Alpha-linolenic acid Essential polyunsaturated fatty acid of the omega-3 family, plant precursor of EPA and DHA fatty acids in the body.

Also: ALA · alpha-linolenic acid

Alpha-linolenic acid of plant origin Omega-3 polyunsaturated lipid that is abundant in flax and chia seeds, whose endogenous conversion to EPA and DHA is limited in humans.

Also: plant-derived ALA

Vegetable alpha-linolenic acid Omega-3 polyunsaturated lipid that is abundant in flax and chia seeds, whose endogenous conversion to EPA and DHA is limited in humans.

Also: plant-derived ALA

Docosahexaenoic acid Long-chain omega-3 fatty acid essential for optimal neurological, cognitive and visual function development in humans.

Also: DHA · docosahexaenoic acid

Purified docosahexaenoic acid Concentrated omega-3 formulation used to support neurodevelopment in premature infants and to prevent senile cognitive deterioration.

Also: purified DHA

Active purified docosahexaenoic acid High purity concentrated formulation prescribed to enhance neurodevelopment in premature infants and preserve foveolar integrity.

Also: active purified DHA

Purified docosahexaenoic acid for pharmacological use High purity concentrated formulation prescribed to enhance neurodevelopment in premature infants and preserve foveolar integrity.

Also: active purified DHA

Eicosapentaenoic acid Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid from the omega-3 family, with important anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular protective properties.

Also: EPA · eicosapentaenoic acid

Purified eicosapentaenoic acid Pharmaceutically concentrated omega-3 fatty acid for use in the selective reduction of serum triglycerides in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia.

Also: purified EPA

Active purified eicosapentaenoic acid Concentrated omega-3 isomer for use as a highly effective lipid-lowering drug in refractory hypertriglyceridemias.

Also: active purified EPA

Purified eicosapentaenoic acid for pharmacological use Concentrated omega-3 isomer for use as a highly effective lipid-lowering drug in refractory hypertriglyceridemias.

Also: active purified EPA

Phytic acid Phosphorus compound present in plant seeds that acts as a powerful antinutrient by chelating metal cations in the intestine.

Also: phytate · phytic acid

Phytic acid from plant seeds Phosphorus compound present in plant seeds that acts as a powerful antinutrient by chelating metal cations in the intestine.

Also: phytate · phytic acid

Very short chain fatty acid Volatile lipid of less than six carbons produced exclusively by anaerobic fermentation of dietary fiber by bacteria in the human colon.

Also: volatile fatty acid

Dietary essential fatty acid Lipid that the human body is unable to synthesize endogenously and must be obtained through food to avoid deficiency syndromes.

Also: essential dietary fatty acid

Active dietary essential fatty acid Polyunsaturated fatty acid that must be provided in the diet to enable the synthesis of biological cell membranes.

Also: active essential fatty acid

Dietary essential fatty acid assimilation Polyunsaturated fatty acid that must be provided in the diet to enable the synthesis of biological cell membranes and myelin sheaths.

Also: active essential fatty acid

Plasma free fatty acid Non-esterified circulating lipid fraction loosely bound to serum albumin, immediately used by tissues as an active energy substrate.

Also: NEFA · non-esterified fatty acid · free fatty acid

Monounsaturated fatty acid Fatty acid that has a single double bond in its structure, with cardioprotective effects and abundant in olive oil.

Also: AGMI · monounsaturated fatty acid

Polyunsaturated fatty acid Lipid with two or more double bonds in its hydrocarbon chain, which includes the essential fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6.

Also: AGPI · polyunsaturated fatty acid

Saturated fatty acid Lipid that lacks double bonds in its carbon chain, solid at room temperature and associated with unfavorable lipid profiles if consumed in excess.

Also: AGS · saturated fatty acid

Trans fatty acid Unsaturated fatty acid isomer formed by industrial hydrogenation of oils, associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk.

Also: trans fatty acid · trans fat

Linoleic acid Essential polyunsaturated fatty acid of the omega-6 family, a fundamental constituent of cell membranes and precursor of eicosanoids.

Also: linoleic acid

Conjugated linoleic acid Group of linoleic acid isomers naturally present in ruminant fats, commercially promoted for modulating body composition.

Also: CLA · conjugated linoleic acid

Oleic acid Eighteen-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid abundant in olive oil that exerts favorable effects on cardiovascular health.

Also: oleic acid · omega-9

Oleic acid from olive oil Eighteen-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid abundant in olive oil that exerts favorable effects on cardiovascular health.

Also: oleic acid · omega-9

Oxalic acid Organic acid present in vegetables such as spinach that significantly interferes with the absorption and utilization of calcium from the diet.

Also: dietary oxalate · oxalic acid

Oxalic acid from spinach leaves Organic acid present in vegetables such as spinach that significantly interferes with the absorption and utilization of calcium from the diet.

Also: dietary oxalate · oxalic acid

Acrodermatitis enteropathica Genetic defect in the intestinal zinc transporter that causes periorificial dermatitis, alopecia, diarrhea and profound immunodeficiency.

Also: enteropathic acrodermatitis

Acrodermatitis enteropathica of hereditary origin Genetic zinc absorption disease that causes complete alopecia and periorificial dermatitis that is difficult to manage clinically.

Also: severe hereditary acrodermatitis enteropathica

Severe hereditary enteropathic acrodermatitis Genetic zinc absorption disease that causes complete alopecia and periorificial dermatitis that is difficult to manage clinically.

Also: severe hereditary acrodermatitis enteropathica

Clinical severe hereditary enteropathic acrodermatitis Genetic zinc absorption disease that causes complete alopecia and periorificial dermatitis that is difficult to manage clinically.

Also: severe hereditary acrodermatitis enteropathica

Inflammatory adipocytokine Signaling protein secreted by dysfunctional adipose tissue that promotes vascular inflammation in obese patients.

Also: inflammatory adipocin · inflammatory adipokine

Inflammatory adipocytokine of fatty tissue Signaling protein secreted by dysfunctional adipose tissue that promotes vascular inflammation in obese patients.

Also: inflammatory adipocin · inflammatory adipokine

Cellular metabolic water Volume of water formed intracellularly during mitochondrial catabolic processes of fat and carbohydrate oxidation.

Also: cell-derived metabolic water

Metabolic water of mitochondrial origin Volume of water formed intracellularly during mitochondrial catabolic processes of fat and carbohydrate oxidation.

Also: cell-derived metabolic water

Mitochondrial metabolic water Aqueous fraction generated in the mitochondrial matrix after the reduction of oxygen by cytochrome c oxidase in nutrient catabolism.

Also: mitochondrial metabolic water

Alkalosis due to severe starvation Severe acid-base disorder induced by cation depletion due to total food deprivation in the patient.

Also: severe starvation alkalosis

Alkalosis due to severe starvation Severe acid-base disorder induced by cation depletion due to total food deprivation in the patient.

Also: severe starvation alkalosis

Food allergen Protein substance contained in a food capable of inducing an immunological response of hypersensitivity commonly mediated by IgE.

Also: food allergy

Formulation food for medical purposes Nutritional formula designed for exclusive tube feeding support of patients with severe digestive or neurological disorders.

Also: medical nutrition food

Fortified food Food to which essential nutrients have been added industrially that it does not contain naturally or that were lost during processing.

Also: enriched food · fortified food

Functional food Food that, in addition to its basic nutritional value, contains bioactive compounds that provide additional health benefits and reduce the risk of diseases.

Also: functional food · active healthy food

Food for athletes Nutritional preparation formulated to meet the increased energy and hydration needs of people who perform intense physical activity.

Also: sports food

Food for specific prescription medical purposes Nutritional preparation formulated for the dietary support of pathologies with altered digestion, absorption or metabolism of nutrients.

Also: food for special medical purposes

Food for specific medical purposes Nutritional preparation formulated for the dietary support of pathologies with altered digestion, absorption or metabolism of nutrients.

Also: food for special medical purposes

Food for specific medical absorption purposes Nutritional preparation formulated for the dietary support of pathologies with altered digestion, absorption or metabolism of nutrients.

Also: food for special medical purposes

Food for medical purposes Nutritional formula designed for exclusive tube feeding support of patients with severe digestive or neurological disorders.

Also: medical nutrition food

Food for specific medical purposes Industrially formulated food for the dietary management of patients with specific nutritional requirements caused by an illness or physical limitation.

Also: APME · medical food

Ultra-processed food Industrial formulation made from substances derived from foods with additives and preservatives, with minimal or no contribution of whole foods.

Also: highly processed product · ultra-processed food

Amylopectin from foods Highly branched polysaccharide that makes up starch, whose rapid digestion provides an abrupt rise in blood glucose after ingestion.

Also: dietary amylopectin polysaccharide

Amylopectin from fast-consuming foods Highly branched polysaccharide that makes up starch, whose rapid digestion provides an abrupt rise in blood glucose after ingestion.

Also: dietary amylopectin polysaccharide

Slowly digestible amylose Linear starch polymer with a compact structure that slows the rate of glucose absorption in the small intestine.

