immune paralysis in sepsis State of immunosuppression and cellular anergy that occurs in the late phases of sepsis, predisposing to opportunistic infections.

Also: septic immunoparalysis · post-septic immunosuppression

Organophosphate plagiocide Chemical compound used in agriculture that acts by irreversibly inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, accumulating acetylcholine in synaptic junctions.

Also: organophosphate pesticide · organophosphate insecticide

Mechanical power of the fan Mathematical quantification of the physical energy per minute transferred by the ventilator to the lung of the critically ill patient, predictor of lung injury.

Also: mechanical power pulmonary · mechanical ventilatory power · mechanical power of the respirator

Polyneuropathy of the critically ill patient of axonal cause Acute axonal sensory-motor neuropathy that develops in severely ill patients associated with sepsis and persistent systemic inflammation.

Also: axonal polyneuropathy of the critically ill patient · neuropathy of the critically ill patient · neuropathy of the critically ill control patient

Respiratory system distention pressure Difference between plateau pressure and static PEEP measured during an inspiratory pause in invasive mechanical ventilation.

Also: driving static pressure · alveolar conduction pressure · control alveolar conduction pressure

Transpulmonary distention pressure Calculated mathematical difference between airway pressure and esophageal pressure that estimates the physical stress exerted on the lung parenchyma.

Also: driving pressure transpulmonary · alveolar stress · pulmonary distention stress

Calculated mean systemic filling pressure Pressure that represents the circulating stressed volume in the cardiovascular system measured or estimated under zero flow conditions.

Also: Estimated PMSF · Guyton mean systemic filling pressure · control Guyton mean systemic filling pressure

Airway occlusion pressure in the first tenth of a second Parameter that objectively measures the strength of the cerebral respiratory stimulus of the critically ill patient, independent of muscular capacity.

Also: Ventilatory P0.1 · central respiratory drive · central respiratory drive in ICU

Calculated abdominal perfusion pressure Effective intra-abdominal organ perfusion pressure estimated by subtracting the intra-abdominal pressure from the mean arterial pressure.

Also: Visceral perfusion PPA · abdominal perfusion pressure · control abdominal perfusion pressure

Optimal cerebral perfusion pressure Individualized mean arterial pressure range that maintains optimal cerebral blood flow and prevents ischemia or congestion.

Also: Optimal PPC in neurocritical patients · targeted optimal cerebral perfusion pressure

Spinal perfusion pressure Driving force of arterial perfusion to the spinal cord estimated by subtracting the intrathecal pressure from the mean arterial pressure.

Also: Spinal PPE · spinal cord perfusion pressure

Endotracheal cuff pressure Inflation pressure of the pneumotamponade of the endotracheal tube that must be kept optimized to prevent leaks and avoid tracheal ischemia.

Also: tracheal pneumotamponade pressure

Maximum static expiratory pressure Measurement of the maximum capacity for generating positive expiratory pressure that evaluates the strength of the abdominal and intercostal muscles.

Also: Control static PEmax · maximum expiratory muscle force

Maximum static inspiratory pressure Measurement of the maximum negative pressure generation capacity of the inspiratory muscles in the event of airway occlusion.

Also: Static PImax in ICU · maximum static inspiratory muscle force

Maximum measured inspiratory pressure Maximum negative pressure generated reflexly or voluntarily during an inspiratory effort against a completely obstructed airway.

Also: Static PImax in ICU · inspiratory muscle force · maximum inspiratory muscle force

Average airway pressure during mechanical ventilation Average pressure applied to the lung during the entire mechanical respiratory cycle, closely related to the recruitment of alveoli.

Also: Ventilatory mean · mean alveolar pressure

Inspiratory transpulmonary pressure Useful lung stretch pressure calculated by subtracting the pleural pressure measured by esophageal balloon from the airway pressure.

Also: active pulmonary stretch pressure · control inspiratory transpulmonary pressure

Propofol emulsion Fast-acting general anesthetic formulated in a lipid emulsion that depresses the central nervous system by acting on GABA-A receptors.