Also: slow-digesting dietary amylose

Amylose from the slow digestion diet Linear starch polymer with a compact structure that slows the rate of glucose absorption in the small intestine.

Also: slow-digesting dietary amylose

Ketogenic amino acid Amino acid whose catabolism gives rise to the production of acetyl-CoA or acetoacetate, serving as a substrate for the synthesis of ketone bodies.

Also: ketogenic amino acid

Essential amino acid Amino acid that the human organism is unable to synthesize by itself endogenously and must be provided through the diet.

Also: essential amino acid · essential amino acid

Glucogenic amino acid Amino acid whose carbon skeleton is metabolized to give rise to pyruvate or intermediates of the citric acid cycle, serving as a substrate for gluconeogenesis.

Also: glucogenic amino acid

Limiting amino acid Essential amino acid that is found in a lower proportion in a food protein compared to the body's requirements, limiting total protein synthesis.

Also: limiting amino acid

Non-essential amino acid Amino acid that the human body is capable of synthesizing from other carbon and nitrogen compounds present in the body.

Also: dispensable amino acid · dispensable amino acid

Folate deficiency anemia Hematological alteration with megaloblastic and large erythrocytes due to deficient intake of folic acid in the diet.

Also: folate deficiency anemia

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia Maturational disorder of the bone marrow with ineffective erythropoiesis caused by insufficient supply or poor absorption of dietary cobalamin.

Also: vitamin B12 deficiency anemia

Clinical severe purging type anorexia Critical degree of malnutrition associated with recurrent intense purging that causes severe hypokalemia and secondary renal collapse.

Also: clinical severe purging anorexia nervosa

Severe purgative type anorexia Disorder characterized by severe restriction and daily purges that compromise the patient's life due to secondary arrhythmias.

Also: severe purging anorexia nervosa clinic

Severe clinical purging type anorexia Critical degree of malnutrition associated with recurrent intense purging that causes severe hypokalemia and secondary renal collapse.

Also: clinical severe purging anorexia nervosa

Restrictive type anorexia Variation of anorexia characterized exclusively by the absolute rejection of food without resorting to binge eating or associated purging.

Also: restrictive anorexia

Severe restrictive type anorexia Critical and voluntary weight loss associated with severe bradycardia caused by absolute rejection of food.

Also: severe restrictive anorexia nervosa clinic

Anorexia nervosa of clinical purgative type Disorder characterized by severe restriction and daily purges that compromise the patient's life due to secondary arrhythmias.

Also: severe purging anorexia nervosa clinic

Restrictive type anorexia nervosa Subtype of anorexia characterized by severe self-limitation of the volume and caloric intensity of the diet in the context of critically low weight.

Also: restrictive anorexia nervosa

Restrictive type anorexia nervosa with severe evolution Critical and voluntary weight loss associated with severe bradycardia caused by absolute refusal to eat food.

Also: severe restrictive anorexia nervosa clinic

Purgetive anorexia nervosa Clinical variation of anorexia where strict food restriction is regularly combined with self-induced purging episodes.

Also: purging anorexia nervosa

Severe clinical purgative anorexia nervosa Critical degree of malnutrition associated with recurrent intense purging that causes severe hypokalemia and secondary renal collapse.

Also: clinical severe purging anorexia nervosa

Atypical restrictive anorexia nervosa Abnormal eating pattern where the subject has a severe restriction of intake and fear of gaining weight, but maintains a normal body weight.

Also: atypical restrictive anorexia nervosa

Atypical restrictive anorexia nervosa Abnormal eating pattern where the subject has a severe restriction of intake and fear of gaining weight, but maintains a normal body weight.

Also: atypical restrictive anorexia nervosa

Food antioxidant Substance present in foods that prevents or delays cellular oxidative damage caused by free radicals through the donation of electrons.

Also: dietary antioxidant

Enzymatic antioxidant Endogenous enzyme such as superoxide dismutase or catalase that actively neutralizes cellular reactive oxygen species.

Also: endogenous enzymatic antioxidant

Cellular endogenous enzymatic antioxidant Endogenous enzyme such as superoxide dismutase or catalase that actively neutralizes cellular reactive oxygen species.

Also: endogenous enzymatic antioxidant

Exogenous antioxidant Reducing compound provided exclusively by the diet that collaborates in the neutralization of cellular reactive oxygen species.

Also: exogenous antioxidant

Specific appetite for salt Biological adaptive mechanism that drives the active selection and consumption of salty foods in states of severe hydrosaline depletion.

Also: physiological salt appetite

Appetite for sweets Innate and biologically determined preference towards the consumption of foods rich in simple sugars, mediated by oral sweet taste receptors.

Also: sweet appetite

Appetite for fats Sensory and metabolic preference that drives the consumption of lipid-dense foods, regulated by dopaminergic reward signals.

Also: fat appetite · lipid appetite

Appetite for fats of dopaminergic origin Sensory and metabolic preference that drives the consumption of lipid-dense foods, regulated by dopaminergic reward signals.

Also: fat appetite · lipid appetite

Active physiological saline appetite Adaptive impulse induced by aldosterone that forces the search for sodium to restore the hydromineral balance of the organism.

Also: active physiological salt appetite

Physiological saline appetite of aldosteronic origin Adaptive impulse induced by aldosterone that forces the search for sodium to restore the hydromineral balance of the organism.

Also: active physiological salt appetite

Selective appetite Psychological and individualized impulse that guides the choice and consumption of specific foods based on their craving or palatability.

Also: selective appetite

Avitaminosis A from food sources Extreme state of retinol deficiency that induces keratinization of epithelial tissues and irreversible night blindness if not treated urgently.

Also: severe vitamin A deficiency

Severe vitamin A deficiency Extreme state of retinol deficiency that induces keratinization of epithelial tissues and irreversible night blindness if not treated urgently.

Also: severe vitamin A deficiency

Avitaminosis C of advanced clinical course State of absolute deficiency of ascorbic acid that produces a breakdown of the tissue collagen structure that supports the body.

Also: advanced scurvy

Extreme vitamin C State of absolute deficiency of ascorbic acid that produces a breakdown of the tissue collagen structure that supports the body.

Also: advanced scurvy

Avitaminosis D of metabolic origin Critical deficiency of cholecalciferol that collapses bone mineralization and alters extracellular calcium homeostasis.

Also: severe vitamin D deficiency

Extreme vitamin D deficiency Critical deficiency of cholecalciferol that collapses bone mineralization and alters extracellular calcium homeostasis.

Also: severe vitamin D deficiency

Negative nitrogen balance Metabolic state in which nitrogen loss exceeds protein intake, indicating accelerated catabolism and muscle destruction.

Also: negative nitrogen balance · negative nitrogen balance

Negative nitrogen balance of catabolic origin Metabolic state in which nitrogen loss exceeds protein intake, indicating accelerated catabolism and muscle destruction.

Also: negative nitrogen balance · negative nitrogen balance

Positive nitrogen balance Metabolic state where nitrogen retention is greater than its excretion, characteristic of periods of growth, pregnancy or hypertrophy.

Also: positive nitrogen balance · positive nitrogen balance

Positive nitrogen balance of anabolic origin Metabolic state where nitrogen retention is greater than its excretion, characteristic of periods of growth, pregnancy or hypertrophy.

Also: positive nitrogen balance · positive nitrogen balance

Negative water balance Hydromineral imbalance characterized by body water losses greater than intake, leading to dehydration.

Also: negative water balance

Bioavailability of iron from animal origin High absorption rate of heme iron that is directly captured through specific receptors in the intestinal mucosa without interference.

Also: animal iron bioavailability

Bioavailability of iron from animal heme origin High absorption rate of heme iron that is directly captured through specific receptors in the intestinal mucosa without interference.

Also: animal iron bioavailability

Bioavailability of heme iron of animal origin Efficient absorption rate of bivalent iron of animal origin that crosses the digestive mucosa with minimal interference from phytates.

Also: dietary heme iron bioavailability

Bioavailability of dietary heme iron Efficient absorption rate of bivalent iron of animal origin that crosses the digestive mucosa with minimal interference from phytates.

Also: dietary heme iron bioavailability

Bioavailability of non-heme iron Proportion of inorganic iron of plant origin that is taken up by the body, strongly influenced by dietary modulators.

Also: non-heme iron bioavailability

Bioavailability of non-heme iron from the diet Proportion of absorption of inorganic iron from the diet highly conditioned by the presence of vitamin C or mucosal chelating compounds.

Also: dietary non-heme iron bioavailability

Bioavailability of non-heme iron from the active diet Inorganic iron absorption rate from the diet directly enhanced by the co-ingestion of ascorbic acid or animal proteins.

Also: active dietary non-heme iron bioavailability

Bioavailability of dietary non-heme iron Proportion of absorption of inorganic iron from the diet highly conditioned by the presence of vitamin C or chelating compounds.