Also: lipid injectable propofol · sedative propofol · propofol in intravenous emulsion

BLUE Protocol Rapid lung ultrasound diagnostic algorithm designed to identify the cause of acute respiratory failure in the ICU.

Also: BLUE pulmonary protocol · BLUE ultrasound algorithm

FALLS protocol Ultrasound algorithm to guide fluid therapy in undifferentiated shock by monitoring the appearance of pulmonary interstitial congestion.

Also: FALLS algorithm · FALLS fluid therapy protocol

RUSH Protocol Rapid and structured ultrasound evaluation focused on diagnosing the type of underlying shock in hypotensive patients.

Also: RUSH algorithm · RUSH shock protocol

VExUS protocol Diagnostic algorithm that combines ultrasound of the inferior vena cava and Doppler of the hepatic, portal and renal veins to catalog venous congestion.

Also: Venous Excess Ultrasound Score · VExUS congestion protocol

Hemodynamic passive leg raising test Diagnostic maneuver that temporarily mobilizes splanchnic blood volume to the heart, dynamically evaluating preload.

Also: passive leg raising in shock · autotransfusion by leg elevation · autotransfusion by raising control legs

Spontaneous breathing test with T-piece Weaning technique where the patient is disconnected from the ventilator and allowed to breathe spontaneously through a T-piece.

Also: T test for extubation · weaning by T-piece · T-piece weaning in the ICU

Spontaneous breathing test with low pressure support Extubation tolerance test in which minimum levels of pressure support and positive pressure at the end of expiration are configured.

Also: low support test for weaning · low support test for ventilatory weaning

Pulmonary pulse on ultrasound Rhythmic transmission of heartbeats to the pleural line through an atelectatic or non-ventilated lung.

Also: lung control pulse · control ultrasound lung pulse

Lung point Highly specific ultrasound sign of pneumothorax that identifies the physical transition zone between the collapsed and aerated lung.

Also: ultrasound lung point · pulmonary control point · control ultrasound lung point · ultrasound control lung point

Venous excess score by ultrasonography Venous congestion classification system that integrates the inferior vena cava with hepatic, portal and renal flows.

Also: VExUS control protocol · VExUS congestion index

Ultrasonic venous excess score Doppler ultrasound quantification method of venous congestion that integrates the assessment of the vena cava, hepatic, portal and renal.

Also: full VExUS protocol · VExUS index of venous congestion · VExUS control venous congestion index

Quetiapine fumarate Second-generation antipsychotic administered enterally for the management of delirium and agitation in critically ill patients in the weaning phase.

Also: enteral quetiapine in ICU · quetiapine for gastric administration · quetiapine fumarate for oral use

Rasburicasa Recombinant enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to allantoin, a highly soluble compound eliminated through the kidneys.

Also: recombinant urate oxidase · rasburicase antidote

Cyclic alveolar recruitment Harmful and repeated process of alveolar opening and instability at the end of inspiration and collapse at the end of expiration during mechanical ventilation.

Also: cyclic alveolar collapse · cyclical recruitment and derecruitment · cyclical alveolar recruitment and derecruitment · cyclic alveolar collapse control · ICU alveolar cyclic recruitment

Remifentanil hydrochloride Synthetic opioid with an ultra-short half-life due to its rapid metabolization by nonspecific plasma and tissue esterases.

Also: fast-acting injectable remifentanil · intravenous remifentanil

Systemic venous return resistance Opposition offered by the systemic venous vascular tree to the return of blood to the right atrium.

Also: systemic venous return resistance · resistance to venous return · resistance to control venous return

Inspiratory resistance of the respiratory system calculated Measurement of frictional opposition to the flow of inspiratory gas through the ventilator circuit and the patient's airway.

Also: airway resistance in the ICU · resistive resistance of the respirator · resistive fan resistance

Calculated indexed pulmonary vascular resistance Total opposition offered by the pulmonary vascular bed to the blood flow ejected by the right ventricle, adjusted by body surface area.