Also: dietary non-heme iron bioavailability

Bioavailability of active dietary non-heme iron Inorganic iron absorption rate from the diet directly enhanced by the co-ingestion of ascorbic acid or animal proteins.

Also: active dietary non-heme iron bioavailability

Endemic nodular goiter with progressive evolution Multinodular thickening of the thyroid in populations exposed to severe dietary iodine deprivation.

Also: severe progressive endemic multinodular goiter

Severe progressive endemic nodular goiter Multinodular thickening of the thyroid in populations exposed to severe dietary iodine deprivation.

Also: severe progressive endemic multinodular goiter

Bromatologist Professional specialized in the chemical, microbiological, toxicological and sensory analysis of food substances.

Also: food scientist

Non-purgative bulimia nervosa Variant of bulimia where compensatory behaviors after binge eating consist of prolonged fasting or strenuous physical exercise instead of physical purges.

Also: non-purging bulimia nervosa

Non-purgative bulimia nervosa with severe clinical course Eating behavior disorder characterized by compulsive strenuous physical exercise as compensation, which causes chronic muscle fatigue.

Also: severe clinical non-purging bulimia

Severe clinical non-purgative bulimia nervosa Eating behavior disorder characterized by compulsive strenuous physical exercise as compensation, which causes chronic muscle fatigue.

Also: severe clinical non-purging bulimia

Bulimia nervosa purgative Subtype of bulimia in which the person repeatedly and immediately resorts to self-induced vomiting or laxatives after suffering from binge eating episodes.

Also: purging bulimia nervosa

Bulimia nervosa purgative with severe clinical course Eating disorder with binge eating followed by immediate vomiting that induces electrolyte imbalances that are difficult to manage.

Also: severe clinical purging bulimia nervosa

Severe clinical purgative bulimia nervosa Eating disorder with binge eating followed by immediate vomiting that induces electrolyte imbalances that are difficult to manage.

Also: severe clinical purging bulimia nervosa

Chemical calorie of the diet Potential energy contained in the molecular bonds of macronutrients that is released after their biological combustion.

Also: net dietary chemical calorie

Chemical calorie of absorption diet Potential energy contained in the molecular bonds of macronutrients that is released after their biological combustion.

Also: net dietary chemical calorie

Net dietary chemical calorie Measurement of the net potential energy contained in the macronutrients of foods estimated by analytical combustion.

Also: net dietary chemical calorie

Indirect Calorometry Non-invasive technique that determines energy expenditure at rest by analyzing oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production.

Also: indirect calorimetry

Glycemic load Indicator of the impact of a portion of food on blood glucose, calculated by multiplying its glycemic index by net carbohydrates.

Also: CG · glycemic load

Antioxidant carotenoid Pigment from plants without provitamin capacity that actively captures free radicals, protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage.

Also: antioxidant carotenoid

Antioxidant carotenoid of natural origin Pigment from plants without provitamin capacity that actively captures free radicals, protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage.

Also: antioxidant carotenoid

Active dietary provitamin carotenoid Phytonutrient that undergoes enzymatic cleavage in the intestinal mucosa to become the active form of vitamin A.

Also: active dietary provitamin A carotenoid

Active dietary provitamin carotenoid Phytonutrient that undergoes enzymatic cleavage in the intestinal mucosa to become the active form of vitamin A.

Also: active dietary provitamin A carotenoid

Energy density Amount of energy that a food provides per gram of weight, directly influenced by its water, fiber and fat content.

Also: caloric density · energy density

Nutritional density of micronutrients Amount of essential vitamins and minerals that a food provides in relation to its total caloric volume, an indicator of high dietary quality.

Also: micronutrient density

Acute hospital malnutrition Deterioration of nutritional status that occurs during a severe clinical hospitalization in the absence of timely caloric support.

Also: acute hospital-induced malnutrition

Mixed malnutrition Complex deficiency state in hospitalized patients characterized by severe chronic protein deficiency and concurrent acute caloric deprivation.

Also: protein-calorie malnutrition · mixed protein-calorie malnutrition

Mixed calorie and protein malnutrition Severe deficiency state that combines the loss of lean muscle mass from marasmus with hypoalbuminemia and tissue edema.

Also: protein-calorie mixed malnutrition

Mixed calorie-protein malnutrition Severe deficiency state that combines the loss of lean muscle mass from marasmus with hypoalbuminemia and tissue edema.

Also: protein-calorie mixed malnutrition

Mixed calorie-protein hospital malnutrition Severe deficiency state that combines the loss of lean muscle mass from marasmus with hypoalbuminemia and tissue edema.

Also: protein-calorie mixed malnutrition

Hypercaloric diet Eating regimen designed with an energy surplus to promote body weight gain, lean mass, or metabolic recovery.

Also: high-calorie diet

Hypocaloric diet Planned diet to provide an amount of energy lower than the subject's metabolic expenditure to promote the loss of body fat.

Also: low-calorie diet

Intestinal dysbiosis Alteration of the composition or function of the intestinal microbiota that compromises digestive homeostasis and favors inflammatory states.

Also: intestinal dysbacteriosis · intestinal dysbiosis

Intestinal dysbiosis of pharmacological cause Profound alteration in the digestive bacterial ecosystem caused by the continued use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Also: drug-induced intestinal dysbiosis

Drug-induced intestinal dysbiosis Profound alteration in the digestive bacterial ecosystem caused by the continued use of broad-spectrum antibiotics or other medications.

Also: drug-induced intestinal dysbiosis

Dysbiosis due to systemic antimicrobials Collapse of the diversity of the intestinal microbiota induced by the indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Also: systemic antibiotic-induced dysbiosis

Dysbiosis due to the use of systemic antimicrobials Collapse of the diversity of the intestinal microbiota induced by the indiscriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Also: systemic antibiotic-induced dysbiosis

Satiating effect of protein Superior ability of dietary proteins to prolong the state of satiety and delay hunger through the release of intestinal peptides.

Also: protein-induced satiety

Satiating effect of dietary proteins Property that dietary proteins have to inhibit appetite by suppressing the orexigenic hormone ghrelin.

Also: dietary protein satiety effect

Satiating effect of dietary protein absorption Property that dietary proteins have to inhibit appetite by suppressing the orexigenic hormone ghrelin.

Also: dietary protein satiety effect

Satiating effect of plant-based proteins Ability of proteins derived from legumes or cereals to regulate appetite for a long time after eating.

Also: plant protein satiety effect

Satiating effect of vegetable proteins Ability of proteins derived from legumes or cereals to regulate appetite for a long time after eating.

Also: plant protein satiety effect

Satiating effect of vegetable proteins from legumes Ability of proteins derived from legumes or cereals to regulate appetite for a long time after eating.

Also: plant protein satiety effect

Thermal effect of food Fraction of daily energy expenditure required for digestion, absorption, metabolism and storage of ingested nutrients.

Also: diet-induced thermogenesis · thermic effect of food

Thermal effect of macronutrients Energy expenditure necessary for the metabolic processing of ingested carbohydrates, fats or proteins, being maximum for the latter.

Also: macronutrient thermic effect

Thermal effect of dietary macronutrients Energy expenditure necessary for the metabolic processing of ingested carbohydrates, fats or proteins, being maximum for the latter.

Also: macronutrient thermic effect

Thermal effect of essential macronutrients Energy expenditure necessary for the metabolic processing of ingested carbohydrates, fats or proteins, being maximum for the latter.

Also: macronutrient thermic effect

Hepatic steatosis of non-alcoholic origin Massive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes that causes active inflammation and risk of progression to cirrhosis of metabolic origin.

Also: severe NAFLD metabolic fatty liver

Hepatic steatosis of non-alcoholic metabolic origin Excessive accumulation of neutral fats in liver tissue in patients with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.

Also: metabolic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Infantile hepatic steatosis of metabolic basis Accumulation of fat in liver tissue in young children directly related to overingestion of soft drinks and a sedentary lifestyle.

Also: pediatric fatty liver syndrome

Children's hepatic steatosis of severe metabolic origin Extreme accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatocytes of children, associated with severe insulin resistance, inflammation and early fibrosis.

Also: severe pediatric metabolic fatty liver disease

Metabolic infantile hepatic steatosis Accumulation of fat in liver tissue in young children directly related to overingestion of soft drinks and a sedentary lifestyle.

Also: pediatric fatty liver syndrome

Severe metabolic infantile hepatic steatosis Extreme accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatocytes of children, associated with severe insulin resistance, inflammation and early fibrosis.

Also: severe pediatric metabolic fatty liver disease

Childhood metabolic hepatic steatosis Abnormal accumulation of lipids within liver cells in children directly associated with excessive intake of refined sugars and sedentary lifestyle.

Also: pediatric metabolic fatty liver

Progressive infantile metabolic hepatic steatosis Irreversible lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes of young children associated with tissue inflammation and accelerated progression to steatohepatitis.

Also: progressive pediatric metabolic fatty liver

Active progressive infantile metabolic hepatic steatosis Irreversible lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes of young children associated with tissue inflammation and accelerated progression to steatohepatitis.

Also: progressive pediatric metabolic fatty liver

Progressive metabolic hepatic steatosis of the infant Irreversible lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes of young children associated with tissue inflammation and accelerated progression to steatohepatitis.

Also: progressive pediatric metabolic fatty liver

Severe non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis Massive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes that causes active inflammation and risk of progression to cirrhosis.

Also: severe NAFLD metabolic fatty liver

Metabolic non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis Excessive accumulation of neutral fats in liver tissue in patients with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.

Also: metabolic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Severe metabolic non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis Excessive accumulation of neutral fats in liver tissue in patients with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.

Also: metabolic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Functional fiber Isolated or synthesized non-digestible carbohydrates that have been shown to exert beneficial physiological effects on human health after consumption.

Also: functional fiber

Insoluble fiber Fiber that does not dissolve in water and increases the volume of feces, stimulating peristalsis and intestinal transit.

Also: insoluble fiber · bran fiber

Soluble fiber Fraction of vegetable carbohydrates that dissolves in water forming gels, delaying digestion and modulating blood glucose.

Also: soluble fiber · gelling fiber

Phytosterol Plant compound with a chemical structure similar to cholesterol that competes for its absorption in intestinal micelles, reducing circulating levels of LDL.

Also: plant sterol · phytosterol

Free phytosterol Non-esterified plant sterol molecule with powerful competitive action to inhibit the absorption of biliary and dietary cholesterol.

Also: free phytosterol

Free competitive absorption phytosterol Plant compound that selectively reduces cholesterol uptake in the microvilli of the patient's small intestine.

Also: competitive absorption free phytosterol

Phytosterol free of competitive assimilation Non-esterified plant compound present in oils and nuts that reduces the assimilation of endogenous cholesterol.

Also: natural dietary free phytosterol

Phytosterol free of absorption competition Plant compound that selectively reduces cholesterol uptake in the microvilli of the patient's small intestine.

Also: competitive absorption free phytosterol

Phytosterol free of micellar competition Natural plant sterol that inhibits the absorption of dietary cholesterol in the enterocyte by competitive micelle competition.

Also: natural free phytosterol

Natural dietary free phytosterol Non-esterified plant compound present in oils and nuts that reduces the assimilation of endogenous cholesterol.

Also: natural dietary free phytosterol

Free active esterified phytosterol Plant compound optimized to dissolve in fats and competitively reduce the assimilation of serum cholesterol.

Also: active esterified free phytosterol

Free esterified phytosterol with competitive action Plant compound optimized to dissolve in fats and competitively reduce the assimilation of serum cholesterol.

Also: active esterified free phytosterol

Natural free phytosterol Natural plant sterol that inhibits the absorption of dietary cholesterol in the enterocyte by competitive micelle competition.

Also: natural free phytosterol

Phytoestrogen Non-steroidal plant compound with a structure similar to estrogen, capable of weakly binding to its cellular receptors.

Also: phytoestrogen

Phytochemical Bioactive compound synthesized by plants that, without being considered an essential nutrient, has biological properties that promote health.

Also: phytonutrient · phytochemical

Flavonoid Plant polyphenolic compound with powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory properties present in fruits and vegetables.

Also: flavonoid

Elementary enteral formula Nutritional preparation consisting of free amino acids and monosaccharides ready to be absorbed without prior enzymatic digestion.

Also: elemental formula

Elementary amino acid enteral formula Nutritional preparation by tube consisting exclusively of free amino acids for direct intestinal uptake without prior digestion.

Also: free amino acid elemental enteral formula

Elemental enteral formula of free amino acids Liquid solution for probe made up of amino acids to enable direct absorption in the jejunum in the event of villous atrophy.

Also: free amino acid elemental enteral formula clinical

Elementary enteral formula of active free amino acids Liquid infusion solution that directly provides amino acids for direct and immediate absorption in the jejunum.

Also: free amino acid elemental enteral formula clinical

Elementary enteral formula of free-absorbing amino acids Nutritional preparation by tube consisting exclusively of free amino acids for direct intestinal uptake without prior digestion in the mucosa.

Also: free amino acid elemental enteral formula

Elementary enteral formula of free amino acids for consultation Liquid solution for probe made up of amino acids to enable direct absorption in the jejunum in the event of villous atrophy.

Also: free amino acid elemental enteral formula clinical

Hypercaloric enteral formula Concentrated enteral preparation that provides between one point five and two kilocalories per milliliter of volume, reducing water requirements.

Also: high-calorie feeding formula

Hypercaloric enteral formula with volumetric infusion Probe support solution that provides a surplus of energy per volume for patients with fluid restriction in intensive care.

Also: concentrated high-calorie enteral formula

Liquid hypercaloric enteral formula Tube support solution that provides a surplus of energy per volume for patients with fluid restriction.

Also: concentrated high-calorie enteral formula

Normocaloric enteral formula Enteral nutritional solution via tube that provides an exact kilocalorie for each milliliter infused for standard support.

Also: standard polymeric feeding

Normocaloric rapid infusion enteral formula Tube infusion solution that provides one kilocalorie per milliliter for the maintenance of stable patients in the hospital.

Also: standard liquid enteral formula

Normocaloric liquid enteral formula Tube infusion solution that provides one kilocalorie per milliliter for the maintenance of stable patients in the hospital.

Also: standard liquid enteral formula

Oligomeric enteral formula Enteral nutrition formulated with partially hydrolyzed proteins and peptides to facilitate their absorption in compromised intestines.

Also: oligomeric formula

Peptide oligomeric enteral formula Nutritional support solution by tube with hydrolyzed peptides that facilitate absorption in the face of an atrophied or inflamed intestinal mucosa.

Also: peptide-based oligomeric enteral formula

Rapidly absorbed peptide oligomeric enteral formula Nutritional support solution by tube with hydrolyzed peptides that facilitate absorption in the face of a rapidly atrophied or inflamed intestinal mucosa.

Also: peptide-based oligomeric enteral formula

Polymeric enteral formula Complete liquid solution for tube support containing intact nutrients, complex carbohydrates and long chain lipids.

Also: polymeric formula

Concentrated polymeric enteral formula Enteral nutritional solution by tube with high caloric density and osmolarity for patients with severe fluid restriction.

Also: concentrated polymeric enteral formula

Increased concentration polymeric enteral formula Liquid preparation for tube support that provides a caloric density of one point five to two kilocalories per milliliter of infusion.

Also: concentrated polymeric enteral formula

Standard maintenance polymeric enteral formula Liquid tube solution that mimics the macronutrient distribution of a normal balanced diet for maintenance nutritional support.

Also: standard polymeric formula

Standard polymeric enteral formula Liquid tube solution that mimics the macronutrient distribution of a normal balanced diet for nutritional support.

Also: standard polymeric formula

Normoprotein polymeric enteral formula for absorption Liquid enteral tube food designed for the balanced supply of macronutrients without leaving fecal residue in the digestive tract.

Also: fiber-free standard polymeric formula

Normoprotein polymeric enteral formula without fiber Liquid enteral tube food designed for the balanced supply of macronutrients without leaving fecal residue in the digestive tract.

Also: fiber-free standard polymeric formula

Active dietary phospholipid Soluble phospholipid molecule in the food matrix that facilitates the intestinal transport and assimilation of other fat-soluble vitamins.

Also: active dietary phospholipid

Active dietary phospholipid of natural origin Soluble phospholipid molecule in the food matrix that facilitates the intestinal transport and assimilation of other fat-soluble vitamins.

Also: active dietary phospholipid

Free fructose Fructose molecule that is not bound to glucose and that requires specific transporters for its absorption in the intestinal mucosa.

Also: free fructose

Caloric expenditure from programmed physical activity Energy expenditure dissipated during the execution of structured exercise routines for physical conditioning.

Also: programmed exercise energy expenditure

Caloric expenditure of scheduled activity Energy expenditure dissipated during the execution of structured exercise routines for physical conditioning.

Also: programmed exercise energy expenditure

Caloric expenditure of structured training Energy dissipated during the programmed development of a physical activity routine aimed at improving resistance or lean mass.

Also: structured physical exercise energy

Structured caloric expenditure Energy dissipated during the programmed development of a physical activity routine aimed at improving resistance or lean mass.

Also: structured physical exercise energy

Structured caloric expenditure from planned sports activity Caloric expenditure dissipated in the form of programmed exercise to complement the total metabolic balance of the individual.

Also: structured physical activity energy expenditure

Structured calorie expenditure from physical activity Caloric expenditure dissipated in the form of programmed exercise to complement the total metabolic balance of the individual.

Also: structured physical activity energy expenditure

Structured caloric expenditure from sports physical activity Caloric expenditure dissipated in the form of programmed exercise to complement the total metabolic balance of the individual.

Also: structured physical activity energy expenditure

Basal energy expenditure Minimum amount of energy that the body requires in absolute rest, fasting and thermal neutrality to maintain its basic vital functions.