Also: PVRI calculated · indexed pulmonary vascular resistance · control indexed pulmonary vascular resistance

Calculated indexed systemic vascular resistance Total opposition offered by the systemic vasculature to the blood flow ejected by the heart, adjusted by the body surface.

Also: SVRI calculated · indexed peripheral vascular resistance · control indexed peripheral vascular resistance

Rocuronium bromide Rapid-onset non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, commonly used to facilitate rapid sequence orotracheal intubation.

Also: fast-acting injectable rocuronium · rocuronium bromide

Mixed venous central oxygen saturation Percentage of oxygen saturation in the blood obtained from the right atrium or the superior vena cava, a reflection of the global metabolic balance.

Also: SvcO2 in shock · central venous oxygen saturation · control central venous oxygen saturation

Mixed venous pulmonary oxygen saturation Percentage of oxygen saturation in blood obtained directly from the pulmonary artery through a flotation catheter.

Also: Mixed pulmonary SvO2 · mixed venous saturation of the pulmonary artery · mixed venous saturation of the control pulmonary artery

Jugular venous oxygen saturation Percentage of oxygen in the blood of the bulb of the internal jugular vein that estimates the sufficiency of global cerebral blood flow.

Also: SjO2 in neurocritical patients · jugular oxygen saturation

Acute saturnism Severe form of lead poisoning that presents with intense abdominal cramps, acute encephalopathy, anemia and the presence of basophilic stippling in the erythrocytes.

Also: acute plumbism · acute lead poisoning

Catheter-associated sepsis Severe systemic infection confirmed by the isolation of the same pathogen in the central venous catheter and peripheral blood culture.

Also: catheter-associated bacteremia · sepsis due to central venous catheter

Sepsis associated with arterial catheter Bacteremia of nosocomial origin directly attributable to the colonization of a permanent arterial monitoring line.

Also: arterial line infection · bacteremia due to arterial catheter

Sepsis of urinary origin Severe infectious systemic response triggered by an infection located in the renal parenchyma or urinary tract.

Also: urosepsis · severe urosepsis · control urosepsis · severe urosepsis

Intra-abdominal sepsis Severe septic condition caused by the loss of the barrier integrity of an abdominal organ with peritonitis or purulent collections.

Also: sepsis of abdominal origin · severe intra-abdominal infection · infectious peritonitis with sepsis · control abdominal sepsis

Sepsis-3 organ dysfunction Diagnostic criterion for sepsis defined as an increase of two or more points in the SOFA scale score due to a dysregulated host response.

Also: diagnostic criteria for Sepsis-3 · Sepsis-3 dysfunction

Acute siderosis due to ingestion Severe toxicity due to massive ingestion of iron supplements, which triggers gastrointestinal hemorrhagic necrosis, metabolic acidosis and cardiogenic shock.

Also: acute iron poisoning · acute iron overdose

Beach sign in lung ultrasound Normal M-mode lung ultrasound pattern showing the interface between the static chest wall and the sliding lung.

Also: sonographic beach sign · pulmonary seashore sign · pulmonary seashore control sign · control ultrasound beach sign

Bar code sign on lung ultrasound Visual pattern in M mode indicative of the absence of pleural sliding, characteristic of the presence of air in the pleural space.

Also: ultrasound barcode sign · sign of the pulmonary stratosphere · control ultrasound stratosphere sign · pneumothorax barcode sign

Bat sign on lung ultrasound Two-dimensional ultrasound image that delimits the intercostal space using the acoustic shadows of the ribs as an anatomical reference.

Also: sign of the ultrasound bat · sign of the lung bat · control ultrasound bat sign · sign of the control lung bat

Sinusoid sign on lung ultrasound M-mode ultrasound pattern that demonstrates the respiratory cyclic variation of the pleural effusion space, useful for guiding thoracentesis.

Also: ultrasound sinusoid sign · sinusoidal variation of spill · control ultrasound sinusoid sign · sinusoidal sign of pleural effusion

Silibinin for intravenous use Soluble compound derived from silymarin that prevents hepatic uptake of amatoxins, protecting the parenchyma against acute liver failure.