Also: GEB · basal energy expenditure

Activity energy expenditure Fraction of total daily energy expenditure consumed during spontaneous or scheduled physical activity.

Also: GEA · energy expenditure of physical activity

Energy expenditure from sports activity Amount of calories consumed during a planned sports training to increase physical performance.

Also: athletic structured activity energy expenditure

Energy expenditure of sports training activity Amount of calories consumed during a planned sports training to increase physical performance.

Also: athletic structured activity energy expenditure

Energy expenditure of spontaneous activity Energy consumed involuntarily by spontaneous daily movements, maintaining posture or agitation gestures.

Also: NEAT · non-exercise activity thermogenesis

Energy expenditure of daily spontaneous activity Energy dissipated for the development of unscheduled daily movements, of great importance in the basal metabolic rate.

Also: daily spontaneous activity energy expenditure

Energy expenditure of daily spontaneous maintenance activity Energy dissipated for the development of unscheduled daily movements, of great importance in the metabolic rate of the awake subject.

Also: daily spontaneous activity energy expenditure

Energy expenditure of thermoregulation Energy consumed by the body to maintain stable body temperature in the face of extreme environmental thermal variations.

Also: thermoregulatory energy expenditure

Estimated daily energy expenditure Calculated total amount of calories that an individual consumes in a full day to maintain body balance.

Also: estimated daily energy expenditure

Basal estimated daily energy expenditure Basic life maintenance expenditure integrating weight and height variables in patients unable to perform physical activity.

Also: estimated daily basal energy expenditure

Estimated clinical baseline daily energy expenditure Basic life maintenance expenditure integrating weight and height variables in patients unable to perform physical activity.

Also: estimated daily basal energy expenditure

Energy expenditure at rest Energy consumed by an individual under conditions of physical rest, without strict fasting and in a temperate environment, being slightly higher than basal expenditure.

Also: GER · resting energy expenditure

Total energy expenditure Sum of basal energy expenditure, the thermic effect of food and energy expenditure derived from daily physical activity.

Also: GET · total energy expenditure

Fast twitch muscle glycogen Glucidic reserve of muscle tissue from which energy is obtained in an accelerated manner during intense, extreme speed exercises.

Also: fast anaerobic muscle glycogen

Skeletal muscle glycogen Glucose homopolymer highly packed in muscle fibers whose anaerobic decomposition generates immediate energy for contraction.

Also: skeletal muscle glycogen

Fast anaerobic muscle glycogen Glucidic reserve of muscle tissue from which energy is obtained in an accelerated manner during intense, extreme speed exercises.

Also: fast anaerobic muscle glycogen

Fast anaerobic degradable muscle glycogen Glucidic reserve of muscle tissue from which energy is obtained in an accelerated manner during intense, extreme speed exercises.

Also: fast anaerobic muscle glycogen

Degradable muscle storage glycogen Glucose homopolymer highly packed in muscle fibers whose anaerobic decomposition generates immediate energy for contraction.

Also: skeletal muscle glycogen

Beige fat Adipose tissue with intermediate thermogenic properties that dissipates energy in the form of heat thanks to the activation of uncoupling protein 1.

Also: beige adipocyte · beige fat

Chronic micronutrient hunger Silent state of vitamin and trace element deficiency that affects growth and immunity in apparently well-nourished populations.

Also: chronic trace element hunger

Population hunger for micronutrients Silent state of vitamin and trace element deficiency that affects growth and immunity in apparently well-nourished populations.

Also: chronic trace element hunger

Hidden hunger Chronic deficiency of essential vitamins and minerals in people who consume enough calories but foods of low nutritional quality.

Also: hidden micronutrient deficiency · hidden hunger

Synthetic hypervitaminosis K Unusual systemic toxicity due to excess menadione that deforms the viability of erythrocytes, causing hemolysis.

Also: synthetic vitamin K toxicity

Synthetic hypervitaminosis K for clinical use Unusual systemic toxicity due to excess menadione that deforms the viability of erythrocytes, causing hemolysis.

Also: synthetic vitamin K toxicity

Fat mass index Estimation of the amount of body fat mass adjusted according to the height of the patient evaluated in the nutritional clinic.

Also: fat mass index

Height-adjusted fat mass index Estimation of the amount of body fat mass adjusted according to the height of the patient evaluated in the nutritional clinic.

Also: fat mass index

Glycemic index Measurement that classifies the carbohydrates in a food according to their speed and capacity to raise blood glucose after consumption.

Also: IG · glycemic index

Food insecurity Situation in which people lack regular physical, social or economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs.

Also: food insecurity

Mild food insecurity Situation in which the person experiences uncertainty regarding the availability or regular access to quality food and nutritional variety.

Also: mild food insecurity

Mild food insecurity Situation in which the person experiences uncertainty regarding the availability or regular access to quality food and nutritional variety.

Also: mild food insecurity

Moderate food insecurity Recurrent difficulty in stable access to quality foods and being forced to reduce the variety or volume of the diet.

Also: moderate food insecurity

Food intolerance Adverse response of the organism, of non-immunological origin, to the ingestion of a food due to enzymatic or metabolic deficiencies.

Also: food intolerance

Intestinal lactase Enzyme present in the microvilli of the small intestine responsible for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose.

Also: intestinal beta-galactosidase · intestinal lactase

Dietary lactose Main soluble sugar in milk and derivatives that requires enzymatic hydrolysis for absorption in the patient's small intestine.

Also: dietary lactose

Dietary lactose absorption Milk sugar that must be hydrolyzed into glucose and galactose at the brush border to penetrate the intestinal barrier.

Also: absorbable dietary lactose

Dietary lactose for intestinal absorption Milk disaccharide that must be hydrolyzed to allow its active uptake in the enterocyte of the digestive mucosa.

Also: intestinal absorbable dietary lactose

Dietary lactose for mucosal assimilation Milk disaccharide that must be hydrolyzed to allow its active uptake in the enterocyte of the digestive mucosa.

Also: intestinal absorbable dietary lactose

Gastric mucosal secretion lipase Stomach enzyme of vital importance to initiate the digestion of triglycerides, especially active during the breastfeeding period.

Also: functional gastric lipase

Functional gastric lipase Stomach enzyme of vital importance to initiate the digestion of triglycerides, especially active during the breastfeeding period.

Also: functional gastric lipase

Lycopene Carotenoid pigment without vitamin A activity with antioxidant and cellular protective properties present in tomato.

Also: lycopene

Lactose malabsorption Inability of the small intestine to digest lactose due to low activity or deficiency of the lactase enzyme.

Also: lactose malabsorption

Chronic hospital malnutrition Persistent deterioration of fat and muscle reserves in patients with long-term hospitalizations without active nutritional support.

Also: chronic hospital-induced malnutrition

Chronic hospital malnutrition of slow progression Loss of muscle and fat reserves in patients with long hospital stays due to the absence of proactive caloric support.

Also: progressive chronic hospital-induced malnutrition

Chronic progressive hospital malnutrition Loss of muscle and fat reserves in patients with long hospital stays due to the absence of proactive caloric support.

Also: progressive chronic hospital-induced malnutrition

Clinical chronic progressive hospital malnutrition Loss of muscle and fat reserves in patients with long hospital stays due to the absence of proactive caloric support.

Also: progressive chronic hospital-induced malnutrition

Subclinical malnutrition State of nutrient deficiency that alters metabolic processes without manifesting obvious physical signs in the clinical examination.

Also: subclinical malnutrition · hidden nutritional deficiency

Subclinical malnutrition of a hidden nature Non-physically detectable nutrient deficiency that silently deteriorates the immune response and increases morbidity and mortality.

Also: hidden subclinical malnutrition

Hidden subclinical malnutrition Non-physically detectable nutrient deficiency that silently deteriorates the immune response and increases morbidity and mortality.

Also: hidden subclinical malnutrition

Bitot spots Dry, foamy, triangular plaques on the bulbar conjunctiva that constitute a classic clinical sign of severe vitamin A deficiency.

Also: Bitot's spots

Nutritional morass Severe form of malnutrition due to chronic total caloric deficit, characterized by severe wasting, loss of subcutaneous fat and muscle mass.

Also: marasmus · chronic wasting disease

Estimated basal metabolism Calculation of absolute rest energy expenditure carried out using anthropometric equations validated in the absence of calorimetry.

Also: estimated basal metabolism

Absorbable dietary monosaccharide Simple sugar that is selectively taken up directly through the SGLT1 cotransporter or the GLUT5 transporter in the enterocyte.

Also: dietary absorbable monosaccharide

Dietary soluble monosaccharide Soluble simple sugar that is assimilated directly in the gastrointestinal tract without requiring hydrolysis by apical disaccharidases.

Also: soluble dietary monosaccharide

Soluble monosaccharide from the absorption diet Soluble simple sugar that is assimilated directly in the gastrointestinal tract without requiring hydrolysis by apical disaccharidases.

Also: soluble dietary monosaccharide

Rapid uptake monosaccharides Simple sugars that rapidly cross the intestinal barrier, causing an abrupt insulin response after consumption.

Also: fast-absorbing dietary monosaccharides

Absorbable dietary monosaccharides Simple sugars that cross the luminal membrane of the enterocyte selectively to enter the portal blood circulation.

Also: absorbable dietary monosaccharides

Dietary monosaccharides with rapid intestinal uptake Simple sugars that rapidly cross the intestinal barrier, causing an abrupt insulin response after consumption.

Also: fast-absorbing dietary monosaccharides

Dietary monosaccharides with active rapid uptake Simple sugars that rapidly cross the intestinal barrier, causing an abrupt insulin response after consumption.

Also: fast-absorbing dietary monosaccharides

Clinical Nutrigenetics Practical application of genotyping tests to formulate personalized dietary recommendations based on single nucleotide polymorphisms.

Also: clinical nutrigenetics

Clinical translational nutrigenomics Practical application of genomic sciences in the development of preventive dietary regimens to modulate the expression of individual genes.

Also: clinical translational nutrigenomics

Trace essential trace element Mineral element essential for human life that must be provided daily in the diet to avoid multi-organ metabolic failure.

Also: essential trace trace element

Ultra-trace trace element Essential mineral that the body requires in extremely low quantities, less than one milligram per day, for specific cellular processes.

Also: ultra-trace element

Essential highly relevant ultra-trace trace element Mineral element necessary in micrograms daily for correct cell development and maintenance of antioxidant defenses.

Also: essential ultra-trace trace element

Essential ultra-trace trace element Mineral element necessary in micrograms daily for correct cell development and maintenance of antioxidant defenses.

Also: essential ultra-trace trace element

Orthorexia with severe clinical evolution Extreme obsession with consuming clean foods that induces severe protein malnutrition and loss of immunity.

Also: severe clinical obsessive orthorexia

Severe food restriction orthorexia Psychiatric obsession with healthy foods that culminates in severe clinical malnutrition with organ collapse and severe wasting.

Also: severe clinical orthorexia

Orthorexia of obsessive-compulsive type Extreme obsession with consuming clean foods that induces severe protein malnutrition and loss of immunity.

Also: severe clinical obsessive orthorexia

Severe obsessive-compulsive type orthorexia Extreme obsession with consuming clean foods that induces severe protein malnutrition and loss of immunity.

Also: severe clinical obsessive orthorexia

Extreme restrictive orthorexia Psychiatric obsession with healthy foods culminating in severe clinical malnutrition with organ collapse and severe wasting.

Also: severe clinical orthorexia

Orthorexia nervosa Pathological and irrational obsession with consuming only foods considered pure, clean, healthy or organic, which leads to severe restrictions and isolation.

Also: orthorexia nervosa

Severe obsessive-compulsive orthorexia Dietary obsession that produces extreme exclusion of foods, severe malnutrition with loss of lean mass and functional collapse.

Also: severe obsessive-compulsive orthorexia

Pica refined starch Compulsive consumption of raw flour or starch that usually accompanies and clinically reveals severe iron deficiency anemia.

Also: amylophagia · starch eating pica

Compulsive ice pick Ice consumption that is clinically associated with an advanced state of body iron deficiency in the patient.

Also: clinical pagophagia · compulsive ice pica

Severe compulsive ice pick Persistent ice consumption that is clinically associated with an advanced state of body iron deficiency in the patient.

Also: clinical pagophagia · compulsive ice pica

Ice pick of compulsive origin Persistent ice consumption that is clinically associated with an advanced state of body iron deficiency in the patient.

Also: clinical pagophagia · compulsive ice pica

Pick of clay soil Compulsive soil ingestion observed in pregnant women and children as an indirect indicator of nutritional iron deficiencies.

Also: clinical geophagia

Clay type earth spike Compulsive disorder characterized by the consumption of mud that drastically interferes with the transport of trace elements.

Also: clinical geophagy mineral pica

Pick of earth and clay of organic origin Pathological consumption of clay substances derived from a severe mineral deficiency, drastically interfering with the transport of nutrients.

Also: organic geophagia pica

Pick of earth and mineral clay Compulsive disorder characterized by the consumption of mud that drastically interferes with the transport of trace elements.

Also: clinical geophagy mineral pica

Pick of soil and organic clay Pathological consumption of clay substances derived from a severe mineral deficiency, drastically interfering with the transport of nutrients.

Also: organic geophagia pica

Pick of dirt and mud Compulsive soil ingestion observed in pregnant women and children as an indirect indicator of nutritional iron deficiencies.

Also: clinical geophagia

Pick of blackboard chalk Compulsive consumption of common chalk that alerts the clinician to the presence of profound iron deficiency anemia in the patient.

Also: chalk eating pica

School chalk pick Compulsive consumption of common chalk that alerts the clinician to the presence of profound iron deficiency anemia in the patient.

Also: chalk eating pica

Prebiotic Non-digestible food ingredient, mainly fermentable carbohydrates, that stimulates the selective growth of beneficial colonic bacteria.

Also: prebiotic

Prebiotic oligosaccharide Type of soluble fiber composed of short chains of indigestible sugars, such as inulin, which promotes the bifidogenic microbiota.

Also: oligosaccharide prebiotic

Selective prebiotic Non-digestible fiber that exclusively modulates the growth of colonies of lactobacilli or bifidobacteria without feeding opportunistic pathogens.

Also: selective prebiotic

Probiotic Live microorganism that, when administered in adequate quantities through the diet, confers specific benefits to the host's health.

Also: probiotic · beneficial bacteria

Multispecies probiotic Commercial preparation that combines different live and compatible bacterial strains to enhance dysbiosis and global intestinal balance.

Also: multi-strain probiotic

Satiation Dynamic process that occurs during eating and that determines the voluntary cessation of intake due to gastric distention and the release of satiating peptides.

Also: satiation · termination of intake

Gastric satiation Cessation of food intake caused mainly by mechanical signals of distension of the stomach walls sent to the nucleus of the solitary tract.

Also: gastric satiation

Mechanical gastric satiation Stimulation of tension and volume receptors in the gastric walls that signals the end of ingestion in the brain.

Also: mechanical gastric satiety

Coordinated gastrointestinal satiation Integration of mechanical distention signals and digestive hormones that put an end to ingestion during a balanced meal.

Also: coordinated gastrointestinal satiation

Integrated gastrointestinal satiation Integration of mechanical distention signals and digestive hormones that put an end to ingestion during a balanced meal.

Also: coordinated gastrointestinal satiation

Chemical intestinal satiation Release of appetite suppressing peptides activated by the contact of fats and proteins in the mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum.

Also: chemical intestinal satiety

Specific sensory satiation Gradual decrease in pleasure and appetite for a specific food as it is consumed, while the palatability of other foods remains constant.

Also: sensory-specific satiety

Active gastric volumetric satiation Activation of the vagal afferent pathways of satiety caused by the ingestion of foods with low caloric density and rich in fiber.

Also: active physiological gastric volume satiety

Physiological active gastric volumetric satiation Activation of the vagal afferent pathways of satiety caused by the ingestion of foods with low caloric density and rich in fiber.

Also: active physiological gastric volume satiety

Coordinated gastric volumetric satiation Integration of gastric proprioceptive signals induced by the volume of the food bolus to limit intake during the meal.

Also: coordinated gastric volumetric satiety

Gastric volumetric satiation of mechanical origin Activation of the vagal afferent pathways of satiety caused by the ingestion of foods with low caloric density and rich in fiber.

Also: active physiological gastric volume satiety

Gastric volumetric satiation of coordinated mechanical origin Integration of gastric proprioceptive signals induced by the volume of the food bolus to limit intake during the meal.

Also: coordinated gastric volumetric satiety

Physiological gastric volumetric satiation Triggering of nervous signals of satiety caused by the distension of the stomach wall when faced with foods rich in soluble fiber and water.

Also: physiological gastric volume satiety

Selective gastric volumetric satiation Triggering of mechanical signals of fullness due to the ingestion of a bolus with high water and fiber content.

Also: selective gastric volume satiety

Natural selective gastric volumetric satiation Triggering of mechanical signals of fullness due to the ingestion of a bolus with high water and soluble fiber content.

Also: selective gastric volume satiety

Satiety State of physical fullness and absence of hunger that persists after finishing eating, determining the time interval between one meal and the next.

Also: satiety

Symbiotic Nutritional product that combines prebiotics and probiotics to improve the survival and implantation of beneficial microorganisms in the intestine.

Also: synbiotic

Enteral nutritional support Clinical support consisting of the administration of nutrients directly into the gastrointestinal tract through tubes or stomas in patients with a functional digestive system.

Also: enteral nutrition by tube · enteral support · enteral nutrition support

Enteral nutritional support for home use Mode of administration of enteral formulas by tube in the patient's home for the long-term management of chronic pathologies.