Also: intravenous soluble silibinin · silibinin antidote · silibinin control antidote

Soluble silibinin infusion Purified intravenous phytotherapeutic agent used to block hepatic receptors for cellular uptake of amatoxins.

Also: silibinin emergency injection · purified intravenous silibinin · soluble purified silibinin

Acute abdominal compartment syndrome Condition in which sustained intra-abdominal pressure greater than twenty millimeters of mercury is associated with new acute organ failures.

Also: Critical surgical ACS · abdominal compartment syndrome · control abdominal compartment syndrome

Acute benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome A condition characterized by sympathetic hyperactivity, rebound insomnia, severe agitation and seizures after abrupt discontinuation of benzodiazepines.

Also: severe benzodiazepine withdrawal · benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome · control benzodiazepine deprivation syndrome

Opioid withdrawal syndrome Set of dysfunctional symptoms caused by abrupt discontinuation of opioids, manifested by mydriasis, lacrimation, diarrhea, piloerection and generalized pain.

Also: acute opioid deprivation syndrome · control acute opioid deprivation syndrome

Acute multiple organ dysfunction syndrome Acute state of severe dysfunction affecting multiple organs in a critically ill patient with altered homeostasis.

Also: acute multiple organ dysfunction · MODS sharp · acute multiorgan failure syndrome

Secondary multiple organ dysfunction syndrome Reversible alteration of the function of multiple organs in an acute patient secondary to an uncontrolled systemic response to an initial insult.

Also: Serious secondary MODS · acute multiple organ dysfunction · acute multiple organ dysfunction control

Fat embolism syndrome Systemic complication due to the release of fatty globules into the circulation after long bone fractures, characterized by respiratory failure, petechiae and confusion.

Also: systemic fat embolism · control fat embolism · ICU fat embolism syndrome

Acute propofol infusion syndrome Serious systemic complication associated with prolonged and high-dose infusions of propofol, characterized by metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis and heart failure.

Also: High-pitched SIP · propofol toxicity at high doses · propofol toxicity at high control doses

Refeeding syndrome Severe metabolic and electrolyte alterations triggered by the reinstatement of nutritional support in critically malnourished patients.

Also: metabolic refeeding syndrome · refeeding hypophosatemia

Intermediate organophosphate syndrome Proximal neuromuscular and respiratory muscle weakness that typically occurs 24 to 96 hours after acute organophosphate poisoning.

Also: type II paralysis due to organophosphates

Acute neuroleptic malignant syndrome Severe idiosyncrasy secondary to the use of dopaminergic blockers that presents with extreme muscle rigidity in a lead pipe, severe hyperthermia, autonomic instability and elevation of creatine kinase.

Also: Acute NMS · hyperthermia due to antipsychotics · hyperthermia due to control antipsychotics

PICS syndrome in persistent sepsis Complex syndrome characterized by chronic systemic inflammation, profound immunosuppression and progressive catabolic malnutrition in sepsis survivors.

Also: persistent inflammation, immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome · PICS · PICS control

Acute serotonin syndrome Potentially lethal adverse reaction caused by excess serotonergic activity, characterized by tremors, hyperreflexia, clonus, autonomic instability and mental alteration.

Also: severe serotonergic toxicity · acute serotonergic excess · acute serotonergic excess of control

Severe amphetamine overdose Clinical picture of extreme adrenergic hyperstimulation with violent agitation, hypertensive crisis, severe hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis and seizures.

Also: acute amphetamine toxicity · stimulant overdose · overdose of control stimulants

Acute cocaine overdose Critical cardiovascular condition characterized by severe hypertension, coronary vasospasm, ventricular arrhythmias and high risk of cerebral or myocardial ischemia.

Also: acute cocaine toxicity · sympathomimetic crisis due to cocaine · sympathomimetic crisis due to control cocaine

Severe heroin overdose Progressive and fatal respiratory depression induced by ultrarapid-acting semisynthetic opioid requiring urgent ventilatory support and rapid administration of naloxone.

Also: acute diacetylmorphine poisoning · critical heroin overdose · control critical heroin overdose

Succinylcholine hydrochloride Ultra-short-acting depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug used in highly difficult emergent intubation situations.

Also: injectable suxamethonium chloride · succinylcholine injection

Sufentanil citrate Extremely potent synthetic opioid analgesic used for deep analgesia in patients with cross-tolerance to other opioids.

Also: sufentanil injectable analgesic · intravenous sufentanil · sufentanil citrate

Sugammadex sodium injection Drug for immediate reversal of neuromuscular blockade induced by rocuronium or vecuronium through the formation of inclusion complexes.

Also: selective reversal sugammadex · sugammadex injection

Tissue oxygen extraction rate Proportion of oxygen captured by the tissues in relation to the total oxygen delivered by cardiac output.

Also: O2ER metabolic · tissue oxygen extraction · O2 extraction rate · control O2 extraction rate

Rescue intravenous lipid emulsion therapy Infusion of a lipid emulsion indicated as an emergency in the event of cardiac collapse due to toxicity of lipophilic drugs or local anesthetics.

Also: rescue lipid emulsion in ICU · intravenous lipid rescue · emergency lipid rescue

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic insulin therapy Rescue inotropic treatment in calcium antagonist poisoning that improves myocardial metabolism by facilitating the cellular entry of carbohydrates.

Also: high-dose insulin infusion for shock · metabolic rescue therapy with insulin

Goal-guided fluid therapy Optimized fluid administration protocol through continuous monitoring of functional preload and cardiac output parameters.

Also: goal-guided resuscitation · goal-directed fluid therapy

Extracorporeal renal support therapy Set of continuous or intermittent extracorporeal purification techniques used for the management of uremia and fluid overload in the ICU.

Also: artificial kidney support · renal extracorporeal clearance

Sodium thiosulfate Antidote that acts as a sulfur substrate for the rhodanese enzyme, facilitating the metabolic conversion of cyanide into non-toxic thiocyanate.

Also: thiosulfate antidote · thiosulfate control antidote

Sodium thiosulfate injectable antidote Sterile preparation of sodium thiosulfate indicated to safely enhance the physiological enzymatic conversion of cyanide.

Also: injectable antidote thiosulfate · intravenous sodium thiosulfate · sterile intravenous sodium thiosulfate

Deposit lead toxicity Chronic mobilization and release of lead accumulated in bone tissue, causing chronic anemia, saturnine nephropathy and persistent cognitive impairment.

Also: chronic deposit lead poisoning · chronic lead poisoning · chronic lead poisoning control

Acute anticholinergic toxindrome State caused by the blockade of muscarinic receptors that clinically presents with red, hot and dry skin, urinary retention, delirium and non-reactive mydriasis.

Also: acute atropinic toxindrome · systemic anticholinergic toxicity · control systemic anticholinergic toxicity

Severe cholinergic toxindrome Acute hyperstimulation of acetylcholine receptors manifested by miosis, sialorrhea, massive lacrimation, bronchorrhea, extreme bradycardia and fasciculations.

Also: acute cholinergic toxindrome · cholinergic crisis due to insecticides · cholinergic crisis due to control insecticides

Opioid withdrawal toxicity Self-limited noradrenergic hyperactivity due to abrupt withdrawal of opioids, characterized by mydriasis, diarrhea, tremors and irritability.

Also: acute opioid deprivation syndrome · opioid withdrawal syndrome · acute opioid withdrawal

Severe alcohol withdrawal toxindrome Systemic cortical hyperexcitability due to cessation of ethanol with delirium, hallucinations and high risk of generalized seizures.

Also: critical alcohol abstinence · delirium tremens severe · severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome

Stimulant overdose toxindrome Clinical picture of sympathetic hyperactivity induced by cocaine or amphetamine overdose with risk of target organ infarction.

Also: acute stimulant toxindrome · critical sympathomimetic overdose · adrenergic overdose due to stimulants

Classic opioid toxindrome Toxic syndrome defined clinically by the simultaneous presence of punctate miosis, marked respiratory depression and severe alteration of alertness.