Also: home enteral nutrition support

Home enteral nutritional support Mode of administration of enteral formulas by tube in the patient's home for the long-term management of chronic pathologies.

Also: home enteral nutrition support

Active home enteral nutritional support Mode of administration of enteral formulas by tube in the patient's home for the management of chronic pathologies.

Also: home enteral nutrition support

Parenteral nutritional support Administration of nutrients directly intravenously, omitting the digestive tract, indicated when it is not functional or is contraindicated.

Also: total parenteral nutrition · parenteral support · parenteral nutrition support

Central parenteral nutritional support Intravenous administration of high osmolarity nutrients through a large-caliber vein to cover total caloric requirements.

Also: central parenteral nutrition support

Active central parenteral nutritional support Intravenous administration of high osmolarity nutrients through a large-caliber vein to cover total caloric requirements.

Also: central parenteral nutrition support

Centrally administered parenteral nutritional support Intravenous administration of high osmolarity nutrients through a large-caliber vein to cover total caloric requirements.

Also: central parenteral nutrition support

Iron supplementation Administration of iron salts to quickly replenish the reserves of this mineral in the event of documented anemias.

Also: iron supplementation

Selective enteral iron supplementation Administration of ferric compounds to restore ferritin stores in patients with documented iron deficiency anemia.

Also: selective enteral iron supplementation

Selective enteral iron supplementation Administration of ferric salts for the progressive correction of iron deficiency anemia in the nutrition consultation.

Also: selective enteral iron supplementation

Supplementation with organic selenium Controlled clinical contribution of selenium compounds to optimize antioxidant defense through the synthesis of cellular selenoenzymes.

Also: organic selenium supplementation

Supplementation with cellular organic selenium Controlled clinical contribution of selenium compounds to optimize antioxidant defense through the synthesis of cellular selenoenzymes.

Also: organic selenium supplementation

Trace mineral supplementation Dietary intervention to correct deficiencies in essential trace elements such as copper, selenium or iodine through specific supplements.

Also: trace mineral supplementation

Supplementation of essential dietary micronutrients Prophylactic intervention that supplies vitamins and minerals to prevent metabolic or immunological failures in at-risk populations.

Also: essential micronutrient supplementation

Selectively administered micronutrient supplementation Targeted intervention that provides specific vitamins or minerals to patients with documented deficiency states to prevent chronic damage.

Also: selective micronutrient supplementation

Supplementation of essential micronutrients Prophylactic intervention that supplies vitamins and minerals to prevent metabolic or immunological failures in at-risk populations.

Also: essential micronutrient supplementation

Selective micronutrient supplementation Targeted intervention that provides specific vitamins or minerals to patients with documented deficiency states to prevent chronic damage.

Also: selective micronutrient supplementation

Essential mineral supplementation Therapeutic contribution of cations of high biological relevance to correct documented deficiencies and prevent childhood growth retardation.

Also: essential mineral supplementation

Supplementation of essential absorption minerals Therapeutic contribution of cations of high biological relevance to correct documented deficiencies and prevent childhood growth retardation.

Also: essential mineral supplementation

Supplementation of essential trace elements Dietary intervention to correct deficiencies in essential trace elements such as copper, selenium or iodine through specific supplements.

Also: trace mineral supplementation

Selenium supplementation Controlled pharmacological contribution of selenium to restore the activity of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which protects against oxidative damage.

Also: selenium supplementation

Oral zinc supplementation Contribution of zinc salts in controlled doses to optimize healing and accelerate immune recovery in patients.

Also: oral zinc supplementation

Oral zinc supplementation for selective use Administration of zinc preparations to enhance the cellular immune response and accelerate child growth.

Also: selective oral zinc supplementation

Selective oral zinc supplementation Therapeutic administration of zinc preparations to enhance the cellular immune response and accelerate child growth.

Also: selective oral zinc supplementation

Oral zinc supplementation Contribution of zinc salts in controlled doses to optimize healing and accelerate immune recovery in patients.

Also: oral zinc supplementation

Enterally administered iron supplementation Administration of ferrous salts for the correction of iron deficiency anemia in the nutrition consultation.

Also: enteral iron supplementation

Enteral iron supplementation Administration of ferrous salts for the correction of iron deficiency anemia in the nutrition consultation.

Also: enteral iron supplementation

Mineral supplementation Controlled clinical contribution of essential minerals to replenish the tissue stores of a patient with severe nutritional deficiencies.

Also: mineral supplementation

Basal metabolic rate Amount of energy expressed in kilocalories that the body requires to maintain basic metabolic functions in a state of absolute rest.

Also: TMB · basal metabolic rate

Rest metabolic rate calculated by calorimeter Exact quantification of the caloric requirement of absolute rest performed by indirect calorimetry in a metabolic clinic.

Also: measured resting metabolic rate direct

Measured direct resting metabolic rate Exact quantification of the energy requirement of absolute rest performed by indirect calorimetry in a metabolic clinic.

Also: measured resting metabolic rate direct · measured resting metabolic rate direct clinical

Direct clinically measured resting metabolic rate Exact quantification of basal resting caloric expenditure obtained through automated indirect calorimetry in a metabolic unit.

Also: measured resting metabolic rate direct clinical

Direct resting metabolic rate by calorimetry Quantification of basal resting caloric expenditure obtained by automated indirect calorimetry in a metabolic unit.

Also: measured resting metabolic rate direct clinical

Estimated resting metabolic rate Indirect calculation of the caloric requirement of the awake subject using validated clinical prediction equations.

Also: estimated resting metabolic rate

Directly measured resting metabolic rate Exact quantification of the basal caloric requirement obtained through standardized indirect calorimetry under clinical rest conditions.

Also: measured resting metabolic rate direct

Severe unspecified eating disorder Category of behavioral eating disorder with severe clinical manifestations that do not strictly meet all diagnostic criteria.

Also: severe eating disorder not otherwise specified

Severe unspecified eating disorder Category of behavioral eating disorder with severe clinical manifestations that do not strictly meet all diagnostic criteria.

Also: severe eating disorder not otherwise specified

Severe restrictive eating disorder Extreme voluntary limitation of food intake that leads to severe malnutrition and alteration of vital parameters.

Also: severe restrictive eating disorder

Severe restrictive eating disorder of childhood Selective self-limitation of foods in children that compromises normal development and height growth on a chronic basis.

Also: severe pediatric restrictive eating disorder

Severe restrictive eating disorder in children Selective self-limitation of foods in children that compromises normal development and height growth.

Also: severe pediatric restrictive eating disorder

Severe avoidance eating disorder Behavioral disorder that induces extreme food restrictions due to sensory sensitivity that collapses the child's nutritional status.

Also: severe avoidant food intake disorder

Eating avoidance disorder of childhood origin Persistent refusal to eat solid foods in childhood due to sensory hypersensitivity, inducing the risk of severe malnutrition.

Also: pediatric avoidant food intake disorder

Sensory-type food avoidance disorder Pathological exclusion of multiple food categories based on aversion to the color, smell or texture of the dishes.

Also: sensory avoidant food intake disorder

Selective food avoidance disorder Disorder characterized by the rigid exclusion of foods due to their color or texture that causes severe malnutrition and dependence on supplements.

Also: selective food avoidance disorder

Childhood selective avoidance disorder Disorder characterized by the rigid exclusion of foods due to their color or texture that causes severe malnutrition and dependence on supplements.

Also: selective food avoidance disorder

Severe selective food avoidance disorder Disorder characterized by the rigid exclusion of foods due to their color or texture that causes severe malnutrition and dependence on supplements.

Also: selective food avoidance disorder

Sensory avoidance eating disorder Pathological exclusion of multiple food categories based on aversion to the color, smell or texture of the dishes.

Also: sensory avoidant food intake disorder

Selective sensory food avoidance disorder Pathological exclusion of multiple food categories based on aversion to the color, smell or texture of the dishes.

Also: sensory avoidant food intake disorder

Severe food avoidance disorder Behavioral disorder that induces extreme food restrictions due to sensory sensitivity that collapses the child's nutritional status.

Also: severe avoidant food intake disorder

Childhood avoidance feeding disorder Persistent refusal to eat solid foods in childhood due to sensory hypersensitivity, inducing the risk of severe malnutrition.

Also: pediatric avoidant food intake disorder

Severe childhood avoidance feeding disorder Persistent refusal to eat solid foods in childhood due to sensory hypersensitivity, inducing the risk of severe malnutrition.

Also: pediatric avoidant food intake disorder

Restrictive eating disorder Anomalous eating behavior that involves a strict and voluntary limitation of the variety or volume of food without distortion of one's body figure.

Also: restrictive eating disorder

Pica disorder Eating disorder characterized by the persistent and compulsive consumption of non-nutritive and non-food substances, such as dirt, chalk or ice.

Also: pica

Severe course of purging disorder Eating pattern characterized by purging behaviors without a history of binge eating, which acutely compromises electrolyte balance.

Also: purging disorder without bingeing

Purge disorder with severe clinical course Severe eating disorder where purging without prior binge eating causes severe dehydration and cardiovascular collapse.