Also: narcotic toxindrome · acute opioid overdose · acute overdose of control opioids

Acute sympathomimetic toxindrome Critical state of adrenergic stimulation due to abuse of substances such as cocaine or amphetamines, characterized by hypertension, tachycardia, mydriasis, diaphoresis and hyperthermia.

Also: acute adrenergic toxindrome · sympathomimetic toxicity · control sympathomimetic toxicity

Patient's work of breathing Total expenditure of mechanical energy used by the patient's inspiratory muscles to sustain the spontaneous ventilatory cycle.

Also: WOB active · respiratory muscle effort

Indexed left ventricular systolic work Hemodynamic parameter that estimates the mechanical energy used by the left ventricle to eject blood, normalized by body surface area.

Also: LVSWI functional · indexed left ventricular work · control indexed left ventricular work

Endotracheal tube with subglottic aspiration Endotracheal tube designed with a dedicated suction channel that allows secretions accumulated above the cuff to be evacuated.

Also: tube with subglottic aspiration lumen · subglottic suction endotracheal tube

Slow continuous ultrafiltration in water overload Simplified continuous renal replacement therapy technique designed exclusively for the extraction of free water in congestive states.

Also: SCUF in refractory heart failure · continuous slow ultrafiltration

Urosepsis with shock Painting of urinary tract infection with frank signs of organ dysfunction and vasoplegic shock requiring amine support.

Also: uroseptic shock · urosepsis with septic shock · control uroseptic shock · urosepsis with control septic shock

Obstructive urosepsis Systemic infection of urinary origin complicated by the presence of a mechanical stone or tumor obstruction of the urinary tract.

Also: severe obstructive urosepsis · obstructive urinary sepsis

Hemodynamic pulse pressure variability Cyclic variation in the amplitude of the blood pressure wave induced by mechanical ventilation, predictor of response to fluids.

Also: Functional PPV · variability of arterial pulse pressure · control arterial pulse pressure variability

Stroke volume variability hemodynamics Percentage change in left ventricular stroke volume during the inspiratory and expiratory phases of mechanical ventilation.

Also: SVV functional · stroke volume variability · control stroke volume variability

Vecuronium bromide Non-depolarizing steroid-type muscle relaxant with an intermediate duration of action, purified mainly by the bile and kidney tracts.

Also: vecuronium injection · vecuronium bromide

Measured cerebral flow velocity Integrated average of blood velocity in cerebral vessels evaluated by transcranial Doppler during a cardiac cycle.

Also: average speed by DTC · mean ultrasound cerebral flow velocity

Ventilation with airway pressure release in ARDS Strategy that maintains high airway pressures for continuous recruitment with brief periods of decompression to exhale carbon dioxide.

Also: APRV in ARDS · pressure release ventilation

Pressure controlled ventilation and decelerated flow Ventilatory support mode in which a pre-established constant pressure is maintained in the airway with decreasing flow.

Also: Classic PCV · pressure controlled ventilation · ICU pressure controlled ventilation

Ventilation controlled by volume and constant flow Ventilatory support mode where a pre-established volume of gas is delivered through a fixed constant flow wave.

Also: Classic VCV · volume controlled ventilation · ICU volume controlled ventilation

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation in adults Ventilation strategy with very low tidal volume and high frequency indicated in selected cases of severe refractory hypoxemia.

Also: HFOV in adults · high frequency pulmonary oscillation

Prophylactic non-invasive mechanical ventilation Application of non-invasive positive pressure support on a scheduled basis after extubation in patients at high risk of respiratory failure.

Also: Prophylactic NIV · non-invasive post-extubation support

Ultra-protective mechanical ventilation with carbon dioxide removal Ventilation strategy with very low tidal volume and extracorporeal CO2 elimination support to avoid severe lung damage.

Also: ultra-protective ventilation and ECCO2R · ultra-protective mechanical ventilation · ultra-protective mechanical control ventilation

Toxicology and critical care

Other glossary specialties