Also: severe non-bulimic purging disorder clinic

Severe recurrence purging disorder Eating disorder with extreme compensatory behaviors without prior binge eating that induces electrolyte imbalances of clinical risk.

Also: severe recurrent purging disorder

Non-bulimic purging disorder Eating pattern characterized by purging behaviors without a history of binge eating, which acutely compromises electrolyte balance.

Also: purging disorder without bingeing

Severe non-bulimic purging disorder Severe abnormal eating behavior characterized by daily self-purges that cause severe hypokalemia and secondary acute renal failure.

Also: severe non-bulmic purging disorder

Severe non-bulimic purging disorder Eating disorder where regular use of purges without prior binge eating causes severe dehydration and cardiovascular collapse.

Also: severe non-bulimic purging disorder clinic

Clinical severe non-bulimic purging disorder Eating behavior with repeated self-purges that induce serious electrolyte imbalances with the risk of fatal arrhythmias in the patient.

Also: clinical severe non-bulimic purging disorder

Severe clinically active non-bulimic purging disorder Eating behavior with repeated self-purges that induce serious electrolyte imbalances with risk of arrhythmias in the patient.

Also: clinical severe non-bulimic purging disorder

Severe non-bulimic purging disorder for consultation Eating behavior with repeated self-purges that induce serious electrolyte imbalances with the risk of fatal arrhythmias in the patient.

Also: clinical severe non-bulimic purging disorder

Recurrent purging disorder Disorder characterized by the repeated induction of vomiting or the use of diuretics after eating normal portions of food in order to modify weight.

Also: recurrent purging disorder

Severe recurrent purging disorder Eating disorder with extreme compensatory behaviors without prior binge eating that induces serious electrolyte imbalances.

Also: severe recurrent purging disorder

Rumination disorder of childhood origin Repeated regurgitation of partially digested food that is chewed, swallowed again, or spit out by the infant or young child.

Also: psychogenic rumination · rumination disorder in childhood

Childhood rumination disorder Repeated and voluntary regurgitation of partially digested food that is chewed, swallowed again or spit out by the infant or young child.

Also: psychogenic rumination · rumination disorder in childhood

Binge eating disorder Eating disorder characterized by episodes of compulsive and excessive eating without purging-type compensatory behaviors.

Also: binge eating disorder

Severe restrictive eating disorder Disorder characterized by drastic limitation of nutritional volume, causing acute metabolic imbalance and massive loss of body weight.

Also: severe restrictive food intake disorder

Restrictive eating disorder Rejection of the consumption of multiple types of foods based on sensory aversion of color or texture, without fear of gaining weight.

Also: restrictive food intake disorder

Severe restrictive food intake disorder Disorder characterized by drastic limitation of nutritional volume, causing acute metabolic imbalance and massive loss of body weight.

Also: severe restrictive food intake disorder

Personalized dietary treatment Planning an individual's diet formulated according to their metabolic characteristics, pathologies, tastes and lifestyle to optimize health.

Also: personalized dietary treatment

Clinical personalized dietary treatment Planning an individual's diet formulated according to their metabolic characteristics, pathologies, tastes and lifestyle to optimize health.

Also: personalized dietary treatment

Personalized dietary consultation treatment Planning an individual's diet formulated according to their metabolic characteristics, pathologies, tastes and lifestyle to optimize health.

Also: personalized dietary treatment

Precision nutritional treatment Food planning scientifically formulated to modulate the patient's genomic, metabolic and immunological parameters.

Also: precision nutritional therapy

Clinical precision nutritional treatment Dietotherapeutic intervention scientifically designed according to the patient's genome and microbiota to optimize their health and prevent relapses.

Also: clinical precision nutritional therapy

Nutritional treatment with direct clinical precision Dietotherapeutic intervention scientifically designed according to the patient's genome and microbiota to optimize their health and prevent relapses.

Also: clinical precision nutritional therapy

Precision nutritional treatment for clinical use Dietotherapeutic intervention scientifically designed according to the patient's genome and microbiota to optimize their health and prevent relapses.

Also: clinical precision nutritional therapy

Medical nutritional treatment Individualized diet therapy intervention planned by a clinical nutritionist for the management of specific diseases and conditions.

Also: TNM · medical nutrition therapy

Long chain triglyceride Lipid with fatty acids of more than twelve carbons that requires bile emulsion, enzymatic hydrolysis and transport by chylomicrons in the lymphatic system.

Also: TCL · long-chain triglyceride

Medium chain triglyceride Fat composed of fatty acids with six to twelve carbons that are absorbed directly via the portal vein without the need for micelles or bile salts.

Also: TCM · medium-chain triglyceride

Short chain triglycerides from colonic fermentation Lipids generated by intestinal bacterial fermentation that protect the colonic mucosa and regulate cell differentiation.

Also: short-chain fatty acid triglycerides

Dietary short chain triglycerides Lipids generated by intestinal bacterial fermentation that protect the colonic mucosa and regulate cell differentiation.

Also: short-chain fatty acid triglycerides

Dietary structured triglycerides Enzymatically modified lipids that have medium chain fatty acids in the external positions of glycerol to optimize intestinal digestion.

Also: dietary structured triglycerides

Water-soluble vitamin Water-soluble micronutrient that is not stored in significant quantities, being eliminated through urine and requiring a constant dietary intake.

Also: water-soluble vitamin

Dietary water-soluble vitamin with free active action Water-soluble vitamin not bound to transporters that exerts an immediate action as a metabolic cofactor within cells.

Also: active free water-soluble vitamin

Free dietary water-soluble vitamin Water-soluble form of vitamin that is easily absorbed by diffusion or active transport in the small intestine.

Also: free dietary water-soluble vitamin

Active free dietary water-soluble vitamin Water-soluble vitamin not bound to transporters that exerts an immediate action as a metabolic cofactor within cells.

Also: active free water-soluble vitamin

Free water-soluble vitamin Free and active circulating form of water-soluble vitamins that acts as an enzymatic cofactor in tissues.

Also: free water-soluble vitamin

Free water-soluble vitamin with rapid absorption Water-soluble form of vitamin that is easily absorbed by diffusion or active transport in the small intestine.

Also: free dietary water-soluble vitamin

Fat-soluble vitamin Vitamin that dissolves in fat, requiring dietary lipids for intestinal absorption and being stored in the liver and fatty tissue.

Also: fat-soluble vitamin

Biologically active free fat-soluble vitamin Biologically active form of hydrophobic vitamin ready to penetrate the cell nucleus and bind to its specific receptors.

Also: active fat-soluble vitamin

Fat-soluble vitamin free from intestinal assimilation Hydrophobic molecule in its unconjugated active state that penetrates the cells of the intestinal mucosa for systemic assimilation.

Also: natural active dietary fat-soluble vitamin

Free dietary fat-soluble vitamin Non-esterified fat-soluble vitamin ready to be captured at the level of the intestinal membrane of the enterocyte.

Also: free dietary fat-soluble vitamin

Natural dietary free fat-soluble vitamin Hydrophobic molecule in its active non-conjugated state that penetrates the cells of the intestinal mucosa for assimilation.

Also: natural active dietary fat-soluble vitamin

Natural free fat-soluble vitamin Biologically active form of hydrophobic vitamin ready to penetrate the cell nucleus and bind to its specific receptors.

Also: active fat-soluble vitamin

Serum iodine Concentration of free iodine in blood plasma, used clinically to evaluate the nutritional status of this mineral.

Also: serum iodine

Urinary iodine Iodine concentration excreted by the kidneys, considered the reference population biomarker to evaluate iodine nutritional status.

Also: ioduria · urinary iodine

Population urinary iodine Metric that determines the volume of iodine excreted in twenty-four-hour urine in epidemiological studies to evaluate iodine deficiencies.

Also: population urinary iodine excretion

Twenty-four-hour urinary ioduria Quantitative measurement of iodine excreted in urine collected from an entire day, an indicator of the nutritional status of this mineral.

Also: 24-hour urinary iodine excretion

24-hour urinary ioduria of the population Quantitative measurement of iodine excreted in urine collected from an entire day, an indicator of the nutritional status of this mineral.

Also: 24-hour urinary iodine excretion

Twenty-four-hour urinary ioduria in the general population Reference indicator to quantitatively evaluate the iodine nutritional status of a community.

Also: population 24-hour urinary iodine excretion

Twenty-four-hour follow-up urinary ioduria Quantitative measurement of iodine excreted in urine collected from an entire day, an indicator of the nutritional status of this mineral.

Also: 24-hour urinary iodine excretion

Population twenty-four-hour urinary ioduria Reference indicator to quantitatively evaluate the iodine nutritional status of a community.

Also: population 24-hour urinary iodine excretion

Twenty-four-hour urinary ioduria in the active population Reference indicator to quantitatively evaluate the iodine nutritional status of a community in public health studies.

Also: population 24-hour urinary iodine excretion

Nutrition

Other glossary specialties